Cannabis farming systems and methods

ABSTRACT

Methods to produce a spray-dried active tetrahydrocannabinol powder and/or cannabidiol powder are described. The methods include introducing a heated gas and a liquid mixture of water and active tetrahydrocannabinol and/or cannabidiol into a spray dryer and then separating powder from the spray-dryer in a two-step separation process. Counter-current spray dryers and co-current spray dryers are described followed by separation of the powders with a cyclone, filter, electrostatic precipitator, or sifter.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Continuation-In-Part of my co-pending patent application Ser. No. 15/784,112, filed on Oct. 14, 2017, which is a Continuation-In-Part of my co-pending patent application Ser. No. 15/609,472, filed on May 31, 2017, the disclosure of these applications are incorporated by reference hereinto.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to improvements to cannabis farming systems and methods. The present disclosure also relates to a new and distinct plant named Grass Weedly Junior characterized by a hybrid between Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Sativa and Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.) and relevant cannabis farming systems and methods.

BACKGROUND

Efficient, reliable, and consistent, computer-operated cannabis farming systems and methods are needed to meet the cannabis production demands of society. In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for cannabis for medicinal and recreational use. Large-scale cannabis farming systems must be designed carefully to minimize environmental impact, reduce manual labor and human interaction, and automate the system as much as possible while maximizing plant growth. These systems must be precisely sized and situated to be able to provide systematically timed and controlled computer-operated methods to maintain a sufficient amount of water and nutrients for the cannabis at a precise temperature, humidity level, pH, oxygen and/or carbon dioxide level, air velocity, and light wavelength and schedule. A need exists for cannabis farming facilities that maximize plant production on a small physical outlay while providing adequate space for high-density plant growth all at an economically attractive cost.

The ability to grow cannabis with minimal human interaction has been long regarded as desirable and needed to facilitate widespread use for human consumption and for the production of food. It is of importance that large-scale, standardized, modular, easily manufacturable, energy efficient, reliable, computer-operated cannabis farming systems and facilities are extensively deployed to produce cannabis for medicinal and recreation use with minimal water and environmental impact.

There is a need for cannabis farming facilities to employ systems and methods that can clean and decontaminate water from harsh and unpredictable sources and provide a clean water source suitable to feed and grow cannabis. There is a need to re-use old containerized shipping containers to promote the implementation of widespread commercial production of cannabis to promote regional, rural, and urban job opportunities that maximize the quality of living where the cannabis is farmed.

There is a need for a superior blend of Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Sativa and Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.) that provides improved medicinal benefits, and has a high yield to meet industrial, commercial, recreational, and medicinal demand at a low price and minimal economic and environmental impact. There is a need for a new variety of plant that has a repeatable, predictable, and unique chemical composition that is based upon standardized engineered concentrations of: cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol, energy, carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, ash, volatiles, nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine, sodium, potassium, iron, magnesium, phosphorous, calcium, zinc, cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, fat, fiber, protein, while having preferred specific Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Sativa and Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.) weight percentages.

SUMMARY

This Summary is provided merely to introduce certain concepts and not to identify any key or essential features of the claimed subject matter.

Paragraph A. A system for producing electricity, heat, and cannabis, the system includes:

-   -   (a) a power production system (PPS), including a first         compressor (LEB), a combustor (LED1), a turbine (LFE), a shaft         (LFG), and a first generator (LFH):         -   (a1) the compressor (LEB) is configured to pressurize an             oxygen-containing gas (LEA) to form a compressed gas stream             (LEK);         -   (a2) the combustor (LED1) is configured to mix and combust             the compressed gas stream (LEK) with a fuel (LEL) to produce             a combustion stream (LEM);         -   (a3) the turbine (LFE) is configured to accept the             combustion stream (LEM) and rotate a shaft (LFG) and output             a depressurized combustion stream (LFD′);         -   (a4) the shaft (LFG) is connected to a first generator (LFH)             which produces electricity (ELEC);     -   (b) a farming superstructure system (FSS), including:         -   (b1) a cation that is configured to remove positively             charged ions from water to form a positively charged ion             depleted water (06A), the positively charged ions are             comprised of one or more from the group consisting of             calcium, magnesium, sodium, and iron;         -   (b2) an anion that is configured to remove negatively             charged ions from the positively charged ion depleted water             (06A) to form a negatively charged ion depleted water (09A),             the negatively charged ions are comprised of one or more             from the group consisting of iodine, chloride, and sulfate;         -   (b3) a common reservoir (500) that is configured to accept a             portion of the negatively charged ion depleted water (09A)             as well as one or more from the group consisting of a             macro-nutrient, a micro-nutrient, a pH adjustment solution,             a carbohydrate, an enzyme, a microorganism, a vitamin, and a             hormone to form a liquid mixture;         -   (b4) a pump (P1) that is configured to accept and pressurize             at least a portion of the liquid mixture from within the             common reservoir (500);         -   (b5) a plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200) positioned             within the interior (ENC1) of an enclosure (ENC), each             growing assembly (100, 200) is configured to grow cannabis             (107, 207), each growing assembly (100, 200) is configured             to accept at least a portion of the liquid mixture provided             by the pump (P1);         -   (b6) a plurality of lights (L1, L2) that are configured to             illuminate the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC), the             plurality of lights (L1, L2) are powered by the electricity             (ELEC) produced by the first generator (LFH);         -   (b7) a computer (COMP) that is configured to operate the             plurality of lights (L1, L2) to illuminate the interior             (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC);     -   (c) a temperature control unit (TCU), including a refrigerant         (Q31) that is configured to be transferred from a second         compressor (Q30) to a condenser (Q32), from the condenser (Q32)         to an evaporator (Q34), and from the evaporator (Q34) to the         second compressor (Q30);         -   (c1) the second compressor (Q31) is in fluid communication             with the condenser (Q32);         -   (c2) the condenser (Q32) is in fluid communication with the             evaporator (Q34);         -   (c3) the evaporator (Q34) in fluid communication with the             compressor (Q30), the evaporator (Q34) is configured to             evaporate the refrigerant (Q31) to absorb heat from the             interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) and maintain a             pre-determined temperature within the interior (ENC1) of the             enclosure (ENC);         -   (c4) the second compressor (Q31) accepts either (i) heat             from at least a portion of the depressurized combustion             stream (LFD′) or (ii) electricity (ELEC) produced by the             first generator (LFH);             wherein:     -   (1) the macro-nutrient is comprised of one or more from the         group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,         magnesium, and sulfur;     -   (2) the micro-nutrient is comprised of one or more from the         group consisting of iron, manganese, boron, molybdenum, copper,         zinc, sodium, chlorine, and silicon;     -   (3) the pH adjustment solution is comprised of one or more from         the group consisting of acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid,         potassium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, organic acids, citric acid,         and acetic acid;     -   (4) the carbohydrate is comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of sugar, sucrose, molasses, and plant syrups;     -   (5) the enzyme is comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of amino acids, orotidine 5′-phosphate decarboxylase,         OMP decarboxylase, glucanase, beta-glucanase, cellulase,         xylanase, HYGROZYME®, CANNAZYME®, MICROZYME®, and SENSIZYME®;     -   (6) the microorganism is comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of bacteria, diazotroph bacteria, diazotrop archaea,         azotobacter vinelandii, clostridium pasteurianu, fungi,         arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, glomus aggrefatum, glomus         etunicatum, glomus intraradices, rhizophagus irregularis, and         glomus mosseae;     -   (7) the vitamin is comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E;     -   (8) the hormone is comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of auxins, cytokinins gibberellins, abscic acid,         brassinosteroids, salicylic acid, jasmonates, plant peptide         hormones, polyamines, nitric oxide, strigolactones, and         triacontanol.         Paragraph B: The system according to Paragraph A, wherein the         farming superstructure system (FSS) further includes a carbon         dioxide tank (CO2T) and at least one carbon dioxide valve (V8,         V9, V10), the at least one carbon dioxide valve (V8, V9, V10) is         configured to take a pressure drop of greater than 50 pounds per         square inch, and carbon dioxide is made available to the         cannabis (107, 207) within the enclosure (ENC).         Paragraph C: The system according to Paragraph B, further         comprising:     -   (a) gas quality sensor (GC1, GC2) that is provided to monitor         the concentration of carbon dioxide within the interior (ENC1)         of an enclosure (ENC);     -   (b) the gas quality sensor (GC1, GC2) is equipped to send a         signal (XGC2) to the computer (COMP); and     -   (c) at least one carbon dioxide supply valve (V8, V9) that is         equipped with a controller (CV8, CV9) that sends a signal (XV8,         XV9) to or from a computer (COMP) to maintain a carbon dioxide         concentration within the interior (ENC1) of an enclosure (ENC)         between 400 parts per million and less than 30,000 parts per         million.         Paragraph D: The system according to Paragraph A, wherein the         second compressor (Q31) includes a second generator (Q50) and an         absorber (Q60), a pump (Q45) connects the generator (Q50) to the         absorber (Q60), and a metering device (Q55) is positioned in         between the absorber (Q60) to the generator (Q50); wherein the         generator (Q50) of the second compressor (Q31) accepts heat from         at least a portion of the depressurized combustion stream         (LFD′).         Paragraph E: A system for producing electricity, heat, cannabis,         and concentrated volatiles, the system includes:     -   (a) a power production system (PPS), including a first         compressor (LEB), a combustor (LED1), a turbine (LFE), a shaft         (LFG), and a first generator (LFH):         -   (a1) the compressor (LEB) is configured to pressurize an             oxygen-containing gas (LEA) to form a compressed gas stream             (LEK);         -   (a2) the combustor (LED1) is configured to mix and combust             the compressed gas stream (LEK) with a fuel (LEL) to produce             a combustion stream (LEM);         -   (a3) the turbine (LFE) is configured to accept the             combustion stream (LEM) and rotate a shaft (LFG) and output             a depressurized combustion stream (LFD′);         -   (a4) the shaft (LFG) is connected to a first generator (LFH)             which produces electricity (ELEC);     -   (b) a farming superstructure system (FSS), including:         -   (b1) a cation that is configured to remove positively             charged ions from water to form a positively charged ion             depleted water (06A), the positively charged ions are             comprised of one or more from the group consisting of             calcium, magnesium, sodium, and iron;         -   (b2) an anion that is configured to remove negatively             charged ions from the positively charged ion depleted water             (06A) to form a negatively charged ion depleted water (09A),             the negatively charged ions are comprised of one or more             from the group consisting of iodine, chloride, and sulfate;         -   (b3) a common reservoir (500) that is configured to accept a             portion of the negatively charged ion depleted water (09A)             as well as one or more from the group consisting of a             macro-nutrient, a micro-nutrient, a pH adjustment solution,             a carbohydrate, an enzyme, a microorganism, a vitamin, and a             hormone to form a liquid mixture;         -   (b4) a pump (P1) configured to accept and pressurize at             least a portion of the liquid mixture from within the common             reservoir (500);         -   (b5) a plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200) positioned             within the interior (ENC1) of an enclosure (ENC), each             growing assembly (100, 200) is configured to grow cannabis             (107, 207), each growing assembly (100, 200) is configured             to accept at least a portion of the liquid mixture provided             by the pump (P1);         -   (b6) a plurality of lights (L1, L2) that are configured to             illuminate the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC), the             plurality of lights (L1, L2) are powered by the electricity             (ELEC) produced by the first generator (LFH);         -   (b7) a computer (COMP) that is configured to operate the             plurality of lights (L1, L2) to illuminate the interior             (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC);         -   (b8) gas quality sensor (GC1, GC2) that is provided to             monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide within the             interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC);         -   (b9) the gas quality sensor (GC1, GC2) is equipped to send a             signal (XGC2) to the computer (COMP);         -   (b10) at least one carbon dioxide supply valve (V8, V9) is             equipped with a controller (CV8, CV9) that sends a signal             (XV8, XV9) to or from a computer (COMP) to maintain a carbon             dioxide concentration within the interior (ENC1) of the             enclosure (ENC) between 400 parts per million and less than             30,000 parts per million;         -   (b11) a grinder (GR) that is configured to accept at least a             portion of the cannabis (107, 207) from at least one of the             plurality of growing assemblies, the grinder (GR) grinds a             portion of the cannabis (107, 207) to produce ground             cannabis (GR1);         -   (b12) a volatiles extraction system (VES) that is configured             to extract volatiles from the ground cannabis (GR1) with a             first solvent (SOLV1) to generate a first solvent and             volatiles mixture (FSVM), the first solvent (SOLV1) includes             one or more from the group consisting of acetone, alcohol,             butane, carbon dioxide, ethanol, gas, gaseous carbon             dioxide, hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon             dioxide, liquid, naphtha, pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant             gas, subcritical carbon dioxide, and supercritical carbon             dioxide;         -   (b13) a first solvent separation system (SSS) that is             configured to separate volatiles (VOLT) from the first             solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM) and output both             volatiles (VOLT) and a separated first solvent (SOLV1-S);         -   (b14) a volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS) that is             configured to mix the volatiles (VOLT) with a second solvent             (SOLV2) to produce a second volatiles and solvent mixture             (SVSM), the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from             the group consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, and             ethanol;         -   (b15) a solvent cooler (SOLV-C) that is configured to cool             the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) that is             evacuated from the volatiles and solvent mixing system             (VSMS) to produce a reduced temperature second volatiles and             solvent mixture (RTSVSM), the solvent cooler (SOLV-C) is             configured to lower the temperature of the second volatiles             and solvent mixture (SVSM);         -   (b16) a solvent filter (SOLV-F) that is configured to accept             at least a portion of the reduced temperature second             volatiles and solvent mixture (RTSVSM), the solvent filter             (SOLV-F) is configured to separate wax (WAX) from the             reduced temperature second volatiles and solvent mixture             (RTSVSM), the solvent filter (SOLV-F) discharges a filtered             second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM); and         -   (b17) a second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) that is             configured to evaporate at least a portion of the second             solvent (SOLV2) from the filtered second volatiles and             solvent mixture (SVSM) to produce concentrated volatiles             (CVOLT);     -   (c) a temperature control unit (TCU), including a refrigerant         (Q31) that is configured to be transferred from a second         compressor (Q30) to a condenser (Q32), from the condenser (Q32)         to an evaporator (Q34), and from the evaporator (Q34) to the         second compressor (Q30);         -   (c1) the second compressor (Q31) is in fluid communication             with the condenser (Q32);         -   (c2) the condenser (Q32) is in fluid communication with the             evaporator (Q34);         -   (c3) the evaporator (Q34) in fluid communication with the             compressor (Q30), the evaporator (Q34) is configured to             evaporate the refrigerant (Q31) to absorb heat from the             interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) and maintain a             pre-determined temperature within the interior (ENC1) of the             enclosure (ENC);         -   (c4) the second compressor (Q31) accepts either (i) heat             from at least a portion of the depressurized combustion             stream (LFD′) or (ii) electricity (ELEC) produced by the             first generator (LFH);             wherein:     -   (1) the macro-nutrient is comprised of one or more from the         group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,         magnesium, and sulfur;     -   (2) the micro-nutrient is comprised of one or more from the         group consisting of iron, manganese, boron, molybdenum, copper,         zinc, sodium, chlorine, and silicon;     -   (3) the pH adjustment solution is comprised of one or more from         the group consisting of acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid,         potassium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, organic acids, citric acid,         and acetic acid;     -   (4) the carbohydrate is comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of sugar, sucrose, molasses, and plant syrups;     -   (5) the enzyme is comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of amino acids, orotidine 5′-phosphate decarboxylase,         OMP decarboxylase, glucanase, beta-glucanase, cellulase,         xylanase, HYGROZYME®, CANNAZYME®, MICROZYME®, and SENSIZYME®;     -   (6) the microorganism is comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of bacteria, diazotroph bacteria, diazotrop archaea,         azotobacter vinelandii, clostridium pasteurianu, fungi,         arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, glomus aggrefatum, glomus         etunicatum, glomus intraradices, rhizophagus irregularis, and         glomus mosseae;     -   (7) the vitamin is comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E;     -   (8) the hormone is comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of auxins, cytokinins gibberellins, abscic acid,         brassinosteroids, salicylic acid, jasmonates, plant peptide         hormones, polyamines, nitric oxide, strigolactones, and         triacontanol.         Paragraph F: A system for producing electricity, heat, and         cannabis, the system includes:     -   (a) a power production system (PPS), including a first         compressor (LEB), a combustor (LED1), a turbine (LFE), a shaft         (LFG), and a first generator (LFH):         -   (a1) the compressor (LEB) is configured to pressurize an             oxygen-containing gas (LEA) to form a compressed gas stream             (LEK);         -   (a2) the combustor (LED1) is configured to mix and combust             the compressed gas stream (LEK) with a fuel (LEL) to produce             a combustion stream (LEM);         -   (a3) the turbine (LFE) is configured to accept the             combustion stream (LEM) and rotate a shaft (LFG) and output             a depressurized combustion stream (LFD′);         -   (a4) the shaft (LFG) is connected to a first generator (LFH)             which produces electricity (ELEC);     -   (b) a farming superstructure system (FSS), including:         -   (b1) an enclosure (ENC) having an interior (ENC1);         -   (b2) a plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200) positioned             within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC), each             growing assembly (100, 200) is configured to grow cannabis             (107, 207);         -   (b3) a plurality of lights (L1, L2) configured to illuminate             the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC), the plurality of             lights (L1, L2) are powered by the electricity (ELEC)             produced by the first generator (LFH);         -   (b4) a computer (COMP) that is configured to operate the             plurality of lights (L1, L2) to illuminate the interior             (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) at an illumination on-off             ratio ranging from between greater than 0.5 to less than 5,             the illumination on-off ratio is defined as the duration of             time when the lights are on and illuminate the cannabis in             hours divided by the subsequent duration of time when the             lights are off and are not illuminating the cannabis in             hours before the lights are turned on again;     -   (c) a temperature control unit (TCU), including a refrigerant         (Q31) that is configured to be transferred from a second         compressor (Q30) to a condenser (Q32), from the condenser (Q32)         to an evaporator (Q34), and from the evaporator (Q34) to the         second compressor (Q30);         -   (c1) the second compressor (Q31) is in fluid communication             with the condenser (Q32);         -   (c2) the condenser (Q32) is in fluid communication with the             evaporator (Q34);         -   (c3) the evaporator (Q34) in fluid communication with the             compressor (Q30), the evaporator (Q34) is configured to             evaporate the refrigerant (Q31) to absorb heat from the             interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) and maintain a             pre-determined temperature within the interior (ENC1) of the             enclosure (ENC);         -   (c4) the second compressor (Q31) accepts either (i) heat             from at least a portion of the depressurized combustion             stream (LFD′) or (ii) electricity (ELEC) produced by the             first generator (LFH).             Paragraph G: The system according to Paragraph F, wherein:

the first compressor (LEB) has a plurality of stages (LEC) and is an axial compressor.

Paragraph H: The system according to Paragraph F, wherein the combustor (LED1) is comprised of an annular type gas mixer (LEE) that mixes the fuel with the oxygen containing—gas within the combustor to form a fuel-and-oxygen-containing gas mixture, which is then combusted. Paragraph I: The system according to Paragraph F, further comprising:

-   -   (a) the power production system (PPS) includes a first combustor         (LED1) and a second combustor (LED2):         -   (a1) the compressed gas stream (LEK) is apportioned into a             plurality of compressed gas streams (LEK, LEN) that include             at least a first compressed gas stream (LEK) that is             provided to the first combustor (LED1) and a second             compressed gas stream (LEN) that is provided to the second             combustor (LED2);         -   (a2) the first combustor (LED1) is configured to mix and             combust the first compressed gas stream (LEK) with a first             fuel (LEL) to produce a first combustion stream (LEM);         -   (a3) the second combustor (LED2) is configured to mix and             combust the second compressed gas stream (LEN) with a second             fuel (LEO) to produce a second combustion stream (LEP); and         -   (a4) the first combustion stream (LEM) is combined with the             second combustion stream (LEP) to form a combustion stream             (LEM) that is transferred to the turbine (LFE).             Paragraph J: The system according to Paragraph F, wherein             the farming superstructure system (FSS) further includes:     -   (a1) a cation that is configured to remove positively charged         ions from water to form a positively charged ion depleted water         (06A), the positively charged ions are comprised of one or more         from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and         iron;     -   (a2) an anion that is configured to remove negatively charged         ions from the positively charged ion depleted water (06A) to         form a negatively charged ion depleted water (09A), the         negatively charged ions are comprised of one or more from the         group consisting of iodine, chloride, and sulfate;     -   (a3) a common reservoir (500) that is configured to accept a         portion of the negatively charged ion depleted water (09A) as         well as one or more from the group consisting of a         macro-nutrient, a micro-nutrient, a pH adjustment solution, a         carbohydrate, an enzyme, a microorganism, a vitamin, and a         hormone to form a liquid mixture;     -   (a4) a pump (P1) configured to accept and pressurize at least a         portion of the liquid mixture from within the common reservoir         (500); and     -   (a5) a plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200) positioned         within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC), each growing         assembly (100, 200) is configured to grow cannabis (107, 207),         each growing assembly (100, 200) is configured to accept at         least a portion of the liquid mixture provided by the pump (P1);         wherein:     -   (1) the macro-nutrient is comprised of one or more from the         group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,         magnesium, and sulfur;     -   (2) the micro-nutrient is comprised of one or more from the         group consisting of iron, manganese, boron, molybdenum, copper,         zinc, sodium, chlorine, and silicon;     -   (3) the pH adjustment solution is comprised of one or more from         the group consisting of acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid,         potassium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, organic acids, citric acid,         and acetic acid;     -   (4) the carbohydrate is comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of sugar, sucrose, molasses, and plant syrups;     -   (5) the enzyme is comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of amino acids, orotidine 5′-phosphate decarboxylase,         OMP decarboxylase, glucanase, beta-glucanase, cellulase,         xylanase, HYGROZYME®, CANNAZYME®, MICROZYME®, and SENSIZYME®;     -   (6) the microorganism is comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of bacteria, diazotroph bacteria, diazotrop archaea,         azotobacter vinelandii, clostridium pasteurianu, fungi,         arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, glomus aggrefatum, glomus         etunicatum, glomus intraradices, rhizophagus irregularis, and         glomus mosseae;     -   (7) the vitamin is comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E;     -   (8) the hormone is comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of auxins, cytokinins gibberellins, abscic acid,         brassinosteroids, salicylic acid, jasmonates, plant peptide         hormones, polyamines, nitric oxide, strigolactones, and         triacontanol.         Paragraph K: The system according to Paragraph F, wherein the         farming superstructure system (FSS) further includes a carbon         dioxide tank (CO2T) and at least one carbon dioxide valve (V8,         V9, V10), the at least one carbon dioxide valve (V8, V9, V10) is         configured to take a pressure drop of greater than 50 pounds per         square inch, and carbon dioxide is made available to the         cannabis (107, 207) within the enclosure (ENC).         Paragraph L: The system according to Paragraph K, further         comprising:     -   (a) gas quality sensor (GC1, GC2) that is provided to monitor         the concentration of carbon dioxide within the interior (ENC1)         of the enclosure (ENC);     -   (b) the gas quality sensor (GC1, GC2) is equipped to send a         signal (XGC2) to the computer (COMP); and     -   (c) the least one carbon dioxide supply valve (V8, V9) is         equipped with a controller (CV8, CV9) that sends a signal (XV8,         XV9) to or from a computer (COMP) to maintain a carbon dioxide         concentration within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC)         between 400 parts per million and less than 30,000 parts per         million.         Paragraph M: The system according to Paragraph F, wherein the         temperature control unit (TCU) is configured to operate in a         plurality of modes of operation, the modes of operation         including at least:     -   a first mode of operation in which compression of a refrigerant         takes place within the compressor, and the refrigerant leaves         the compressor as a superheated vapor at a temperature greater         than the condensation temperature of the refrigerant;     -   a second mode of operation in which condensation of refrigerant         takes place within the condenser, heat is rejected and the         refrigerant condenses from a superheated vapor into a liquid,         and the liquid is cooled to a temperature below the boiling         temperature of the refrigerant; and     -   a third mode of operation in which evaporation of the         refrigerant takes place, and the liquid phase refrigerant boils         in the evaporator to form a vapor or a superheated vapor while         absorbing heat from the interior of the enclosure.         Paragraph N: The system according to Paragraph F, wherein the         second compressor (Q31) includes a second generator (Q50) and an         absorber (Q60), a pump (Q45) connects the generator (Q50) to the         absorber (Q60), and a metering device (Q55) is positioned in         between the absorber (Q60) to the generator (Q50); wherein the         generator (Q50) of the second compressor (Q31) accepts heat from         at least a portion of the depressurized combustion stream         (LFD′).         Paragraph 0: The system according to Paragraph F, wherein the         farming superstructure system (FSS) further includes:     -   a trimmer (TR) that is configured to accept at least a portion         of the cannabis (107, 207) from at least one of the plurality of         growing assemblies, the trimmer (TR) is configured to separate         the buds from the leaves and stems by applying a rotational         motion to the cannabis (107, 207) that is provided by a motor         (MT1), wherein the rotational motion passes the cannabis (107,         207) across a blade (CT2), the blade (CT2) is configured to         separate the leaves or stems from the buds, to provide trimmed         cannabis (TR1).         Paragraph P: The system according to Paragraph F, wherein the         farming superstructure system (FSS) further includes:     -   (a) a grinder (GR) that is configured to accept at least a         portion of the cannabis (107, 207) from at least one of the         plurality of growing assemblies, the grinder (GR) grinds a         portion of the cannabis (107, 207) to produce ground cannabis         (GR1); and     -   (b) a volatiles extraction system (VES) that is configured to         extract volatiles from the ground cannabis (GR1) with a first         solvent (SOLV1) to generate a first solvent and volatiles         mixture (FSVM);         wherein the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or more from the         group consisting of acetone, alcohol, oil, butane, butter,         carbon dioxide, coconut oil, ethanol, gas, gaseous carbon         dioxide, hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide,         liquid, naphtha, olive oil, pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant         gas, subcritical carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide,         and vapor.         Paragraph Q: The system according to Paragraph F, wherein the         farming superstructure system (FSS) further includes:     -   (a) a grinder (GR) that is configured to accept at least a         portion of the cannabis (107, 207) from at least one of the         plurality of growing assemblies, the grinder (GR) grinds a         portion of the cannabis (107, 207) to produce ground cannabis         (GR1);     -   (b) a volatiles extraction system (VES) that is configured to         extract volatiles from the ground cannabis (GR1) with a first         solvent (SOLV1) to generate a first solvent and volatiles         mixture (FSVM), the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or more         from the group consisting of acetone, alcohol, butane, carbon         dioxide, ethanol, gas, gaseous carbon dioxide, hexane,         isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid, naphtha,         pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant gas, subcritical carbon         dioxide, and supercritical carbon dioxide;     -   (c) a first solvent separation system (SSS) that is configured         to separate volatiles (VOLT) from the first solvent and         volatiles mixture (FSVM) and output both volatiles (VOLT) and a         separated first solvent (SOLV1-S);     -   (d) a volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS) that is         configured to mix the volatiles (VOLT) with a second solvent         (SOLV2) to produce a second volatiles and solvent mixture         (SVSM), the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the         group consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, and         ethanol.         Paragraph R: The system according to Paragraph F, wherein the         farming superstructure system (FSS) further includes:     -   (1) a grinder (GR) that is configured to accept at least a         portion of the cannabis (107, 207) from at least one of the         plurality of growing assemblies, the grinder (GR) grinds a         portion of the cannabis (107, 207) to produce ground cannabis         (GR1);     -   (2) a volatiles extraction system (VES) that is configured to         extract volatiles from the ground cannabis (GR1) with a first         solvent (SOLV1) to generate a first solvent and volatiles         mixture (FSVM), the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or more         from the group consisting of acetone, alcohol, butane, carbon         dioxide, ethanol, gas, gaseous carbon dioxide, hexane,         isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid, naphtha,         pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant gas, subcritical carbon         dioxide, and supercritical carbon dioxide;     -   (3) a first solvent separation system (SSS) that is configured         to separate volatiles (VOLT) from the first solvent and         volatiles mixture (FSVM) and output both volatiles (VOLT) and a         separated first solvent (SOLV1-S);     -   (4) a volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS) that is         configured to mix the volatiles (VOLT) with a second solvent         (SOLV2) to produce a second volatiles and solvent mixture         (SVSM), the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the         group consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, and         ethanol;     -   (5) a solvent cooler (SOLV-C) that is configured to cool the         second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) that is evacuated         from the volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS) to produce a         reduced temperature second volatiles and solvent mixture         (RTSVSM), the solvent cooler (SOLV-C) is configured to lower the         temperature of the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);     -   (6) a solvent filter (SOLV-F) that is configured to accept at         least a portion of the reduced temperature second volatiles and         solvent mixture (RTSVSM), the solvent filter (SOLV-F) is         configured to separate wax (WAX) from the reduced temperature         second volatiles and solvent mixture (RTSVSM), the solvent         filter (SOLV-F) discharges a filtered second volatiles and         solvent mixture (SVSM); and     -   (7) a second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) that is         configured to evaporate at least a portion of the second solvent         (SOLV2) from the filtered second volatiles and solvent mixture         (SVSM) to produce concentrated volatiles (CVOLT).

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying figures show schematic process flowcharts of preferred embodiments and variations thereof. A full and enabling disclosure of the content of the accompanying claims, including the best mode thereof to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth more particularly in the remainder of the specification, including reference to the accompanying figures showing how the preferred embodiments and other non-limiting variations of other embodiments described herein may be carried out in practice, in which:

FIG. 1A depicts one non-limiting embodiment of a farming superstructure system (FSS) including a first water treatment unit (A1), a second water treatment unit (A2), a third water treatment unit (A3), a common reservoir (500), a pump (P1), a plurality of vertically stacked growing assemblies (100, 200), a fabric (104, 204) that partitions each growing assembly (100, 200) into an upper-section (105, 205) and a lower-section (106, 206), a plurality of lights (L1, L2) positioned within the upper-section (105, 205) of each growing assembly.

FIG. 1B depicts one non-limiting embodiment of a farming superstructure system (FSS) that includes a first growing assembly (100) having a first growing medium (GM1) and a second growing assembly (200) having a second growing medium (GM2).

FIG. 2 depicts one non-limiting embodiment of a farming superstructure system (FSS) including a first vertically stacked system (1500) including a plurality of vertically stacked growing assemblies (100, 200) integrated with a first and second vertical support structure (VSS1, VSS2) wherein the first growing assembly (100) is supported by a first horizontal support structure (SS1) and a second growing assembly (200) is supported by a second horizontal support structure (SS2).

FIG. 3 depicts one non-limiting embodiment of a plurality of vertically stacked systems (1500, 1500′) including a first vertically stacked system (1500) and a second vertically stacked system (1500′), the first vertically stacked system (1500) as depicted in FIG. 2, also both vertically stacked systems (1500, 1500′) are contained within an enclosure (ENC) having an interior (ENC1).

FIG. 4A depicts one non-limiting embodiment of FIG. 3 wherein the enclosure (ENC) is provided with a temperature control unit (TCU) including an air heat exchanger (HXA) that is configured to provide a temperature and/or humidity controlled air supply (Q3) to the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) which contains a plurality of vertically stacked systems (1500, 1500′).

FIG. 4B depicts one non-limiting embodiment of FIG. 1B and FIG. 4A wherein the enclosure (ENC) is provided with a temperature control unit (TCU) including an air heat exchanger (HXA) that is configured to provide a temperature and/or humidity controlled air supply (Q3) to the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) which contains a plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200).

FIG. 5A depicts one non-limiting embodiment of FIG. 4A wherein the temperature control unit (TCU) of FIG. 4A is contained within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) and coupled with a humidity control unit (HCU).

FIG. 5B depicts one non-limiting embodiment of FIG. 4B and FIG. 5A wherein the temperature control unit (TCU) of FIG. 4B is contained within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) and coupled with a humidity control unit (HCU).

FIG. 5C shows one non-limiting embodiment where the compressor (Q30) within the humidity control unit (HCU) is that of a thermal compressor (Q30) that accepts a source of steam.

FIG. 5D shows one non-limiting embodiment where the compressor (Q30) within the humidity control unit (HCU) is that of a thermal compressor (Q30) that accepts a source of steam.

FIG. 5E elaborates upon FIG. 5D and shows one non-limiting embodiment where the compressor (Q30) within the humidity control unit (HCU) is that of a thermal compressor (Q30) that accepts a source of heat, such as flue gas (FG1) FIG. 6 shows a front view of one embodiment of a plant growing module (PGM) provided inside of a cube container conforming to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) specifications.

FIG. 7 shows a top view of one embodiment of a plant growing module (PGM) provided inside of a cube container conforming to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) specifications.

FIG. 8 shows a first side view of one embodiment of a plant growing module (PGM).

FIG. 9 shows a front view of one embodiment of a liquid distribution module (LDM) provided inside of a cube container conforming to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) specifications and that is configured to provide a source of liquid to a plurality of plant growing modules (PGM).

FIG. 10 shows a top view of one embodiment of a liquid distribution module (LDM) provided inside of a cube container conforming to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) specifications and that is configured to provide a source of liquid to a plurality of plant growing modules (PGM).

FIG. 11 shows a first side view of one embodiment of a liquid distribution module (LDM).

FIG. 12 shows one non-limiting embodiment of a fabric (104) used in a growing assembly (100), the fabric (104) having a multi-point temperature sensor (MPT100) connected thereto for measuring temperatures at various lengths along the sensor's length.

FIG. 13 shows another one non-limiting embodiment of a fabric (104) used in a growing assembly (100).

FIG. 14 depicts a computer (COMP) that is configured to input and output signals listed in FIGS. 1-13.

FIG. 15 shows a trimmer (TR) that is configured to trim at least a portion of Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) that was growing in each growing assembly (100, 200).

FIG. 16 shows a grinder (GR) that is configured to grind at least a portion of Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) that was growing in each growing assembly (100, 200).

FIG. 17 shows a heater (HTR1) that is configured to heat at least a portion of Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) that was growing in each growing assembly (100, 200).

FIG. 17A shows one non-limiting embodiment of a volatiles extraction system (VES) that is configured to extract volatiles from cannabis (107, 207) with a first solvent (SOLV1).

FIG. 17B shows a plurality of volatiles extraction systems (VES1, VES2) equipped with one first solvent separation system (SSS).

FIG. 17C shows a volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS) that is configured to mix the volatiles (VOLT) with a second solvent (SOLV2).

FIG. 17D shows a second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) that is configured to separate at least a portion of the second solvent (SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) to produce concentrated volatiles (CVOLT).

FIG. 17E shows one non-limiting embodiment of a solvent separation system that is configured to evaporator the second solvent from the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) by use of a spray dryer (KAP).

FIG. 17E-1 shows one non-limiting embodiment of a co-current type of spray dryer (KAP) that may be used with the solvent separation system described in FIG. 17E.

FIG. 17E-2 shows one non-limiting embodiment of a counter-current type of spray dryer (KAP) that may be used with the solvent separation system described in FIG. 17E.

FIG. 17E-3 shows another non-limiting embodiment of a counter-current type of spray dryer (KAP) that may be used with the solvent separation system described in FIG. 17E.

FIG. 17E-4 shows one non-limiting embodiment of a mixed-flow type of spray dryer (KAP) that may be used with the solvent separation system described in FIG. 17E.

FIG. 17F shows a power production system (PPS) that is configured to generate electricity, heat, or steam for use in the farming superstructure system (FSS).

FIG. 17G shows one non-limiting embodiment of a carbon dioxide removal system (GAE) that is configured to remove carbon dioxide from flue gas (LFP) for use as a source of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the farming superstructure system (FSS).

FIG. 18 shows a simplistic diagram illustrating a multifunctional composition mixing module that is configured to generate a multifunctional composition from at least a portion of Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) that was harvested from each growing assembly (100, 200).

FIG. 19 illustrates a single fully-grown Grass Weedly Junior plant.

FIG. 20 illustrates zoomed-in view of a budding or flowering plant.

FIG. 21 illustrates a single leaf of Grass Weedly Junior.

FIG. 22 illustrates a trimmed and dried bud (reproductive structure) of Grass Weedly Junior.

FIG. 23 shows a cannabis cloning assembly (CA) that is configured to clone Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) that were growing in each growing assembly (100, 200).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to various embodiments of the disclosure. Each embodiment is provided by way of explanation of the disclosure, not limitation of the disclosure. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made in the disclosure without departing from the teaching and scope thereof. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment to yield a still further embodiment derived from the teaching of the disclosure. Thus, it is intended that the disclosure or content of the claims cover such derivative modifications and variations to come within the scope of the disclosure or claimed embodiments described herein and their equivalents.

Additional objects and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the claims. The objects and advantages of the disclosure will be attained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations and variations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

FIG. 1A

FIG. 1A depicts one non-limiting embodiment of a farming superstructure system (FSS) including a first water treatment unit (A1), a second water treatment unit (A2), a third water treatment unit (A3), a common reservoir (500), a pump (P1), a plurality of vertically stacked growing assemblies (100, 200), a fabric (104, 204) that partitions each growing assembly (100, 200) into an upper-section (105, 205) and a lower-section (106, 206), a plurality of lights (L1, L2) positioned within the upper-section (105, 205) of each growing assembly, a carbon dioxide tank (CO2T), a plurality of fans (FN1, FN2), a plurality of liquid supply conduits (113, 213), a liquid supply header (300), at least one filter (F1, F2), a plurality of valves (V1, V3, V4), a drain port (110, 210), and a computer (COMP).

FIG. 1A discloses a farming superstructure system (FSS). The farming superstructure system (FSS) includes a first growing assembly (100) and a second growing assembly (200) in fluid communication with a common reservoir (500). The common reservoir (500) is provided with a water supply (01) via a water supply conduit (02) and a first water inlet (03). A plurality of water treatment units (A1, A2, A2), along with a contaminant depleted water valve (V0A), and a water heat exchanger (HX1) may be installed on the water supply conduit (02).

A first water treatment unit (A1) may be installed on the water supply conduit (02). The first water treatment unit (A1) has a first input (04) and a first output (05). A water supply (01) may be provided to the first water treatment unit (A1) via a first input (04). Contaminants may be removed by the first water treatment unit (A1) to produce a first contaminant depleted water (06) that is discharged via a first output (05). In embodiments, the first water treatment unit (A1) includes a cation and is configured to remove positively charged ions from water to form a positively charged ion depleted water (06A). The “positively charged ions” include of one or more from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and iron. In embodiments, the first contaminant depleted water (06) may be a positively charged ion depleted water (06A). In embodiments, the first water treatment unit (A1) may include a cation, an anion, a membrane, filter, activated carbon, adsorbent, or absorbent. In embodiments, an activated carbon bed may be used to remove chlorine from the water.

A second water treatment unit (A2) may be installed on the water supply conduit (02) after the first water treatment unit (A1). The second water treatment unit (A2) may include a second input (07) and a second output (08). The first contaminant depleted water (06) may be provided to the second water treatment unit (A2) via a second input (07). The first contaminant depleted water (06) may be provided to the second water treatment unit (A2) from the first output (05) of the first water treatment unit (A1). In embodiments, the positively charged ion depleted water (06A) may be provided to the second water treatment unit (A2) via a second input (07). Contaminants may be removed by the second water treatment unit (A2) to produce a second contaminant depleted water (09) that is discharged via a second output (08). In embodiments, the second water treatment unit (A2) includes an anion that is configured to remove negatively charged ions from the positively charged ion depleted water (06A) to form a negatively charged ion depleted water (09A). The “negatively charged ions” include one or more from the group consisting of iodine, chloride, and sulfate. In embodiments, the second contaminant depleted water (09) may be a negatively charged ion depleted water (09A). In embodiments, the second water treatment unit (A2) may include a cation, an anion, a membrane, filter, activated carbon, adsorbent, or absorbent.

A third water treatment unit (A3) may be installed on the water supply conduit (02) after the second water treatment unit (A2). The third water treatment unit (A3) may include a third input (10) and a third output (11). The second contaminant depleted water (09) may be provided to the third water treatment unit (A3) via a third input (10). The second contaminant depleted water (09) may be provided to the third water treatment unit (A3) from the second output (08) of the second water treatment unit (A2). In embodiments, the negatively charged ion depleted water (09A) may be provided to the third water treatment unit (A3) via a third input (10). Contaminants may be removed by the third water treatment unit (A3) to produce a third contaminant depleted water (12) that is discharged via a third output (11). In embodiments, the third water treatment unit (A3) includes a membrane that is configured to remove undesirable compounds from the negatively charged ion depleted water (09A) to form an undesirable compound depleted water (12A). The “undesirable compounds” include one or more from the group consisting of dissolved organic chemicals, viruses, bacteria, and particulates. In embodiments, the third contaminant depleted water (12) may be an undesirable compound depleted water (12A). In embodiments, the third water treatment unit (A3) may include a cation, an anion, a membrane, filter, activated carbon, adsorbent, or absorbent. In embodiments, the (10) the undesirable compounds depleted water (12A) has an electrical conductivity ranging from 0.10 microsiemens to 100 microsiemens.

In embodiments, the first water treatment unit (A1) containing a cation may be a disposable cartridge, portable tank, cylindrical vessel, automatic unit, or a continuous unit. In embodiments, the second water treatment unit (A2) containing an anion may be a disposable cartridge, portable tank, cylindrical vessel, automatic unit, or a continuous unit. In embodiments, the third water treatment unit (A3) containing a membrane may have: a diameter that ranges from 1 inch to 6 inches; and a pore size ranging from 0.0001 microns to 0.5 microns. The common reservoir (500) is configured to accept a portion of a contaminant depleted water (06A, 09A, 12A) from the at least one water treatment unit (A1, A2, A3). In embodiments, the water treatment units (A1, A2, A3) may be configured to remove solids from the water supply (01). In embodiments, a contaminant depleted water valve (V0A) is installed on the water supply conduit (02) to regulate the amount of water transferred to the common reservoir (500) through the water supply conduit (02) and first water inlet (03). The contaminant depleted water valve (V0A) is equipped with a controller (CV0A) which sends a signal (XV0A) to and from a computer (COMP). In embodiments, a water heat exchanger (HX1) is installed on the water supply conduit (02) to control the temperature of the water transferred to the common reservoir (500) through the water supply conduit (02) and first water inlet (03). In embodiments, the water heat exchanger (HX1) increases the temperature of the water supply (01) introduced to the common reservoir (500). In embodiments, the water heat exchanger (HX1) decreases the temperature of the water supply (01) introduced to the common reservoir (500). In embodiments, the water heat exchanger (HX1) is positioned in between the contaminant depleted water valve (V0A) and the water inlet (03) of the common reservoir (500). So, it is shown that water may be treated with a plurality of water treatment units (A1, A2, A3) before being introduced to the common reservoir (500).

In embodiments, the common reservoir (500) is comprised of metal, plastic, fiberglass, composite materials, or combinations thereof, or any other conceivable material that may contain a liquid within its interior. In embodiments, the common reservoir (500) is configured to accept a water supply (01) from the water supply conduit (02). In embodiments, the common reservoir (500) may be configured to accept any permutation or combination of a water supply (01) either a first contaminant depleted water (06), second contaminant depleted water (09), or third contaminant depleted water (12), that is heated or cooled or not heated or cooled. In embodiments, the common reservoir (500) may be configured to accept any permutation or combination of a water supply (01) either a positively charged ion depleted water (06A), negatively charged ion depleted water (09A), or undesirable compounds depleted water (12A) that is heated or cooled or not heated or cooled. In embodiments, the common reservoir (500) may be configured to accept any permutation or combination of a water supply (01) from any number of water treatment units (A1, A2, A3) that includes at least a cation, an anion, a membrane, a filter, activated carbon, adsorbent, or absorbent.

In embodiments, the common reservoir (500) is equipped with an upper level switch (LH) for detecting a high level and a lower level switch (LL) for detecting a lower level. The upper level switch (LH) is configured to output a signal (XLH) to the computer (COMP) when the upper level switch (LH) is triggered by a high level of liquid within the common reservoir (500). The lower level switch (LL) is configured to output a signal (XLL) to the computer (COMP) when the lower level switch (LL) is triggered by a low level of liquid within the common reservoir (500). In embodiments, when the lower level switch (LL) sends a signal (XLL) to the computer (COMP), the contaminant depleted water valve (V0A) is opened and introduces water into the common reservoir (500) until the upper level switch (LH) is triggered thus sending a signal (XLH) to the computer (COMP) to close the contaminant depleted water valve (V0A). This level control loop including the upper level switch (LH) for detecting a high level and a lower level switch (LL) for detecting a lower level may be coupled to the operation of the contaminant depleted water valve (V0A) for introducing a water supply (01) through the water supply conduit (02) and into the common reservoir (500) via the first water inlet (03).

In embodiments, a pump (P1) is configured to accept, pressurize, and transfer liquid within the common reservoir (500) into a plurality of vertically stacked growing assemblies (100, 200). In embodiments, the pump (P1) is configured to accept, pressurize, and transfer at least a portion of the undesirable compounds depleted water (12A) transferred from the common tank (500T) into a plurality of vertically stacked growing assemblies (100, 200). Each of the plurality of vertically stacked growing assemblies (100, 200) are positioned above the common reservoir (500).

The first growing assembly (100) has an interior (101), a top (102), a bottom (103), and a longitudinal axis (AX1) extending along a height direction of the first growing assembly (100). The first growing assembly (100) has a fabric (104) that partitions the first growing assembly (100) into an upper-section (105) close to the top (102) and a lower-section (106) close to the bottom (103). The fabric (104) is used to provide structure for Grass Weedly Junior (107) to root into. For purposes of simplicity, Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) may be referred to and is synonymous with the term cannabis (107, 207) for purposes of this disclosure. Obviously, the farming systems and methods disclosed herein pertain to any type of cannabis (107, 207) plant and not only limited to growing Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207). Growing Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) within the farming superstructure system (FSS) is merely a non-limiting example of any type of the cannabis (107, 207) that can be grown within the farming superstructure system (FSS). In fact, any type of plant (107, 207) may be grown using the farming systems and methods disclosed herein.

Cannabis (107) rooted in the fabric (104) have roots that grow downward and extend into the lower-section (106). The first growing assembly (100) is equipped with a plurality of lights (L1) positioned within the upper-section (105) above the fabric (104). Cannabis (107) rooted in the fabric (104) grow upward extending into the upper-section (105) towards the plurality of lights (L1). The plurality of lights (L1) are configured to be controlled by a computer (COMP) to operate at a wavelength ranging from 400 nm to 700 nm. In embodiments, the lights (L1) have a controller (CL1) that sends a signal (XL1) to and from the computer (COMP). In embodiments, the lights (L1, L2) may be compact fluorescent (CFL), light emitting diode (LED), incandescent lights, fluorescent lights, or halogen lights. In embodiments, light emitting diodes are preferred.

In embodiments, a first plurality of lights (L1) in the first growing assembly (100) include a first plurality of light emitting diodes (LED). In embodiments, the first plurality of light emitting diodes (LED) include blue LEDs (BLED), red LEDS (RLED), and/or green LEDS (GLED). In embodiments, the first plurality of light emitting diodes (LED) in the first growing assembly (100) include one or two or more from the group consisting of blue LEDs (BLED), red LEDS (RLED), and green LEDS (GLED).

In embodiments, a second plurality of lights (L2) in the second growing assembly (200) include a second plurality of light emitting diodes (LED′). In embodiments, the second plurality of light emitting diodes (LED′) include blue LEDs (BLED′), red LEDS (RLED′), and/or green LEDS (GLED′). In embodiments, the second plurality of light emitting diodes (LED′) in the second growing assembly (200) include one or two or more from the group consisting of blue LEDs (BLED′), red LEDS (RLED′), and green LEDS (GLED′).

In embodiments, the blue LEDs (BLED, BLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges from 490 nanometers (nm) to 455 nm. In embodiments, the red LEDs (RLED, RLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges from 620 nm to 780 nm. In embodiments, the green LEDs (GLED, GLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges from 490 nm to 577 nm. In embodiments, the plurality of light emitting diodes (LED) are configured to be controlled by a computer (COMP) to operate at a wavelength ranging from 490 nm to 780 nm. In embodiments, the plurality of light emitting diodes (LED) are configured to be controlled by a computer (COMP) to operate at a wavelength ranging from 400 nm to 700 nm.

In embodiments, the first plurality of light emitting diodes (LED) and second plurality of light emitting diodes (LED″) are configured to operate in the following manner:

-   -   (a) illuminating plants with blue LEDs (BLED, BLED) and red LEDs         (RLED, RLED); and     -   (b) illuminating the plants nanometers with green LEDs (GLED,         GLED);         wherein:     -   the blue LEDs (BLED, BLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges         from 490 nanometers to 455 nanometers;     -   the red LEDs (RLED, RLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges         from 620 nanometers to 780 nanometers;     -   the green LEDs (GLEDGLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges         from 490 nanometers to 577 nanometers.

In embodiments, the first plurality of light emitting diodes (LED) and second plurality of light emitting diodes (LED) are configured to operate in the following manner:

-   -   (a) providing:         -   (a1) a first growing assembly (100) having a first plurality             of light emitting diodes (LED), the first plurality of light             emitting diodes (LED) in the first growing assembly (100)             include blue LEDs (BLED), red LEDS (RLED), and green LEDS             (GLED);         -   (a2) a second growing assembly (200) having a second             plurality of light emitting diodes (LED), the second             plurality of light emitting diodes (LED′) in the second             growing assembly (200) include blue LEDs (BLED′), red LEDS             (RLED′), and green LEDS (GLED′);     -   (b) illuminating the interiors of the first growing assembly         (100) and second growing assembly (200) with green LEDs (GLED,         GLED′) and optionally with blue LEDs (BLED, BLED′) or red LEDs         (RLED, RLED′); and     -   (c) illuminating the interiors of the first growing assembly         (100) and second growing assembly (200) with blue LEDs (BLED,         BLED′) and red LEDs (RLED, RLED′); and         wherein:     -   the blue LEDs (BLED, BLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges         from 490 nanometers to 455 nanometers;     -   the red LEDs (RLED, RLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges         from 620 nanometers to 780 nanometers;     -   the green LEDs (GLED, GLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges         from 490 nanometers to 577 nanometers.         In embodiments, the disclosure provides for a farming method,         including:     -   (a) providing a farming superstructure system (FSS), including:         -   (a1) a first water treatment unit (A1) including a cation             configured to remove positively charged ions from water to             form a positively charged ion depleted water (06A), the             positively charged ions are comprised of one or more from             the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and             iron;         -   (a2) a second water treatment unit (A2) including an anion             configured to remove negatively charged ions from the             positively charged ion depleted water (06A) to form a             negatively charged ion depleted water (09A), the negatively             charged ions are comprised of one or more from the group             consisting of iodine, chloride, and sulfate;         -   (a3) a first growing assembly (100) having a first plurality             of light emitting diodes (LED), the first plurality of light             emitting diodes (LED) in the first growing assembly (100)             include blue LEDs (BLED) and red LEDS (RLED), and optionally             green LEDS (GLED);         -   (a4) a second growing assembly (200) having a second             plurality of light emitting diodes (LED′), the second             plurality of light emitting diodes (LED′) in the second             growing assembly (200) include blue LEDs (BLED′) and red             LEDS (RLED′), and optionally green LEDS (GLED′);     -   (b) providing a source of water;     -   (c) removing positively charged ions from the water of step (b)         to form a positively charged ion depleted water;     -   (d) removing negatively charged ions from the water after         step (c) to form a negatively charged ion depleted water;     -   (e) mixing the negatively charged ion depleted water after         step (d) with one or more from the group consisting of         macro-nutrients, micro-nutrients, and a pH adjustment to form a         liquid mixture;     -   (f) pressurizing the liquid mixture of step (e) to form a         pressurized liquid mixture;     -   (g) splitting the pressurized liquid mixture into a plurality of         pressurized liquid mixtures;     -   (h) transferring the plurality of pressurized liquid mixtures to         each growing assembly;     -   (i) illuminating the interiors of the first growing assembly         (100) and second growing assembly (200) with blue LEDs (BLED,         BLED′) and red LEDs (RLED, RLED′); and     -   (j) optionally illuminating the interiors of the first growing         assembly (100) and second growing assembly (200) with green LEDs         (GLED, GLED′);         wherein:     -   the blue LEDs (BLED, BLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges         from 490 nanometers to 455 nanometers;     -   the red LEDs (RLED, RLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges         from 620 nanometers to 780 nanometers;     -   the green LEDs (GLED, GLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges         from 490 nanometers to 577 nanometers;     -   the positively charged ions are comprised of one or more from         the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and iron;     -   the negatively charged ions are comprised of one or more from         the group consisting of iodine, chloride, and sulfate;     -   the macro-nutrients are comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,         magnesium, and sulfur;     -   the micro-nutrients are comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of iron, manganese, boron, molybdenum, copper, zinc,         sodium, chlorine, and silicon;     -   the pH adjustment solution is comprised of one or more from the         group consisting acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, potassium         hydroxide, sulfuric acid, organic acids, citric acid, and acetic         acid;     -   the blue LEDs (BLED, BLED′) or red LEDs (RLED, RLED′) illuminate         the interiors of the first growing assembly (100) and second         growing assembly (200) at an illumination on-off ratio ranging         from between 0.5 and 5, the illumination on-off ratio is defined         as the duration of time when the lights are on and illuminate in         hours divided by the subsequent duration of time when the lights         are off and are not illuminating in hours before the lights are         turned on again.

In embodiments, the disclosure provides for a farming method, including:

-   -   (a) providing a farming superstructure system (FSS), including:         -   (a1) a first growing assembly (100) having a first plurality             of light emitting diodes (LED), the first plurality of light             emitting diodes (LED) in the first growing assembly (100)             blue LEDs (BLED) and red LEDS (RLED), and optionally green             LEDS (GLED);         -   (a2) a second growing assembly (200) having a second             plurality of light emitting diodes (LED′), the second             plurality of light emitting diodes (LED′) in the second             growing assembly (200) include blue LEDs (BLED′) and red             LEDS (RLED′), and optionally green LEDS (GLED′);     -   (b) illuminating the interiors of the first growing assembly         (100) and second growing assembly (200) with blue LEDs (BLED,         BLED′) and red LEDs (RLED, RLED′); and     -   (c) optionally illuminating the interiors of the first growing         assembly (100) and second growing assembly (200) with green LEDs         (GLED, GLED′);         wherein:     -   the blue LEDs (BLED, BLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges         from 490 nanometers to 455 nanometers;     -   the red LEDs (RLED, RLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges         from 620 nanometers to 780 nanometers;     -   the green LEDs (GLED, GLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges         from 490 nanometers to 577 nanometers;     -   the blue LEDs (BLED, BLED′) or red LEDs (RLED, RLED′) illuminate         the interiors of the first growing assembly (100) and second         growing assembly (200) at an illumination on-off ratio ranging         from between 0.5 and 5, the illumination on-off ratio is defined         as the duration of time when the lights are on and illuminate in         hours divided by the subsequent duration of time when the lights         are off and are not illuminating in hours before the lights are         turned on again.         In embodiments, the disclosure provides for a farming method,         including:     -   (a) providing a farming superstructure system (FSS), including:         -   (a1) a first growing assembly (100) having a first plurality             of light emitting diodes (LED), the first plurality of light             emitting diodes (LED) in the first growing assembly (100)             blue LEDs (BLED) and red LEDS (RLED), and optionally green             LEDS (GLED);         -   (a2) a second growing assembly (200) having a second             plurality of light emitting diodes (LED′), the second             plurality of light emitting diodes (LED′) in the second             growing assembly (200) include blue LEDs (BLED′) and red             LEDS (RLED′), and optionally green LEDS (GLED′);         -   (a3) a carbon dioxide tank (CO2T), at least one carbon             dioxide valve (V8, V9, V10), the at least one carbon dioxide             valve (V8, V9, V10) is configured to take a pressure drop of             greater than 50 pounds per square inch, carbon dioxide is             made available to the first growing assembly (100) or second             growing assembly (200);     -   (b) illuminating the interiors of the first growing assembly         (100) and second growing assembly (200) with blue LEDs (BLED,         BLED′) and red LEDs (RLED, RLED′); and     -   (c) optionally illuminating the interiors of the first growing         assembly (100) and second growing assembly (200) with green LEDs         (GLED, GLED′);     -   (d) adjusting the carbon dioxide concentration within the first         growing assembly (100) or second growing assembly (200) to a         range between 400 parts per million and 20,000 parts per         million;         wherein:     -   the blue LEDs (BLED, BLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges         from 490 nanometers to 455 nanometers;     -   the red LEDs (RLED, RLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges         from 620 nanometers to 780 nanometers;     -   the green LEDs (GLED, GLED′) operate at a wavelength that ranges         from 490 nanometers to 577 nanometers;     -   the blue LEDs (BLED, BLED′) or red LEDs (RLED, RLED′) illuminate         the interiors of the first growing assembly (100) and second         growing assembly (200) at an illumination on-off ratio ranging         from between 0.5 and 5, the illumination on-off ratio is defined         as the duration of time when the lights are on and illuminate in         hours divided by the subsequent duration of time when the lights         are off and are not illuminating in hours before the lights are         turned on again.

The second growing assembly (200) has an interior (201), a top (202), a bottom (203), and a longitudinal axis (AX2) extending along a height direction of the first growing assembly (200). The second growing assembly (200) has a fabric (204) that partitions the second growing assembly (200) into an upper-section (205) close to the top (202) and a lower-section (206) close to the bottom (203). The fabric (204) is used to provide structure for cannabis (207) to root into. Cannabis (207) rooted in the fabric (204) have roots that grow downward and extend into the lower-section (206). The second growing assembly (200) is equipped with a plurality of lights (L2) positioned within the upper-section (205) above the fabric (204). Cannabis (207) rooted in the fabric (204) grow upward extending into the upper-section (205) towards the plurality of lights (L2). The plurality of lights (L2) are configured to be controlled by a computer (COMP) to operate at a wavelength ranging from 400 nm to 700 nm. In embodiments, the lights (L2) have a controller (CL2) that sends a signal (XL2) to and from the computer (COMP).

In embodiments, the farming superstructure system (FSS) is equipped with a carbon dioxide tank (CO2T). The carbon dioxide tank (CO2T) contains pressurized carbon dioxide (CO2) and is equipped with a carbon dioxide pressure sensor (CO2P). A carbon dioxide supply header (CO2H) is connected to the carbon dioxide tank (CO2T). A first carbon dioxide supply valve (V10) is installed on the carbon dioxide supply header (CO2H) and is configured to take a pressure drop of greater than 50 pounds per square inch (PSI). The first growing assembly (100) is equipped with a CO2 input (115) that is connected to a CO2 supply conduit (116). The second growing assembly (200) is also equipped with a CO2 input (215) that is connected to a CO2 supply conduit (216).

The CO2 supply conduit (116) of the first growing assembly (100) is connected to the carbon dioxide supply header (CO2H) via a CO2 header connection (115X). The CO2 supply conduit (116) of the first growing assembly (100) is configured to transfer carbon dioxide into the first interior (101) of the first growing assembly (100). In embodiments, a second carbon dioxide supply valve (V8) is installed on the CO2 supply conduit (116) of the first growing assembly (100). The second carbon dioxide supply valve (V8) is equipped with a controller (CV8) that sends a signal (XV8) to and from a computer (COMP). In embodiments, a CO2 flow sensor (FC1) is installed on the CO2 supply conduit (116) of the first growing assembly (100). The CO2 flow sensor (FC1) sends a signal (XFC1) to the computer (COMP). In embodiments, a gas quality sensor (GC1) is installed on the first growing assembly (100) to monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide within the first interior (101). The gas quality sensor (GC1) is equipped to send a signal (XGC1) to the computer (COMP).

The CO2 supply conduit (216) of the second growing assembly (200) is connected to the carbon dioxide supply header (CO2H) via a CO2 header connection (215X). The CO2 supply conduit (216) of the second growing assembly (200) is configured to transfer carbon dioxide into the second interior (201) of the second growing assembly (100). In embodiments, a third carbon dioxide supply valve (V9) is installed on the CO2 supply conduit (216) of the second growing assembly (200). The third carbon dioxide supply valve (V9) is equipped with a controller (CV9) that sends a signal (XV9) to and from a computer (COMP). In embodiments, a CO2 flow sensor (FC2) is installed on the CO2 supply conduit (216) of the second growing assembly (200). The CO2 flow sensor (FC2) sends a signal (XFC2) to the computer (COMP). In embodiments, a gas quality sensor (GC2) is installed on the second growing assembly (200) to monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide within the second interior (201). The gas quality sensor (GC2) is equipped to send a signal (XGC2) to the computer (COMP).

In embodiments, the carbon dioxide concentration in the upper-section (105, 205) of each growing assembly ranges from between greater than 400 parts per million to 30,000 parts per million. In embodiments, the gas quality sensor (GC2) is equipped to send a signal (XGC2) to the computer (COMP) to operate the first, second, or third carbon dioxide supply valves (V10, V8, V9).

At least one fan (FN1) is positioned in the upper-section (105) of the first growing assembly (100). The fan (FN1) is configured to blow air onto the cannabis (107). The fan (FN1) is configured to distribute a mixture of air and CO2 onto the cannabis (107). The fan (FN1) is equipped with a controller (CF1) that sends a signal (XF1) to and from a computer (COMP).

A plurality of fans (FN2) are positioned in the upper-section (205) of the second growing assembly (200). The fans (FN2) are configured to blow air onto the cannabis (207). In embodiments, the fans blow air and the air is comprised of a gas, vapor, and solid particulates. In embodiments, the gas within air may be oxygen, carbon dioxide, or nitrogen. In embodiments, the vapor within the air may be water vapor. In embodiments, the solid particulates within air may be dust, dirt, or pollen. The fans (FN2) are configured to distribute a mixture of air and CO2 onto the cannabis (207). The fans (FN2) are equipped with a controller (CF2) that sends a signal (XF2) to and from a computer (COMP). Each of the fans (FN1, FN2) is configured to operate at a RPM less than 6,000 RPM. In embodiments, it is preferred to operate the fans (FN1, FN2) at a RPM less than 6,000 so that the velocity of air blown onto the cannabis ranges from 0.5 feet per second to 50 feet per second.

The first growing assembly (100) is equipped with a temperature sensor (T1) to monitor the temperature within the first interior (101). The temperature sensor (T1) is configured to send a signal (XT1) to the computer (COMP). In embodiments, the temperature sensor (T1) may be a multi-point temperature sensor (MPT100) that is connected to the fabric (104) for measuring temperatures at various lengths along the sensor's length and long the length of the fabric (104), as depicted in FIGS. 12 and 13.

The second growing assembly (200) is equipped with a temperature sensor (T2) to monitor the temperature within the second interior (201). The temperature sensor (T2) is configured to send a signal (XT2) to the computer (COMP). In embodiments, the temperature sensor (T2) may be a multi-point temperature sensor (MPT100) that is connected to the fabric (204) for measuring temperatures at various lengths along the sensor's length and long the length of the fabric (204), as depicted in FIGS. 12 and 13.

In embodiments, each growing assembly (100, 200) is equipped with an upper temperature sensor (T1C, T2C) positioned within the upper-section (105, 205), a partition temperature sensor (T1B, T2B) positioned at the fabric (104), and a lower temperature sensor (T1A, T2A) positioned within the lower-section (106, 206). Preferably the partition temperature sensor (T1B) is a multi-point temperature sensor (MPT100) that is integrated with the fabric (104) as disclosed in FIGS. 12 and 13.

In embodiments, the upper temperature sensor (T1C, T2C) is configured to input a signal (XT1C, XT2C) (not shown) to the computer (COMP). In embodiments, the partition temperature sensor (T1B, T2B) is configured to input a signal (XT1B, XT2B) (not shown) to the computer (COMP). In embodiments, the lower temperature sensor (T1A, T2B) is configured to input a signal (XT1A, XT2A) (not shown) to the computer (COMP). In embodiments, during the day-time, the upper-section (105, 205) has a temperature that is greater than the temperature within lower-section (106, 206). In embodiments, during the night-time, the upper-section (105, 205) has a temperature that is less than the temperature within the lower-section (106, 206).

A first liquid distributor (108) is positioned in the lower-section (106) of the first growing assembly (100) below the fabric (104) and equipped with a plurality of restrictions (109) installed thereon. In embodiments, the restrictions (109) of the first liquid distributor (108) are spray nozzles, spray balls, or apertures. Each restriction (109) is configured to accept pressurized liquid from the pump (P1) and introduce the liquid into the lower-section (106) of the first growing assembly (100) while reducing the pressure of the liquid that passes through each restriction (109). The first liquid distributor (108) is connected to a first liquid supply conduit (113) via a liquid input (114). The first liquid distributor (108) is configured to receive liquid from a first liquid supply conduit (113).

A second liquid distributor (208) is positioned in the lower-section (206) of the second growing assembly (200) below the fabric (204) and equipped with a plurality of restrictions (209) installed thereon. In embodiments, the restrictions (209) of the second liquid distributor (208) are spray nozzles, spray balls, or apertures. Each restriction (209) is configured to accept pressurized liquid from the pump (P1) and introduce the liquid into the lower-section (206) of the second growing assembly (200) while reducing the pressure of the liquid that passes through each restriction (209). The second liquid distributor (208) is connected to a second liquid supply conduit (213) via a liquid input (214). The second liquid distributor (208) is configured to receive liquid from a second liquid supply conduit (213).

The first liquid supply conduit (113) is connected to a liquid supply header (300) via a first connection (X1). The second liquid supply conduit (213) is connected to a liquid supply header (300) via a second connection (X2). The liquid supply header (300) is connected to the pump discharge conduit (304). In embodiments, the liquid supply header (300) has a diameter (D1) that is greater than both the first smaller diameter (D2) of the first liquid supply conduit (113) and the second smaller diameter (D3) of the second liquid supply conduit (213). A first reducer (R1) may be positioned on the first liquid supply conduit (113) in between the first connection (X1) to the liquid supply header (300) and the liquid input (114) to the first growing assembly (100). A second reducer (R2) may be positioned on the second liquid supply conduit (213) in between the second connection (X2) to the liquid supply header (300) and the liquid input (214) to the second growing assembly (200).

A first growing assembly liquid supply valve (V3) may be positioned on the first liquid supply conduit (113) in between the liquid supply header (300) and the first growing assembly (100). The first growing assembly liquid supply valve (V3) has a controller (CV3) that is configured to input and output a signal (XV3) to or from the computer (COMP). A second growing assembly liquid supply valve (V4) may be positioned on the second liquid supply conduit (213) in between the liquid supply header (300) and the second growing assembly (200). The second growing assembly liquid supply valve (V4) has a controller (CV4) that is configured to input and output a signal (XV4) to or from the computer (COMP).

A back-flow prevention valve (BF1) may be positioned on the first liquid supply conduit (113) in between the liquid supply header (300) and the first growing assembly (100). FIG. 1A shows the back-flow prevention valve (BF1) positioned in between the first growing assembly liquid supply valve (V3) and the first growing assembly (100). A back-flow prevention valve (BF2) may be positioned on the second liquid supply conduit (213) in between the liquid supply header (300) and the second growing assembly (200). FIG. 1A shows the back-flow prevention valve (BF2) positioned in between the second growing assembly liquid supply valve (V4) and the second growing assembly (200).

A second oxygen emitter (EZ2) may be positioned on the first liquid supply conduit (113) in between the liquid supply header (300) and the first growing assembly (200). The second oxygen emitter (EZ2) is configured to oxygenate a portion of the liquid that flows through the first liquid supply conduit (113). The second oxygen emitter (EZ2) inputs signal (XEZ3) from a computer (COMP). A third oxygen emitter (EZ3) may be positioned on the second liquid supply conduit (213) in between the liquid supply header (300) and the second growing assembly (200). The third oxygen emitter (EZ3) is configured to oxygenate a portion of the liquid that flows through the second liquid supply conduit (213). The third oxygen emitter (EZ3) inputs signal (XEZ3) from a computer (COMP).

In embodiments, the oxygen emitter is an electrolytic cell configured to produce oxygenated water. In embodiments, oxygenated water produced by the electrolytic cell may have microbubbles and nanobubbles of oxygen suspended within it. In embodiments, the oxygen emitter is an electrolytic cell which generates microbubbles and nanobubbles of oxygen in a liquid, which bubbles are too small to break the surface tension of the liquid, resulting in a liquid that is supersaturated with oxygen. “Supersaturated” means oxygen at a higher concentration than normal calculated oxygen solubility at a particular temperature and pressure. In embodiments, the very small oxygen bubbles remain suspended in the liquid, forming a solution supersaturated in oxygen. The use of supersaturated or oxygenated water for enhancing the growth of cannabis may be incorporated into the FSS. Electrolytic generation of microbubbles or nanobubbles of oxygen for increasing the oxygen content of flowing liquid may be incorporated into the FSS. In embodiments, the production of oxygen and hydrogen by the electrolysis of water may be used to enhance the efficiency of the FSS.

In embodiments, an electrolytic cell is comprised of an anode and a cathode. A current is applied across an anode and a cathode of the electrolytic cell which are immersed in a liquid. Hydrogen gas is produced at the cathode and oxygen gas is produced at the anode. In embodiments, the electrolytic cell tends to deactivate and have a limited life if exposed to the positively charged ions, negatively charged ions, or undesirable compounds. Therefore, a sophisticated water treatment unit is needed for the electrolytic cell to work properly deactivate by unpredictable amounts of positively charged ions, remove negatively charged ions, or undesirable components. The roots of the cannabis in the lower section (106, 206) are healthier when contacted with an oxygenated liquid. Further, oxygenated and/or supersaturated water inhibits the growth of deleterious fungi on the fabric (104, 204). In embodiments, the oxygen emitter may be a sparger for increasing the oxygen content of a liquid by sparging with air or oxygen. In embodiments, the oxygen emitter may be a microbubble generator that achieves a bubble size of about 0.10 millimeters to about 3 millimeters in diameter. In embodiments, the oxygen emitter may be a microbubble generator for producing microbubbles, ranging in size from 0.1 to 100 microns in diameter, by forcing air into the fluid at high pressure through an orifice.

The common reservoir (500) is configured to accept a water supply (01). In embodiments, the common reservoir (500) is configured to accept a water supply (01) that has passed through one or more water treatment units (A1, A2, A3). In embodiments, the common reservoir (500) is configured to accept a portion of the undesirable compounds depleted water (12A).

The common reservoir (500) is configured to accept macro-nutrients (601) from a macro-nutrient supply tank (600), micro-nutrients (701) from a micro-nutrient supply tank (700), and a pH adjustment solution (801) from a pH adjustment solution supply tank (800). In embodiments, the macro-nutrients (601) include one or more from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. In embodiments, the micro-nutrients (701) include one or more from the group consisting of iron, manganese, boron, molybdenum, copper, zinc, sodium, chlorine, and silicon. In embodiments, the pH adjustment solution (801) includes one or more from the group consisting acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, potassium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, organic acids, citric acid, and acetic acid.

In embodiments, the macro-nutrient supply tank (600) is connected to the common reservoir (500) via a macro-nutrient transfer conduit (602) and a macro-nutrient reservoir input (Z1). A macro-nutrient supply valve (V5) is installed on the macro-nutrient transfer conduit (602). The macro-nutrient supply valve (V5) is equipped with a controller (CV5) that inputs and outputs a signal (XV5) to and from the computer (COMP). A macro-nutrient flow sensor (F5) is installed on the macro-nutrient transfer conduit (602) and configured to output a signal (XF5) to or from a computer (COMP). Macro-nutrients (601) may be transferred to the interior of the common reservoir (500) via a macro-nutrient transfer conduit (602) by operation with a macro-nutrient supply tank (600) load cell (604) to measure the loss-in-mass of the macro-nutrients (601) within the macro-nutrient supply tank (600) or the macro-nutrient transfer conduit (602). Macro-nutrients (601) are introduced into the interior of the common reservoir (500) beneath the liquid level via a diptube (606).

In embodiments, the micro-nutrient supply tank (700) is connected to the common reservoir (500) via a micro-nutrient transfer conduit (702) and a micro-nutrient reservoir input (Z2). A micro-nutrient supply valve (V6) is installed on the micro-nutrient transfer conduit (702). The micro-nutrient supply valve (V6) is equipped with a controller (CV6) that inputs and outputs a signal (XV6) to and from the computer (COMP). A micro-nutrient flow sensor (F6) is installed on the micro-nutrient transfer conduit (702) and configured to output a signal (XF6) to or from a computer (COMP). Micro-nutrients (701) may be transferred to the interior of the common reservoir (500) via a micro-nutrient transfer conduit (702) by operation with a micro-nutrient supply tank (700) load cell (704) to measure the loss-in-mass of the micro-nutrients (701) within the micro-nutrient supply tank (700) or the micro-nutrient transfer conduit (702). Macro-nutrients (601) are introduced into the interior of the common reservoir (500) beneath the liquid level via a diptube (606) (not shown).

In embodiments, the pH adjustment solution supply tank (800) is connected to the common reservoir (500) via a pH adjustment solution transfer conduit (802) and a pH adjustment solution reservoir input (Z3). A pH adjustment solution supply valve (V8) is installed on the pH adjustment solution transfer conduit (802). The pH adjustment solution supply valve (V8) is equipped with a controller (CV8) that inputs and outputs a signal (XV8) to and from the computer (COMP). A pH adjustment solution flow sensor (F7) is installed on the pH adjustment solution transfer conduit (802) and configured to output a signal (XF7) to or from a computer (COMP). A pH adjustment solution (801) may be transferred to the interior of the common reservoir (500) via a pH adjustment solution transfer conduit (802) by operation with a pH adjustment solution supply tank (800) load cell (804) to measure the loss-in-mass of the pH adjustment solution (801) within the pH adjustment solution supply tank (800) or the pH adjustment solution transfer conduit (802). The pH adjustment solution (801) are introduced into the interior of the common reservoir (500) beneath the liquid level via a diptube (806) (not shown).

The common reservoir (500) is configured to accept liquid drained from each growing assembly (100, 200). The common reservoir (500) is configured to accept liquid drained from the first growing assembly (100). A drain port (110) is installed on the lower-section (106) of the first growing assembly (100) and is configured to drain liquid into a common reservoir (500) via a drain conduit (111). In embodiments, the first growing assembly (100) is connected to the common reservoir (500) via a drain conduit (111). The common reservoir (500) is configured to accept liquid drained from the second growing assembly (200). A drain port (210) is installed on the lower-section (206) of the second growing assembly (200) and is configured to drain liquid into a common reservoir (500) via a drain conduit (211). In embodiments, the second growing assembly (200) is connected to the common reservoir (500) via a drain conduit (211). It is preferable to drain liquid from each growing assembly at a velocity less than 3 feet per second.

In embodiments, the drain conduit (111) is connected at one end to the first growing assembly (100) via a drain port (110) and connected at another end to the common reservoir (500) via a common drain conduit (517). In embodiments, the drain conduit (211) is connected at one end to the second growing assembly (200) via a drain port (210) and connected at another end to the common reservoir (500) via a common drain conduit (517). The common drain conduit (517) is connected at one end to the common reservoir (500) via a drain input (518) and at another end to the first drain conduit (111) via a first drain connection (112). The common drain conduit (517) is connected at one end to the common reservoir (500) via a drain input (518) and at another end to the second drain conduit (211) via a second drain connection (212). In embodiments, the common drain conduit (517) is connected to both drain conduits (111, 211) from both growing assemblies (100, 200) and is configured to combine the liquid contents of both drain conduits (111, 211) prior to introducing them into the common reservoir (500). In embodiments, as shown in FIG. 8, there is no common drain conduit (517) and each drain conduit (111, 211) of the growing assemblies (100, 200) drains directly into the common reservoir (500).

The interior of the common reservoir (500) is configured to hold water, macro-nutrients (601), micro-nutrients (701) from a micro-nutrient supply tank (700), and a pH adjustment solution (801). In embodiments, the common reservoir (500) is equipped with a reservoir pH sensor (PH0) that is configured to input a signal (XPH0) to a computer (COMP). In embodiments, the acidity of the water is measured by the reservoir pH sensor (PH0) and adjusted to a desirable range from 5.15 to 6.75. In embodiments, the common reservoir (500) is equipped with a reservoir temperature sensor (T0) that is configured to input a signal (XT0) to a computer (COMP). In embodiments, the common reservoir (500) is equipped with a reservoir oxygen emitter (EZ) that is configured to input a signal (XEZ) to a computer (COMP). In embodiments, the common reservoir (500) is equipped with a reservoir electrical conductivity sensor (E1) that is configured to input a signal (XE1) to a computer (COMP).

In embodiments, the common reservoir (500) is equipped with a reservoir recirculation pump (P0) followed by a reservoir recirculation filter (F3) to remove solids from the common reservoir (500). In embodiments, the common reservoir (500) is equipped with a reservoir heat exchanger (HX2) to maintain a temperature of the liquid contents within the common reservoir (500). In embodiments, the common reservoir (500) is equipped with a reservoir recirculation pump (P0) followed by a reservoir heat exchanger (HX2) to maintain a temperature of the liquid contents within the common reservoir (500). The common reservoir (500) has a reservoir recirculation outlet (510) that is connected to a reservoir recirculation pump suction conduit (512). The reservoir recirculation pump suction conduit (512) is connected to a reservoir recirculation pump (P0). The reservoir recirculation pump (P0) is connected to a reservoir recirculation pump discharge conduit (514) that transfers liquid back to the common reservoir (500) via a reservoir recirculation inlet (516). In embodiments, a reservoir recirculation filter (F3) is installed on the reservoir recirculation pump discharge conduit (514). In embodiments, a reservoir heat exchanger (HX2) is installed on the reservoir recirculation pump discharge conduit (514). In embodiments, a reservoir heat exchanger (HX2) is installed on the reservoir recirculation pump discharge conduit (514) after the reservoir recirculation filter (F3). In embodiments, the reservoir heat exchanger (HX2) may increase the temperature of the liquid passing through it. In embodiments, the reservoir heat exchanger (HX2) may decrease the temperature of the liquid passing through it.

The common reservoir (500) is connected to a pump (P1) via a pump suction conduit (303). The pump suction conduit (303) is connected at one end to the common reservoir (500) via a reservoir transfer outlet (302) and connected at the other end to the pump (P1). The pump (P1) is equipped with a motor (MP1) and a controller (CP1) which is configured to input and output a signal (XP1) to and from a computer (COMP). A pump discharge conduit (304) is connected to the pump (P1). The liquid supply header (300) may be synonymous with the pump discharge conduit (304) in that they both accept a portion of pressurized liquid that was provided by the pump (P1).

In embodiments, a pressure tank (PT) is installed on the pump discharge conduit (304). In embodiments, the pressure tank (PT) may be pressurized by the pump (P1). The pressure tank (PT) serves as a pressure storage reservoir in which a liquid is held under pressure. The pressure tank (PT) enables the system to respond more quickly to a temporary demand, and to smooth out pulsations created by the pump (P1). In embodiments, the pressure tank (PT) serves as accumulator to relieve the pump (P1) from constantly operating. In embodiments, the pressure tank (PT) is a cylindrical tank rated for a maximum pressure of 200 PSI or 600 PSI. In embodiments, the pressure tank (PT) is a cylindrical tank that has a length to diameter ratio ranging from 1.25 to 2.5.

A level control discharge conduit (310) is connected to the pump discharge conduit (304) via a connection (311). The level control discharge conduit (310) is configured to pump the contents of the common reservoir (500) away from the system for any number of reasons. Clean-out, replenishing the liquid within the common reservoir (500) or to bleed off some of the liquid contents within may be some purposes for utilizing the level control discharge conduit (310). A filter (F4) is installed on the level control discharge conduit (310). A level control valve (LCV) is installed on the level control discharge conduit (310) and is equipped with a controller (CCV) that sends a signal (XCV) to or from the computer (COMP). The filter (F4) preferably is installed upstream of the level control valve (LCV) to that solids do not clog the level control valve (LCV). Preferably the connection (311) for the level control discharge conduit (310) is connected as close as possible to the pump (P1) on the pump discharge conduit (304) so that if the filters (F1, F2) on the pump discharge conduit (304) clog, there is still a way to drain liquid from the system. A waste treatment unit (312) may be placed on the level control discharge conduit (310) to destroy any organic molecules, waste, bacteria, protozoa, helminths, or viruses that may be present in the liquid. In embodiments, the waste treatment unit (312) is an ozone unit (313) configured to destroy organic molecules, waste, bacteria, protozoa, helminths, or viruses via oxidation.

At least one filter (F1, F2) may be installed on the pump discharge conduit (304). FIG. 1A shows two filters (F1, F2) configured to operate in a cyclic-batch mode where when one is on-line in a first mode of normal operation, the other is off-line and undergoing a back-flush cycle in a second mode of operation. This is depicted in FIG. 1A wherein the first filter (F1) is on-line and filtering the liquid discharged from the pump (P1) while the second filter (F2) is off-line. The first filter (F1) is shown to have a first filter inlet valve (FV1) and a first filter outlet valve (FV2) both of which are open in FIG. 1. The second filter (F2) is shown to have a second filter inlet valve (FV3) and a second filter outlet valve (FV4) both of which are shown in the closed position as indicted by darkened-in color of the valves (FV3, FV4). The second filter (F2) is shown in the back-flush mode of operation while the first filter (F1) is shown in the normal mode of operation. While in the back-flush mode of operation, the second filter (F2) is shown accepting a source of liquid from the common reservoir (500) via a filter back-flush supply conduit (306).

The common reservoir (500) is equipped with a filter back-flush outlet (307) that is connected to a filter back-flush supply conduit (306). The filter back-flush supply conduit (306) is connected at one end to the common reservoir (500) via a filter back-flush outlet (307) and at another end to the filter back-flush pump (308). The filter back-flush pump (308) is connected to the filter back-flush discharge conduit (309). The filter back-flush discharge conduit (309) has a filter back-flush supply valve (FV5) installed thereon to provide pressurized liquid from the common reservoir (500) to the second filter (F2) operating in the second mode of back-flush operation. The filter back-flush supply valve (FV5) provides liquid to the second filter in between the second filter outlet valve (FV4) and the second filter (F2) to back-flush the second filter (F2). A filter back-flush discharge valve (FV6) is provided in between the second filter and the second filter inlet valve (FV3) to flush solids that have accumulated during the first mode of normal operation.

A filter inlet pressure sensor (P2) is installed on the pump discharge conduit (304) before the filters (F1, F2). The filter inlet pressure sensor (P2) is configured to output a signal (XP2) to the computer (COMP). A filter discharge pressure sensor (P3) is installed on the pump discharge conduit (304) after the filters (F1, F2). The filter discharge pressure sensor (P2) is configured to output a signal (XP3) to the computer (COMP). Then the pressure drop across the filters (F1, F2) reached a threshold predetermined value, the filters (F1, F2) switch modes of operation from first to second and from second to first.

A first oxygen emitter (EZ1) is installed on the pump discharge conduit (304). In embodiments, the first oxygen emitter (EZ1) is installed on the pump discharge conduit (304) after the filters (F1, F2). The first oxygen emitter (EZ1) is configured to output a signal (XEZ1) to the computer (COMP). The first oxygen emitter (EZ1) oxygenates the water passing through the pump discharge conduit (304).

A liquid flow sensor (F0) is installed on the pump discharge conduit (304) after the filters (F1, F2). The liquid flow sensor (F0) is configured to output a signal (XF0) to the computer (COMP). The liquid flow sensor (F0) measures the flow rate of water passing through the pump discharge conduit (304).

A growing assembly liquid supply valve (V1) is installed on the pump discharge conduit (304). In embodiments, the growing assembly liquid supply valve (V1) is installed on the pump discharge conduit (304) after the filters (F1, F2). The growing assembly liquid supply valve (V1) is equipped with a controller (CV1) that sends a signal (XV1) to or from a computer (COMP).

An electrical conductivity sensor (E2) is installed on the pump discharge conduit (304). In embodiments, the electrical conductivity sensor (E2) is installed on the pump discharge conduit (304) after the filters (F1, F2). The electrical conductivity sensor (E2) is configured to output a signal (XE2) to the computer (COMP). The electrical conductivity sensor (E2) measures the electrical conductivity of the water passing through the pump discharge conduit (304).

A liquid heat exchanger (HX3) is installed on the pump discharge conduit (304). In embodiments, the liquid heat exchanger (HX3) is installed on the pump discharge conduit (304) after the filters (F1, F2). The liquid heat exchanger (HX3) is configured increase or decrease the temperature of the water passing through the pump discharge conduit—(304).

A liquid temperature sensor (T3) is installed on the pump discharge conduit (304). In embodiments, the liquid temperature sensor (T3) is installed on the pump discharge conduit (304) after the filters (F1, F2). In embodiments, the liquid temperature sensor (T3) is installed on the pump discharge conduit (304) after the liquid heat exchanger (HX3). The liquid temperature sensor (T3) is configured to input a signal (XT3) to the computer (COMP).

In embodiments, the growing assembly liquid supply valve (V1), first growing assembly liquid supply valve (V3), and/or the second growing assembly liquid supply valve (V4), may continuously be open to permit a continuous flow of liquid into the growing assemblies (100, 200). In embodiments, the growing assembly liquid supply valve (V1), first growing assembly liquid supply valve (V3), and/or second growing assembly liquid supply valve (V4), may be opened and closed by their controllers (CV1, CV3, CV4) and operated by a computer (COMP). In embodiments, the growing assembly liquid supply valve (V1), first growing assembly liquid supply valve (V3), and/or second growing assembly liquid supply valve (V4), may be opened and closed by their controllers (CV1, CV3, CV4) and operated by a computer (COMP) on a timer.

It is preferred to have the valves (V1, V3, V4) operated in a plurality of modes of operation. In embodiments, a first mode of operation includes having the growing assembly liquid supply valve (V1), first growing assembly liquid supply valve (V3), second growing assembly liquid supply valve (V4), all in an open valve position to transfer liquid from the common reservoir (500) into the growing assemblies (100, 200). In embodiments, a second mode of operation includes having the growing assembly liquid supply valve (V1) open, first growing assembly liquid supply valve (V3) closed, and second growing assembly liquid supply valve (V4) closed, to stop the transfer liquid to the growing assemblies (100, 200). In embodiments, a third mode of operation includes having the growing assembly liquid supply valve (V1) open, first growing assembly liquid supply valve (V3) open, second growing assembly liquid supply valve (V4) closed, to transfer liquid to the first growing assembly (100) and not into the second growing assembly (200). In embodiments, a fourth mode of operation includes having the growing assembly liquid supply valve (V1) open, first growing assembly liquid supply valve (V3) closed, second growing assembly liquid supply valve (V4) open, to transfer liquid to the second growing assembly (200) and not into the first growing assembly (100).

In embodiments, the farming superstructure system (FSS) is operated in a manner that switches from one mode of operation to another mode of operation. In embodiments, the farming superstructure system (FSS) is operated in a manner that switches on a cyclical basis from: a first mode of operation to the second mode of operation; a second mode of operation to the first mode of operation. In embodiments, the farming superstructure system (FSS) is operated in a manner that switches on a cyclical basis from: a third mode of operation to the fourth mode of operation; a fourth mode of operation to the third mode of operation. It is preferred to turn on and off at least one of the valves (V1, V3, V4) in a cyclical manner to permit to prevent the roots of the cannabis from receiving too much mist or spray.

In embodiments, the first mode of operation lasts for 5 seconds open followed by the second mode of operation lasting for 600 seconds closed. In embodiments, the third mode of operation lasts for 5 seconds open followed by the fourth mode of operation lasting for 600 seconds closed. In embodiments, water is transferred to the first growing assembly (100) for 5 seconds followed by not transferring water to the first growing assembly (100) for 600 seconds. In embodiments, water is transferred to the second growing assembly (200) for 5 seconds followed by not transferring water to the second growing assembly (200) for 600 seconds. In embodiments, water is transferred to both the first and second growing assemblies (100, 200) for 5 seconds followed by not transferring water to both the first and second growing assemblies (100, 200) for 600 seconds. 5 divided by 600 is 0.008.

In embodiments, the first mode of operation lasts for 60 seconds open followed by the second mode of operation lasting for 180 seconds closed. In embodiments, the third mode of operation lasts for 60 seconds open followed by the fourth mode of operation lasting for 180 seconds closed. In embodiments, water is transferred to the first growing assembly (100) for 60 seconds followed by not transferring water to the first growing assembly (100) for 180 seconds. In embodiments, water is transferred to the second growing assembly (200) for 60 seconds followed by not transferring water to the second growing assembly (200) for 180 seconds. 60 divided by 180 is 0.333.

The duration of time when liquid is transferred to at least one growing assembly (100, 200) divided by the duration of time when liquid is not transferred to at least one growing assembly (100, 200) may be considered an open-close ratio. The open-close ratio may be the duration of time when at least one valve (V1, V3, V4) is open in seconds divided by the subsequent duration of time when the same valve is closed in seconds before the same valve opens again. In embodiments, the open-close ratio ranges from between 0.008 to 0.33. In embodiments, the computer (COMP) opens and closes the valve (V1, V3, V4) to periodically introduce the pressurized liquid mixture into to each growing assembly with an open-close ratio ranging from between 0.008 to 0.33, the open-close ratio is defined as the duration of time when the valve (V1, V3, V4) is open in seconds divided by the subsequent duration of time when the same valve is closed in seconds before the same valve opens again. The computer (COMP) opens and closes the valves (V1, V3, V4) to periodically introduce the pressurized liquid mixture into to each growing assembly with an open-close ratio ranging from between 0.008 to 0.33.

In embodiments, the open-close ratio varies. The open-close ratio may vary throughout the life of the cannabis contained within the growing assemblies (100, 200). The open-close ratio may vary throughout the stage of development of the cannabis contained within the growing assemblies (100, 200). Stages of development of the cannabis include flowering, pollination, fertilization. In embodiments, the open-close ratio is greater during flowering and less during pollination. In embodiments, the open-close ratio is greater during pollination and less during fertilization. In embodiments, the open-close ratio is greater during flowering and less during fertilization. In embodiments, the open-close ratio is less during flowering and greater during pollination. In embodiments, the open-close ratio is less during pollination and greater during fertilization. In embodiments, the open-close ratio is less during flowering and greater during fertilization.

In embodiments, the temperature is greater during flowering and less during pollination. In embodiments, the temperature is greater during pollination and less during fertilization. In embodiments, the temperature is greater during flowering and less during fertilization. In embodiments, the temperature is less during flowering and greater during pollination. In embodiments, the temperature is less during pollination and greater during fertilization. In embodiments, the temperature is less during flowering and greater during fertilization.

The open-close ratio may vary throughout a 24-hour duration of time. In embodiments, the open-close ratio is increased during the day-time and decreased during the night-time relative to one another. In embodiments, the open-close ratio varies increased during the night-time and decreased during the day-time relative to one another. Night-time is defined as the time between evening and morning. Day-time is defined as the time between morning and evening.

In embodiments, carbohydrates may be added to the common reservoir (500). The carbohydrates are comprised of one or more from the group consisting of sugar, sucrose, molasses, and plant syrups. In embodiments, enzymes may be added to the common reservoir (500). The enzymes are comprised of one or more from the group consisting of amino acids, orotidine 5′-phosphate decarboxylase, OMP decarboxylase, glucanase, beta-glucanase, cellulase, xylanase, HYGROZYME®, CANNAZYME®, MICROZYME®, and SENSIZYME®. In embodiments, vitamins may be added to the common reservoir (500). The vitamins are comprised of one or more from the group consisting of vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E. In embodiments, hormones may be added to the common reservoir (500). The hormones are comprised of one or more from the group consisting of auxins, cytokinins gibberellins, abscic acid, brassinosteroids, salicylic acid, jasmonates, plant peptide hormones, polyamines, nitric oxide, strigolactones, and triacontanol. In embodiments, microorganisms may be added to the common reservoir (500). The microorganisms are comprised of one or more from the group consisting of bacteria, diazotroph bacteria, diazotrop archaea, azotobacter vinelandii, clostridium pasteurianu, fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, glomus aggrefatum, glomus etunicatum, glomus intraradices, rhizophagus irregularis, and glomus mosseae.

In embodiments, an analyzer (AZ) may be incorporated into the farming superstructure system (FSS). In embodiments, the analyzer analyzes the contents within the common reservoir (500) of analyzes the mixture of water, macro-nutrients, micro-nutrients, and a pH adjustment solution to determine the whether any water, macro-nutrients, micro-nutrients, and a pH adjustment need to be added. A signal (XAZ) from the analyzer may be sent to a computer (COMP). From the signal (XAZ) obtained by the computer (COMP), the computer (COMP) may calculate and automate the introduction of water, macro-nutrients, micro-nutrients, and a pH adjustment solution introduced to the system. In embodiments, the analyzer (AZ) may include a mass spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, potentiometric pH meter, pH meter, electrical conductivity meter, or liquid chromatography.

FIG. 1B FIG. 1B depicts one non-limiting embodiment of a farming superstructure system (FSS) that includes a first growing assembly (100) having a first growing medium (GM1) and a second growing assembly (200) having a second growing medium (GM2).

In embodiments, the first and second growing mediums (GM1, GM2) can be comprised of one or more from the group consisting of rockwool, perlite, amorphous volcanic glass, vermiculite, clay, clay pellets, LECA (lightweight expanded clay aggregate), coco-coir, fibrous coconut husks, soil, dirt, peat, peat moss, sand, soil, compost, manure, fir bark, foam, gel, oasis cubes, lime, gypsum, and quartz. In embodiments, a fungus may be added to the growing medium. In embodiment, the fungus may be mycorrhiza.

FIG. 1B differs from FIG. 1A since a fabric (104, 204) does not partition the growing assembly (100, 200) into an upper-section (105, 205) and a lower-section (106, 206). Instead, the cannabis (107, 207) are in contact with the growing medium (GM1, GM2), and the growing medium (GM1, GM2) partitions each growing assembly (100, 200) into an upper-section (105, 205) and a lower-section (106, 206). Liquid from with pump (P1) is introduced into the interior (101, 201) of each growing assembly (100, 200) via a liquid input (114, 214) where the liquid contacts the growing medium (GM1, GM2). In embodiments, liquid is transferred to the interior (101, 201) of each growing assembly (100, 200) via the liquid input (114, 214) on a periodic basis.

In embodiments, the computer (COMP) controls the lights (L1, L2). In embodiments, the lights (L1, L2) illuminate each growing assembly (100, 200) with an illumination on-off ratio ranging from between 0.5 to 11. The illumination on-off ratio is defined as the duration of time when the lights (L1, L2) are on and illuminate the cannabis (107, 207) in hours divided by the subsequent duration of time when the lights (L1, L2) are off and are not illuminating the cannabis (107, 207) in hours before the lights are turned on again.

In embodiments, the lights (L1, L2) are on and illuminate the cannabis for 18 hours and then are turned off for 6 hours. 18 divided by 6 is 3. In embodiments, an illumination on-off ratio of 3 is contemplated. In embodiments, the lights (L1, L2) are on and illuminate the cannabis for 20 hours and then are turned off for 4 hours. 20 divided by 4 is 5. In embodiments, an illumination on-off ratio of 5 is contemplated. In embodiments, the lights (L1, L2) are on and illuminate the cannabis for 22 hours and then are turned off for 2 hours. 22 divided by 2 is 11. In embodiments, an illumination on-off ratio of 11 is contemplated. In embodiments, the lights (L1, L2) are on and illuminate the cannabis for 8 hours and then are turned off for 16 hours. 8 divided by 16 is 0.5. In embodiments, an illumination on-off ratio of 0.5 is contemplated. In embodiments, the lights (L1, L2) are on and illuminate the cannabis for 12 hours and then are turned off for 12 hours. 12 divided by 12 is 1. In embodiments, an illumination on-off ratio of 1 is contemplated. In embodiments, the is desirable to operate the growing assemblies at an illumination on-off ratio that is greater than 1 and less than 11. In embodiments, the is desirable to operate the growing assemblies at an illumination on-off ratio that is greater than 0.5 and equal to or less than 5.

In embodiments, each growing assembly (100, 200) may include a container that contains a growing medium (GM1, GM2) sufficient to support the roots of the cannabis (107, 207). In embodiments, the growing assembly (100, 200) may be a container that contains a growing medium (GM1, GM2).

FIG. 2

FIG. 2 depicts one non-limiting embodiment of a farming superstructure system (FSS) including a first vertically stacked system (1500) including a plurality of vertically stacked growing assemblies (100, 200) integrated with a first and second vertical support structure (VSS1, VSS2) wherein the first growing assembly (100) is supported by a first horizontal support structure (SS1) and a second growing assembly (200) is supported by a second horizontal support structure (SS2).

The first vertically stacked system (1500) shown in FIG. 2 has a base height (HO) located on a floor or support surface. The first vertically stacked system (1500) shown in FIG. 2 has a total height (HT). In embodiments, the total height (HT) may be dictated by the total height of the first and second vertical support structure (VSS1, VSS2). The common reservoir (500) may be positioned on the base height (HO) located on a floor or support surface. The common reservoir (500) has a liquid level (LIQ) that is located below the reservoir height (H500). The reservoir height (H500) is the height of the common reservoir (500).

The bottom (103) of the first growing assembly (100) is located at a first base height (H100A). The first base height (H100A) is the vertical location on the first vertically stacked system (1500) where the first growing assembly (100) is supported by a first horizontal support structure (SS1). The first partition height (H100B) is the vertical location on the first vertically stacked system (1500) of the partition (104) of the first growing assembly (100). The first growing assembly height (H100C) is the vertical location on the first vertically stacked system (1500) where the top (102) of the first growing assembly (100) is located.

The second base height (H200A) is the vertical location on the first vertically stacked system (1500) where the second growing assembly (200) is supported by a second horizontal support structure (SS2). The second partition height (H200B) is the vertical location on the first vertically stacked system (1500) of the partition (204) of the second growing assembly (200). The second growing assembly height (H100C) is the vertical location on the first vertically stacked system (1500) where the top (202) of the second growing assembly (200) is located.

The first vertically stacked system (1500) has a width (W1500). In embodiments, the width (W1500) is greater than the difference between the first growing assembly height (H100C) and the first base height (H100A). In embodiments, the width (W1500) is greater than the difference between the second growing assembly height (H200C) and the second base height (H200A).

FIG. 3

FIG. 3 depicts one non-limiting embodiment of a plurality of vertically stacked systems (1500, 1500′) including a first vertically stacked system (1500) and a second vertically stacked system (1500′), the first vertically stacked system (1500) as depicted in FIG. 2, also both vertically stacked systems (1500, 1500′) are contained within an enclosure (ENC) having an interior (ENC1).

The second vertically stacked system (1500′) shown in FIG. 3 has a base height (HO) located on a floor or support surface. The second vertically stacked system (1500′) shown in FIG. 3 has a total height (HT′). In embodiments, the total height (HT′) may be dictated by the total height of the first and second vertical support structure (VSS1′, VSS2′). The common reservoir (500′) may be positioned on the base height (HO) located on a floor or support surface. The common reservoir (500′) has a liquid level (LIQ′) that is located below the reservoir height (H500′). The reservoir height (H500′) is the height of the common reservoir (500).

The bottom (103′) of the first growing assembly (100′) is located at a first base height (H100A′). The first base height (H100A′) is the vertical location on the second vertically stacked system (1500′) where the first growing assembly (100′) is supported by a first horizontal support structure (SS1′). The first partition height (H100B′) is the vertical location on the second vertically stacked system (1500′) of the partition (104′) of the first growing assembly (100′). The first growing assembly height (H100C′) is the vertical location on the second vertically stacked system (1500′) where the top (102′) of the first growing assembly (100′) is located.

The second base height (H200A′) is the vertical location on the second vertically stacked system (1500′) where the second growing assembly (200′) is supported by a second horizontal support structure (SS2′). The second partition height (H2003) is the vertical location on the second vertically stacked system (1500′) of the partition (204′) of the second growing assembly (200′). The second growing assembly height (H100C′) is the vertical location on the second vertically stacked system (1500′) where the top (202′) of the second growing assembly (200′) is located.

The second vertically stacked system (1500′) has a width (W1500′). In embodiments, the width (W1500′) is greater than the difference between the first growing assembly height (H100C′) and the first base height (H100A′). In embodiments, the width (W1500′) is greater than the difference between the second growing assembly height (H200′) and the second base height (H200A′).

A spacing (1500S) exists between the first vertically stacked system (1500) and the second vertically stacked system (1500′). In embodiments, the spacing (1500S) between the first vertically stacked system (1500) and second vertically stacked system (1500′) is less than the width (W1500, W1500) of either of the first vertically stacked system (1500) and second vertically stacked system (1500′). In embodiments, the spacing (1500S) between the first vertically stacked system (1500) and second vertically stacked system (1500′) is greater than the width (W1500, W1500) of either of the first vertically stacked system (1500) and second vertically stacked system (1500′). In embodiments, the spacing (1500S) between the first vertically stacked system (1500) and second vertically stacked system (1500′) ranges between 3 feet and 12 feet, or 4 feet to 8 feet, or 5 feet to 6 feet.

FIG. 3 shows the first vertically stacked system (1500) and a second vertically stacked system (1500′) contained within an enclosure (ENC) having an interior (ENC1). In embodiments, the enclosure may be an area that is sealed off with an artificial or natural barrier. In embodiments, the enclosure may be a building, or a structure with a roof and walls. In embodiments, the enclosure may be a cube container conforming to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) specifications. FIG. 3 shows the enclosure (ENC) having a first side wall (1W), second side wall (2W), top (5W), and a floor (1FL). For completeness, FIG. 4A shows the enclosure (ENC) of FIG. 3 with a third side wall (3W) and a fourth side wall (4W).

In embodiments, the top (5W), may be comprised of one or more from the group consisting of thatch, overlapping layers, shingles, ceramic tiles, membrane, fabric, plastic, metal, concrete, cement, solar panels, wood, a membrane, tar paper, shale, tile, asphalt, polycarbonate, plastic, cement, and composite materials.

In embodiments, one or more solar panels (SOLAR′, SOLAR″) may be positioned on top (5W) of the enclosure (ENC) may be used to provide electricity for the farming superstructure system (FSS). In embodiments, one or more solar panels (SOLAR-1W, SOLAR-2W, SOLAR-3W, SOLAR-4W) may be positioned on one or more walls (1W, 2W, 3W, 4W) of the enclosure (ENC) may be used to provide electricity for the farming superstructure system (FSS). In embodiments, one or more solar panels (SOLAR-X) not positioned on the top (5W) one or more walls (1W, 2W, 3W, 4W) of the enclosure (ENC) may be used to provide electricity for the farming superstructure system (FSS).

In embodiments, electricity from at least one of the solar panels (SOLAR′, SOLAR″, (SOLAR-1W, SOLAR-2W, SOLAR-3W, SOLAR-4W, SOLAR-X) may be used to provide electricity for one or more from the group consisting of: any motor within the farming superstructure system (FSS); any controller within the farming superstructure system (FSS); any conveyor within the farming superstructure system (FSS); a first plurality of lights (L1) in the first growing assembly (100); a first plurality of light emitting diodes (LED) in the first growing assembly (100); a second plurality of lights (L2) in the second growing assembly (200); a second plurality of light emitting diodes (LED′) in the second growing assembly (200); blue LEDs (BLED) within the first growing assembly (100); red LEDS (RLED) within the first growing assembly (100); green LEDS (GLED) within the first growing assembly (100); blue LEDs (BLED′) within the second growing assembly (200); red LEDS (RLED′) within the second growing assembly (200); and green LEDS (GLED′) within the second growing assembly (200).

In embodiments, the walls (1W, 2W, 3W, 4W) may be comprised of one or more from the group consisting of metal, concrete, cement, wood, plastic, brick, stone, composite materials, insulation, rockwool, mineral wool, fiberglass, clay, and ceramic. In embodiments, the top (5W) and walls (1W, 2W, 3W, 4W) may form one unitary structure such as a dome, semi-spherical shape, semi-cylindrical, or a greenhouse. In embodiments, the top (5W) and walls (1W, 2W, 3W, 4W) may be clear, translucent, transparent, or clear.

FIG. 4A

FIG. 4A depicts one non-limiting embodiment of FIG. 3 wherein the enclosure (ENC) is provided with a temperature control unit (TCU) including an air heat exchanger (HXA) that is configured to provide a temperature and/or humidity controlled air supply (Q3) to the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) which contains a plurality of vertically stacked systems (1500, 1500′).

The interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) has an enclosure temperature sensor (QT0) that is configured to output a signal (QXT0) to a computer (COMP). The interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) has an enclosure humidity sensor (QH0) that is configured to output a signal (QXH0) to a computer (COMP). An air input (Q1) is configured to permit an air supply (Q3) to be transferred to the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) via an air supply entry conduit (Q2). An optional inlet distributor (Q4) may be positioned to be in fluid communication with the air supply entry conduit (Q2) to distribute the air supply (Q3) within the interior (ENC1) of enclosure (ENC). In embodiments, the air heater (HXA) provides a heated air supply (Q3) to the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) via said air supply entry conduit (Q2) and said air input (Q1). In embodiments, the air heater (HXA) provides a cooled air supply (Q3) to the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) via said air supply entry conduit (Q2) and said air input (Q1).

FIG. 4A shows a temperature control unit (TCU) including an air supply fan (Q12) and air heater (HXA) integrated with the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC). The air supply fan (Q12) is connected to the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) via the air supply entry conduit (Q2). The air supply fan (Q12) is equipped with an air supply fan motor (Q13) and controller (Q14) is configured to input and output a signal (Q15) to the computer (COMP). An air heater (HXA) may be interposed in the air supply entry conduit (Q2) in between the air supply fan (Q12) and the enclosure (ENC). In embodiments, the air heater (HXA) may be interposed in the air supply entry conduit (Q2) in between the enclosure (ENC) and the air supply fan (Q12) and interposed on the air discharge exit conduit (Q23).

Water (Q16) in the form of liquid or vapor may be introduced to the air supply entry conduit (Q2) via a water transfer conduit (Q17). A water input valve (Q18), and a water flow sensor (Q19) may also be installed on the water transfer conduit (Q17). The water flow sensor (Q19) is configured to input a signal (Q20) to the computer (COMP).

The air supply (Q3) may be mixed with the water (Q16) in a water and gas mixing section (Q21) of the air supply entry conduit (Q2). FIG. 4A shows the water and gas mixing section (Q21) upstream of the air heater (HXA) but it may alternately also be placed downstream. The air heater (HXA) may be electric, operated by natural gas, combustion, solar energy, fuel cell, heat pipes, or it may be a heat transfer device that uses a working heat transfer medium, such as steam, or any other heat transfer medium known to persons having an ordinary skill in the art to which it pertains.

FIG. 4A shows the air heater (HXA) to have a heat transfer medium input (Q5) and a heat transfer medium output (Q6). In embodiments, heat transfer medium input (Q5) of the air heater (HXA) is equipped with a heat exchanger heat transfer medium inlet temperature (QT3) that is configured to input a signal (QXT3) to the computer (COMP). In embodiments, heat transfer medium output (Q6) of the air heater (HXA) is equipped with a heat exchanger heat transfer medium outlet temperature (QT4) that is configured to input a signal (QXT4) to the computer (COMP).

A first humidity sensor (Q8) is positioned on the discharge of the air supply fan (Q12) upstream of the water and gas mixing section (Q21). The first humidity sensor (Q8) is configured to input a signal (Q9) to the computer (COMP). A heat exchanger inlet gas temperature sensor (QT1) may be positioned on the discharge of the air supply fan (Q12) upstream of the air heater (HXA). The heat exchanger inlet gas temperature sensor (QT1) is configured to input a signal (QXT1) to the computer (COMP).

A second humidity sensor (Q10) is positioned on the discharge of the air heater (HXA) upstream of the air input (Q1) to the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC). The second humidity sensor (Q10) is configured to input a signal (Q11) to the computer (COMP). A heat exchanger outlet gas temperature sensor (QT2) is positioned on the discharge of the air heater (HXA) upstream of the air input (Q1) to the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC). The heat exchanger outlet gas temperature sensor (QT2) is configured to input a signal (QXT2) to the computer (COMP).

In embodiments, the air supply fan (Q12), air heater (HXA), and air supply (Q2), permit computer automation while integrated with the heat exchanger inlet gas temperature sensor (QT1), heat exchanger outlet gas temperature sensor (QT2), and enclosure temperature sensor (QT0), to operate under a wide variety of automated temperature operating conditions including varying the temperature range in the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) from between 30 degrees to 90 degrees Fahrenheit. In embodiments, the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) may be maintained within a temperature ranging from between 65 degrees Fahrenheit to 85 degrees Fahrenheit. In embodiments, the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) may be maintained within a temperature ranging from between 60 degrees Fahrenheit to 90 degrees Fahrenheit.

In embodiments, the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) may be maintained at a pre-determined temperature ranging from between one or more from the group selected from 60 degrees Fahrenheit to 61 degrees Fahrenheit, 61 degrees Fahrenheit to 62 degrees Fahrenheit, 62 degrees Fahrenheit to 63 degrees Fahrenheit, 63 degrees Fahrenheit to 64 degrees Fahrenheit, 64 degrees Fahrenheit to 65 degrees Fahrenheit, 65 degrees Fahrenheit to 66 degrees Fahrenheit, 66 degrees Fahrenheit to 67 degrees Fahrenheit, 67 degrees Fahrenheit to 68 degrees Fahrenheit, 68 degrees Fahrenheit to 69 degrees Fahrenheit, 69 degrees Fahrenheit to 70 degrees Fahrenheit, 70 degrees Fahrenheit to 71 degrees Fahrenheit, 71 degrees Fahrenheit to 72 degrees Fahrenheit, 72 degrees Fahrenheit to 73 degrees Fahrenheit, 73 degrees Fahrenheit to 74 degrees Fahrenheit, 74 degrees Fahrenheit to 75 degrees Fahrenheit, 75 degrees Fahrenheit to 76 degrees Fahrenheit, 76 degrees Fahrenheit to 77 degrees Fahrenheit, 77 degrees Fahrenheit to 78 degrees Fahrenheit, 78 degrees Fahrenheit to 79 degrees Fahrenheit, 79 degrees Fahrenheit to 80 degrees Fahrenheit, 80 degrees Fahrenheit to 81 degrees Fahrenheit, 81 degrees Fahrenheit to 82 degrees Fahrenheit, 82 degrees Fahrenheit to 83 degrees Fahrenheit, 83 degrees Fahrenheit to 84 degrees Fahrenheit, 84 degrees Fahrenheit to 85 degrees Fahrenheit, 85 degrees Fahrenheit to 86 degrees Fahrenheit, 86 degrees Fahrenheit to 87 degrees Fahrenheit, 87 degrees Fahrenheit to 88 degrees Fahrenheit, 88 degrees Fahrenheit to 89 degrees Fahrenheit, 89 degrees Fahrenheit to 90 degrees Fahrenheit, 90 degrees Fahrenheit to 91 degrees Fahrenheit, 91 degrees Fahrenheit to 92 degrees Fahrenheit, 92 degrees Fahrenheit to 93 degrees Fahrenheit, 93 degrees Fahrenheit to 94 degrees Fahrenheit, and 94 degrees Fahrenheit to 95 degrees Fahrenheit.

In embodiments, the air supply fan (Q12), air heater (HXA), air supply (Q2), and water (Q17) permit the computer automation while integrated with the first humidity sensor (Q8), second humidity sensor (Q10), and enclosure humidity sensor (QH0), to operate under a wide variety of automated operating humidity conditions including varying the humidity range in the growing assembly (100, 200) from between 5 percent humidity to 100 percent humidity. In embodiments, it is preferred to operate from between 25 percent humidity to 75 percent humidity. In embodiments, it is preferred to operate from between 40 percent humidity to 60 percent humidity. In embodiments, it is preferred to operate from between 44 percent humidity to 46 percent humidity.

In embodiments, the air supply fan (Q12) accepts an air supply (Q3) from the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) via an air discharge exit conduit (Q23). The air discharge exit conduit (Q23) is connected at one end to the enclosure (ENC) via an air output (Q22) and at another end to the air supply fan (Q12). An air filter (Q24) may be installed on the air discharge exit conduit (Q23) in between the enclosure (ENC) and the air supply fan (Q12) to remove particles prior to entering the air supply fan (Q12) for recycle back to the enclosure (ENC). In embodiments, the air filter (Q24) filters out particulates from the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) and the air supply fan (Q12) recycles the filtered air back to the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC). The filtered air may be cooled or heated prior to being recycled to the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC).

In embodiments, the air heater (HXA) adds heat to the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC). In embodiments, the air heater (HXA) removes heat from the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) and as a result may condense water from the air supply (Q3) provided from the from the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC). In embodiments, where the air heater (HXA) removes heat from the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) water is collected in the form of condensate (Q25). In embodiments, the condensate (Q25) may in turn be provided to the enclosure (ENC) via an enclosure condensate input (Q26) and a condensate conduit (Q27). The condensate (Q25) provided to the enclosure (ENC) via an enclosure condensate input (Q26) may be provided to at least one common reservoir (500, 500′) via a common tank condensate input (Q28). In embodiments, the condensate (Q25) may contain undesirable compounds (especially viruses and bacteria) and in turn may be provided to the input to the first water treatment unit (A1) as shown in FIG. 10 as a first undesirable compounds-laden condensate (Q29).

FIG. 4B

FIG. 4B depicts one non-limiting embodiment of FIG. 1B and FIG. 4A wherein the enclosure (ENC) is provided with a temperature control unit (TCU) including an air heat exchanger (HXA) that is configured to provide a temperature and/or humidity controlled air supply (Q3) to the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) which contains a plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200).

FIG. 5A

FIG. 5A depicts one non-limiting embodiment of FIG. 4A wherein the temperature control unit (TCU) of FIG. 4A is contained within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) and coupled with a humidity control unit (HCU),

FIG. 5A shows the temperature control unit (TCU) of FIG. 4A but contained within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC). FIG. 5A also shows a non-limiting embodiment of a humidity control unit (HCU) positioned within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC). A portion of the humidity control unit (HCU) may be positioned exterior to the enclosure (ENC) and not positioned within the interior (ENC1). In embodiments, the humidity control unit (HCU) may also be considered a temperature control unit (TCU). In embodiments, the humidity control unit (HCU) may also be considered a temperature control unit (TCU) since it may be used to regulate the temperature within the interior (ENC1) an enclosure (ENC) wherein a plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200) are positioned within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC).

In embodiments, the humidity control unit (HCU) may include a compressor (Q30), a condenser (Q32), a metering device (Q33), an evaporator (Q34), and a fan (Q35). The fan (Q35) may be equipped with a motor (Q36) and a controller (Q37) that is configured to input or output a signal (Q38) to a computer (COMP).

The compressor (Q31) is connected to the condenser (Q32), the condenser (Q32) is connected to the metering device (Q33), the metering device (Q33) is connected to an evaporator (Q34), and the evaporator (Q34) is connected to the compressor (Q31) to form a closed-loop refrigeration circuit configured to contain a refrigerant (Q31). The metering device (Q33) includes one or more from the group consisting of a restriction, orifice, valve, tube, capillary, and capillary tube. The refrigerant (Q31) is conveyed from the compressor to the condenser, from the condenser to the evaporator through the metering device, and from the evaporator to the compressor. The evaporator (Q34) is positioned within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) and is configured to evaporate refrigerant (Q31) within the evaporator (Q34) by removing heat from the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC). In embodiments, the evaporator (Q34) is contained within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC). In embodiments, the condenser (Q32) is not contained within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC). The fan (Q35) is configured to blow air from within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) over at least a portion of the humidity control unit (HCU).

The humidity control unit (HCU) is configured to selectively operate the system in a plurality of modes of operation, the modes of operation including at least:

-   -   (1) a first mode of operation in which compression of a         refrigerant (Q31) takes place within the compressor (Q30), and         the refrigerant (Q31) leaves the compressor (Q30) as a         superheated vapor at a temperature greater than the condensation         temperature of the refrigerant (Q31);     -   (2) a second mode of operation in which condensation of         refrigerant (Q31) takes place within the condenser (Q32), heat         is rejected and the refrigerant (Q31) condenses from a         superheated vapor into a liquid, and the liquid is cooled to a         temperature below the boiling temperature of the refrigerant         (Q31); and     -   (3) a third mode of operation in which evaporation of the         refrigerant (Q31) takes place, and the liquid phase refrigerant         (Q31) boils in the evaporator (Q34) to form a vapor or a         superheated vapor while absorbing heat from the interior (ENC1)         of the enclosure (ENC).

The evaporator (Q34) is configured to evaporate the refrigerant (Q31) to absorb heat from the interior (ENC1) of an enclosure (ENC). As a result, the evaporator (Q34) may condense water from the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC). In embodiments, the evaporator (Q34) condenses water vapor from the interior (ENC1) of an enclosure (ENC) and forms condensate (Q39). In embodiments, the condensate (Q39) may contain undesirable compounds (especially viruses and bacteria) and in turn may be provided to the input to the first water treatment unit (A1) as shown in FIG. 10 as a second undesirable compounds-laden condensate (Q40).

FIG. 5B

FIG. 5B depicts one non-limiting embodiment of FIG. 4B and FIG. 5A wherein the temperature control unit (TCU) of FIG. 4B is contained within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC) and coupled with a humidity control unit (HCU).

FIG. 5C

FIG. 5C shows one non-limiting embodiment where the compressor (Q30) within the humidity control unit (HCU) is that of a thermal compressor (Q30) that accepts a source of steam. The thermal compressor (Q30) accepts a steam supply (LDS) that is provided from FIG. 17F. Also shown is in the thermal compressor (Q30) discharging condensate (LJC) to the condensate tank (LAP) shown on FIG. 17F.

FIG. 5D:

FIG. 5D shows one non-limiting embodiment where the compressor (Q30) within the humidity control unit (HCU) is that of a thermal compressor (Q30) that accepts a source of steam. The thermal compressor (Q30) accepts a tenth steam supply (LDS) that is provided from FIG. 17F. Also shown is in the thermal compressor (Q30) discharging a tenth condensate (LJC) to the condensate tank (LAP) shown on FIG. 17F.

In embodiments, the thermal compressor (Q30) includes a generator (Q50) and an absorber (Q60). The first steam supply (LDS), from FIG. 17F, is transferred from the steam distribution header (LCJ) and into the generator (Q50) of the thermal compressor (Q30). In embodiments, a pump (Q45) connects the generator (Q50) to the absorber (Q60). Also, in embodiments, a metering device (Q55) is positioned in between the absorber (Q60) to the generator (Q50). The metering device (Q55) may include one or more from the group consisting of a restriction, orifice, valve, tube, capillary, and capillary tube.

Vapor-phase refrigerant is transferred from the evaporator (Q34) to the absorber (Q60). The refrigerant transferred from the evaporator (Q34) to the absorber (Q60) is then absorbed by an absorbent within the absorber (Q60). In embodiments, the refrigerant includes water or ammonia. In embodiments, the absorbent includes lithium bromine or water.

A mixture of refrigerant and absorbent is transferred from the absorber (Q60) to the generator (Q50) via the pump (Q45). Heat in the form of steam (LDS) is transferred to the mixture of refrigerant and absorbent within the generator (Q50) to vaporize the refrigerant. The vapor-phase, or superheated vapor, refrigerant is transferred from the generator (Q50) to the condenser (Q32). The absorbent is transferred back to the absorber (Q60) from the generator (Q50) through the metering device (Q55). In embodiments, the absorbent that is transferred through the metering device (Q55) takes a pressure drop. In embodiments, the generator (Q50) operates at a pressure that is greater than the pressure within the absorber (Q60).

In embodiments, the thermal compressor (Q30) may also be called an absorption chiller. In embodiments, the thermal compressor may have one stage. In embodiments, the thermal compressor may have two stages. In embodiments, electricity is required to power the pump (Q54). In embodiments, the electricity that is required to power the pump (Q54) comes from the generator (LFH) shown in FIG. 17F.

FIG. 5E:

FIG. 5E elaborates upon FIG. 5D and shows one non-limiting embodiment where the compressor (Q30) within the humidity control unit (HCU) is that of a thermal compressor (Q30) that accepts a source of heat, such as flue gas (FG1).

FIG. 6

FIG. 6 shows a front view of one embodiment of a plant growing module (PGM) provided inside of a cube container conforming to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) specifications.

FIG. 6 shows a portion of the farming superstructure system (FSS) including a front view of one embodiment of a plant growing module (PGM) provided inside of a cube container conforming to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) specifications.

The front view shows four growing assemblies (100, 100′, 200, 200′) including two first growing assemblies (100, 100′) and two second growing assembly (200, 200′) contained within an interior (ENC1) of an enclosure (ENC). FIG. 6 shows the two first growing assemblies (100, 100′) and two second growing assembly (200, 200′) each equipped with drain ports (110, 110′) and drain conduits (111, 111′) for draining liquid from each growing assembly (100, 100′, 200, 200′) into a common reservoir (500) via a common drain conduit (517) and drain input (518).

FIG. 6 shows one pump (P1) pulling liquid from one common reservoir (500) and transferring a pressurized liquid through a filter (F1A) into a plurality of liquid supply headers (300, 300′) which are in turn then provided to a plurality of first liquid supply conduits (113, 113′) and a plurality of second liquid supply conduit (213, 213′). Four liquid supply conduits (113, 113′, 213, 213′) are provided from two liquid supply headers (300, 300′) which is provided with pressurized water through one filter (F1A) by one pump (P1) pulling liquid from one common reservoir (500).

The common reservoir (500) of FIG. 6 is provided with a pressurized liquid (29) through a pressurized liquid transfer conduit (28) that enters the common reservoir (500) via a first water inlet (03). FIGS. 9 and 10 describe a liquid distribution module (LDM) that provides the pressurized liquid (29) and transfers it to the plant growing module (PGM) via a pressurized liquid transfer conduit (28).

As depicted in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, one common reservoir (500) is provided for a first vertically stacked system (1500) and a second vertically stacked system (1500′) that contain a total of two first growing assemblies (100, 100′) and two second growing assembly (200, 200′).

The enclosure (ENC) of FIG. 6 is shown to have a first side wall (1W), second side wall (2W), top (5W), and A floor (1FL). For completeness, the top view of the enclosure (ENC) of FIG. 6 is shown in FIG. 7 and is shown to have a first side wall (1W), second side wall (2W), third side wall (3W), and fourth side wall (4W).

FIG. 7

FIG. 7 shows a top view of one embodiment of a plant growing module (PGM) provided inside of a cube container conforming to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) specifications.

The enclosure (ENC) of FIG. 7 is shown to have a low voltage shut-off switch (LVV-1), a humidity control unit (HCU) (as described in FIG. 5), and a temperature control unit (TCU) (as described in FIGS. 4A&B). FIG. 7 also shows the first vertically stacked system (1500) and second vertically stacked system (1500′) with one common reservoir (500). FIG. 7 also shows a third vertically stacked system (1500″) and a fourth vertically stacked system (1500′″) each equipped with their own source of pressurized liquid (29C, 29D) provided by a plurality of pressurized liquid transfer conduits (28C, 28D) as described in detail in FIGS. 9 and 10.

FIG. 8

FIG. 8 shows a first side view of one embodiment of a plant growing module (PGM). The enclosure (ENC) of FIG. 8 is shown to have a humidity control unit (HCU) (as described in FIG. 5), and a temperature control unit (TCU) (as described in FIGS. 4A&B). FIG. 8 shows a first vertically stacked system (1500) on the left-hand-side and a second vertically stacked system (1500′) on the right-hand-side.

The first vertically stacked system (1500) is shown to have a second growing assembly (200) located above a first growing assembly (100). The second growing assembly (200) has a drain port (210) and a drain conduit (211) that directly drains into a common reservoir (500) located below both growing assemblies (100, 200). The drain conduit (211) from the second growing assembly (200) is secured to the second vertical support structure (VSS2) via a support connection (211X). In embodiments, the drain conduit (211) from the second growing assembly (200) may be secured to the first vertical support structure (VSS1), or alternately to the first horizontal support structure (SS1), or second horizontal support structure (SS2)

The first growing assembly (100) has a drain port (110) and a drain conduit (111) that directly drains into a common reservoir (500) located below both growing assemblies (100, 200). The drain conduit (111) from the first growing assembly (200) is secured to the second vertical support structure (VSS2) via a support connection (111X). In embodiments, the drain conduit (111) from the first growing assembly (100) may be secured to the first vertical support structure (VSS1), or alternately to the first horizontal support structure (SS1).

The second vertically stacked system (1500′) is shown to have a second growing assembly (200′) located above a first growing assembly (100′). The second growing assembly (200′) is configured to receive liquid from the pump (P1) via a second liquid supply conduit (213′) and a liquid input (214′). The second liquid supply conduit (213′) for the second growing assembly (200′) is secured to the second vertical support structure (VSS2′) via a support connection (213X′). In embodiments, the second liquid supply conduit (213′) for the second growing assembly (200′) may be secured to the first vertical support structure (VSS1′), or alternately to the first horizontal support structure (SS1′), or second horizontal support structure (SS2′).

The first growing assembly (100′) is configured to receive liquid from the pump (P1) via a first liquid supply conduit (113′) and a liquid input (114′). The first liquid supply conduit (113′) for the first growing assembly (100′) is secured to the second vertical support structure (VSS2′) via a support connection (113X′). In embodiments, the first liquid supply conduit (113′) for the first growing assembly (100′) may be secured to the first vertical support structure (VSS1′), or alternately to the first horizontal support structure (SS1′). The spacing (1500S) between the vertically stacked systems (1500, 1500′) in FIG. 8 ranges from 3 feet to 5 feet.

FIG. 9

FIG. 9 shows a front view of one embodiment of a liquid distribution module (LDM) provided inside of a cube container conforming to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) specifications and that is configured to provide a source of liquid to a plurality of plant growing modules (PGM).

FIG. 9 shows one non-limiting embodiment of a liquid distribution module (LDM) to provide a source of liquid to a plurality of plant growing modules (PGM). The liquid distribution module (LDM) of FIGS. 9 and 10 include a first water treatment unit (A1), a second water treatment unit (A2), and a third water treatment unit (A3), that provide a third contaminant depleted water (12) to the interior (19) of a solution tank (18).

The solution tank (18) mixes a water supply (01) with macro-nutrients (601), micro-nutrients (701), and/or a pH adjustment solution (801) to form a mixed solution prior to pumping the mixed solution to at least one common reservoir (500) of at least one plant growing modules (PGM). FIG. 9 depicts the first water treatment unit (A1) to include a cation, a second water treatment unit (A2) to include an anion, and a third water treatment unit (A3) to include a membrane.

A first water pressure sensor (13) is positioned on the water input conduit (14) that is introduced to the first input (04) to the first water treatment unit (A1). In embodiments, a filter (y1), activated carbon (y2), and adsorbent (y3), are positioned on the water input conduit (14) prior to introducing the water supply (01) to the first water treatment unit (A1). The water supply (01) may be considered a contaminant-laden water (15) that includes positively charged ions, negatively charged ions, and undesirable compounds. A first contaminant depleted water (06) is discharged by the first water treatment unit (A1) by a first output (05). The first contaminant depleted water (06) may be a positively charged ion depleted water (06A). The first contaminant depleted water (06) is then transferred to the second water treatment unit (A2) via a second input (07). A second contaminant depleted water (09) is discharged by the second water treatment unit (A2) by a second output (08). The second contaminant depleted water (09) may be a negatively charged ion depleted water (09A). The second contaminant depleted water (09) is then transferred to the third water treatment unit (A3) via a third input (10). A third contaminant depleted water (12) is discharged by the third water treatment unit (A3) by a third output (11). The third contaminant depleted water (12) may be an undesirable compounds depleted water (12A). The third contaminant depleted water (12) is then transferred to the interior (19) of a solution tank (18) via a water supply conduit (21) and water input (20).

Within the interior (19) of the solution tank (18), the third contaminant depleted water (12) may be mixed with macro-nutrients (601) from a macro-nutrient supply tank (600), micro-nutrients (701) from a micro-nutrient supply tank (700), and/or a pH adjustment solution (801) from a micro-nutrient supply tank (700). In embodiments, a cation (y4), an anion (y5), and a polishing unit (y6), are positioned on the water supply conduit (21) in between the third water treatment unit (A3) and the water input (20) of the solution tank (18). The polishing unit (y6) may be any type of conceivable device to improve the water quality such as an ultraviolet unit, ozone unit, microwave unit, or the like.

In embodiments, water supply valve (16) is positioned on the water supply conduit (21) in between the third water treatment unit (A3) and the water input (20) of the solution tank (18). The water supply valve (16) is equipped with a controller (17) that inputs or outputs a signal from a computer (COMP). In embodiments, the solution tank (18) is equipped with a high-level sensor (25) and a low-level sensor (26). The high-level sensor (25) is used for detecting a high level and the low-level sensor (26) is used for detecting a low level. The high-level sensor (25) is configured to output a signal to the computer (COMP) when the high-level sensor (25) is triggered by a high level of liquid within the solution tank (18). The low-level sensor (26) is configured to output a signal to the computer (COMP) when the low-level sensor (26) is triggered by a low level of liquid within the solution tank (18). In embodiments, when the low-level sensor (26) sends a signal to the computer (COMP), the water supply valve (16) on the water supply conduit (21) is opened and introduces water into the solution tank (18) until the high-level sensor (25) is triggered thus sending a signal to the computer (COMP) to close the water supply valve (16). This level control loop including the high-level sensor (25) for detecting a high level and a low-level sensor (26) for detecting a lower level may be coupled to the operation of the water supply valve (16) for introducing a water supply (01) through a first water treatment unit (A1), a second water treatment unit (A2), and a third water treatment unit (A3), to provide a third contaminant depleted water (12) to the interior (19) of a solution tank (18). The liquid distribution module (LDM) is equipped with a low voltage shut-off switch (LVV-2).

The interior (19) of the solution tank (18) is equipped with an oxygen emitter (35) for oxygenating the water within. The oxygen emitter (35) is connected to the interior (19) of the solution tank (18) via an oxygen emitter connection (36) which protrudes the solution tank (18). The solution tank (18) may be placed on a load cell (40) for measuring the mass of the tank. The solution tank (18) may be equipped with a mixer (38) for mixing water with macro-nutrients (601), micro-nutrients (701), and/or a pH adjustment solution (801). The mixer (38) may be of an auger or blade type that is equipped with a motor (39).

The solution tank (18) has a water output (22) that is connected to a water discharge conduit (23). The water discharge conduit (23) is connected at one end to the water output (22) of the solution tank (18) and at another end to a water supply pump (24). The water supply pump (24) provides a source of pressurized liquid (29) via a pressurized liquid transfer conduit (28).

A second water pressure sensor (27) is positioned on the pressurized liquid transfer conduit (28). A flow sensor (30) and a water quality sensor (33) may be positioned on the pressurized liquid transfer conduit (28). The water quality sensor (33) can measure electrical conductivity or resistivity. The pressurized liquid transfer conduit (28) can be split into a plurality of streams for providing to a plurality of plant growing modules (PGM) having a plurality of common reservoirs (500, 500′, 500″, 500′″).

The pressurized liquid transfer conduit (28) can be split into a plurality of streams including a first pressurized liquid transfer conduit (28A) for sending to a common tank (500) for the first vertically stacked system (1500) and second vertically stacked system (1500′) of FIG. 6, a second pressurized liquid transfer conduit (28B) as a back-up water source to the common tank (500) of FIG. 6, a third pressurized liquid transfer conduit (28C) for the common tank (500″) for the third vertically stacked system (1500″) of FIG. 6, and a fourth pressurized liquid transfer conduit (28D) for the common tank (500′″) for the fourth vertically stacked system (1500′″) of FIG. 6.

FIG. 10

FIG. 10 shows a top view of one embodiment of a liquid distribution module (LDM) provided inside of a cube container conforming to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) specifications and that is configured to provide a source of liquid to a plurality of plant growing modules (PGM).

FIG. 11

FIG. 11 shows a first side view of one embodiment of a liquid distribution module (LDM).

FIG. 12

FIG. 12 shows one non-limiting embodiment of a fabric (104) used in a growing assembly (100), the fabric (104) having a multi-point temperature sensor (MPT100) connected thereto for measuring temperatures at various lengths along the sensor's length.

FIGS. 12 and 13 disclose a fabric (104) that includes a multi-point temperature sensor (MPT100). The fabric (104) may be used in each of the growing assemblies (100, 200). The fabric has a width (104W) and a length (104L). The multi-point temperature sensor (MPT100) is connected to the fabric (104) and is configured to measure the temperature of the fabric (104) along several points along the width (104W).

FIG. 12 shows the multi-point temperature sensor (MPT100) having 8 temperature sensor elements to measure the temperature across a first distance (104W1), second distance (104W2), third distance (104W), fourth distance (104W4), fifth distance (104W5), sixth distance (104W6), seventh distance (104W7), and eighth distance (104W8). In embodiments, each of the 8 temperature sensor elements is configured to input a signal to the computer (COMP). The temperature element at the first distance (104W1) sends a first signal (XMPT1) to a computer (COMP). The temperature element at the second distance (104W2) sends a second signal (XMPT2) to a computer (COMP). The temperature element at the third distance (104W) sends a third signal (XMPT3) to a computer (COMP). The temperature element at the fourth distance (104W4) sends a fourth signal (XMPT4) to a computer (COMP). The temperature element at the fifth distance (104W5) sends a fifth signal (XMPT5) to a computer (COMP). The temperature element at the sixth distance (104W6) sends a sixth signal (XMPT6) to a computer (COMP). The temperature element at the seventh distance (104W7) sends a seventh signal (XMPT7) to a computer (COMP). The temperature element at the eighth distance (104W8) sends an eighth signal (XMPT8) to a computer (COMP). An average temperature of the fabric (104) may be obtained by averaging at least two of the signals from the multi-point temperature sensor (MPT100).

Each of the distances (104W1, 104W2, 104 W3, 104W4, 104 W5, 104W6, 104 W7, 104W8) is measured relative to the base width (104W0) of the fabric (104). In embodiments, the fabric (104) is comprised of one or more from the group consisting of plastic, polyethylene, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyacrylonitrile, and polypropylene.

In embodiments, the fabric (104) is configured to have a wicking height constant characterized by a wicking height range from 0.4 inches to 1.9 inches. The wicking height constant is a measurement of an ability of the fabric (104) to absorb moisture. In embodiments, the fabric (104) is configured to have an absorbance constant characterized by an absorbance range from 0.001 lb/in2 to 0.005 lb/in2. In embodiments, the absorbance constant is a measurement of moisture the fabric retains. In embodiments, the moisture that the fabric (104) retains may be provided by a liquid, mist, spray, water, mixture of water with macro-nutrients, micro-nutrients, pH adjustment solution, carbohydrates, enzymes, vitamins, hormones.

FIG. 13

FIG. 13 shows another one non-limiting embodiment of a fabric (104) used in a growing assembly (100).

FIG. 14

FIG. 14 depicts a computer (COMP) that is configured to input and output signals listed in FIGS. 1-13.

FIG. 15

FIG. 15 shows a trimmer (TR) that is configured to trim at least a portion of the cannabis (107, 207) that was growing in each growing assembly (100, 200).

Once the cannabis (107, 207) is harvested from each growing assembly (100, 200), the cannabis (107, 207) may be trimmed by use of a trimmer (TR). In embodiments, trimming the cannabis (107, 207) is necessary to obtain a final product for medicinal or recreational use. Trimming the cannabis (107, 207) may be done for several reasons including improving appearance, taste, and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration.

Cannabis (107, 207) consists of the leaves, seeds, stems, roots, or any reproductive structures. In embodiments, the reproductive structures may be flower. In embodiments, a flower may be a reproductive structure. In embodiments, the reproductive structures may be buds. In embodiments, a bud may be a reproductive structure. In embodiments, trimming removes at least a portion of the leaves and stems from the reproductive structures. In embodiments, cannabis (107, 207) is harvested from each growing assembly (100, 200) by severing the plants with a cutting tool. In embodiments, the roots of the cannabis (107, 207) are not introduced to the trimmer (TR). In embodiments, cannabis (107, 207) comprising leaves, seeds, stems, and reproductive structures (buds) are introduced to the trimmer (TR). In embodiments, cannabis (107, 207) comprising leaves, seeds, stems, roots, and reproductive structures (buds) are introduced to the trimmer (TR).

In embodiments, the trimmer (TR) separates the leaves and/or stems from the buds. In embodiments, the trimmer (TR) separates the buds from the leaves and stems. In embodiments, the trimmer (TR) separates the buds from the leaves and stems by applying using a rotational motion provided by a motor (MT1). In embodiments, the trimmer (TR) imparts a rotational motion upon the cannabis (107, 207). In embodiments, the trimmer (TR) moves the cannabis (107, 207) from one location to the another. In embodiments, a rotational motion cannabis (107, 207) passes the cannabis (107, 207) across a blade (CT2), the blade is configured to separate the leaves or stems from the buds, to provide trimmed cannabis that is depleted of leaves or stems. In embodiments, the trimmer (TR) moves the cannabis (107, 207) across a blade (CT2), the blade is configured to separate the leaves or stems from the buds, to provide trimmed cannabis that is depleted of leaves or stems.

FIG. 15 displays the trimmer (TR) accepting a source of cannabis (107, 207) and trims leaves and/or stems from the reproductive structures (buds) to produce trimmed cannabis (TR1) and trimmings (TR2).

FIG. 16

FIG. 16 shows a grinder (TR) that is configured to grind at least a portion of the cannabis (107, 207) that was growing in each growing assembly (100, 200). FIG. 16 also shows a grinder (TR) that is configured to grind at least a portion of the trimmed cannabis (TR1) that was trimmed by the trimmer (TR) as shown in FIG. 15.

A grinder (GR) generates a ground cannabis (GR1). The grinder may be used to grind (i) a portion of the cannabis (107, 207) harvested from each growing assembly (100, 200) or (ii) a portion of the trimmed cannabis (TR1) that is trimmed by the trimmer (TR) to produce ground cannabis (GR1). In embodiments, grinding of the cannabis is required for creating food products including a multifunctional composition.

FIG. 17

FIG. 17 shows a heater (HTR1) that is configured to heat at least a portion of Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) that was growing in each growing assembly (100, 200). In embodiments, heating the cannabis is required for creating food products including a multifunctional composition.

FIG. 17 shows a heating unit (HTR1) that is configured to heat at least a portion of Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) that was growing in each growing assembly (100, 200). FIG. 17 shows a heater (HTR1) that is configured to heat at least a portion of the cannabis (107, 207) that was growing in each growing assembly (100, 200). FIG. 17 also shows a heater (HTR1) that is configured to heat at least a portion of the trimmed cannabis (TR1) that was trimmed by the trimmer (TR) as shown in FIG. 15. FIG. 17 also shows a heater (HTR1) that is configured to heat at least a portion of the ground cannabis (GR1) that was ground by the grinder (GR) as shown in FIG. 16. The heater (HTR1) may be used to heat (i) a portion of the cannabis (107, 207) harvested from each growing assembly (100, 200), (ii) a portion of the trimmed cannabis (TR1) that is trimmed by the trimmer (TR), or (ii) a portion of the ground cannabis (GR1) that is ground by the cannabis (GR1).

The heater (HTR1) generates a heated cannabis (HT1). The heater (HTR1) is configured to heat the cannabis (107, 207). In embodiments, the heater (HTR1) is configured to heat the cannabis (107, 207) as the cannabis (107, 207) passes through the heater (HTR1) via a conveyor (CVR1).

In embodiments, heating the cannabis (107, 207) removes carbon dioxide (CO2R) from the cannabis (107, 207) to form a carbon dioxide depleted cannabis (CO2-1). In embodiments, the carbon dioxide depleted cannabis (CO2-1) is synonymous with the heated cannabis (HT1).

In embodiments, heating the cannabis (107, 207) decarboxylates the cannabis (107, 207) to produce a decarboxylated cannabis (DCX). In embodiments, heating the cannabis (107, 207) decarboxylates the tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) within the cannabis (107, 207) to form active tetrahydrocannabinol. In embodiments, decarboxylation is a chemical reaction that removes a carboxyl group and releases carbon dioxide (CO2R). In embodiments, heating the cannabis (107, 207) removes carbon dioxide form the cannabis (107, 207) to form a carbon dioxide depleted cannabis (CO2-1).

The heater (HTR1) is equipped with a heater temperature sensor (HTR1T) that sends a signal (HTR1X) to the computer (COMP). In embodiments, the heater (HTR1) is operated within a temperature ranging from 185 degrees F. to 280 degrees F. In embodiments, the heater (HTR1) is operated within a temperature ranging from 205 degrees F. to 250 degrees F. In embodiments, the heater (HTR1) produces a heated cannabis (HT1) that has a temperature ranging from 185 degrees F. to 280 degrees F. In embodiments, the heater (HTR1) produces a heated cannabis (HT1) that has a temperature ranging from 205 degrees F. to 250 degrees F.

In embodiments, a vacuum (VAC) is pulled on cannabis (107, 207) while the heater (HTR1) is heating the cannabis (107, 207) to aide in carbon dioxide removal. In embodiments, a vacuum (VAC) is pulled on the cannabis (107, 207) while the heater (HTR1) is heating the cannabis (107, 207) to a pressure that ranges from 0.5 inches of water to 30 inches of water. In embodiments, a vacuum (VAC) is pulled on the cannabis (107, 207) while the heater (HTR1) is heating the cannabis (107, 207) to a pressure that ranges from 5 inches of water to 90 inches of water. In embodiments, a vacuum (VAC) is pulled on the cannabis (107, 207) while the heater (HTR1) is heating the cannabis (107, 207) to a pressure that ranges from 2 pounds per square inch absolute to 14.69 pounds per square inch absolute. In embodiments, the cannabis (107, 207) is heated by the heater (HTR1) for a duration of 45 minutes to 2 hours. In embodiments, the cannabis (107, 207) is heated by the heater (HTR1) for a duration of 1 hour to 3 hours. In embodiments, the cannabis (107, 207) is heated by the heater (HTR1) for a duration of 2 hour to 24 hours.

FIG. 17A

FIG. 17A shows one non-limiting embodiment of a volatiles extraction system (VES) that is configured to extract volatiles from cannabis (107, 207) with a first solvent (SOLV1). The volatiles extraction system (VES) is configured to separate volatiles (VOLT) from cannabis (107, 207). The volatiles extraction system (VES) is configured to accept cannabis (107, 207), or heated cannabis (HT1), ground cannabis (GR1), trimmed cannabis (TR1), or combinations thereof. In embodiments, the cannabis (107, 207), heated cannabis (HT1), ground cannabis (GR1), and/or trimmed cannabis (TR1) may be weighed with a mass sensor (MS-VES) prior to being introduced to the volatiles extraction system (VES).

The volatiles (VOLT) include one or more from the group consisting of oil, wax, terpenes. The terpenes include one or more from the group consisting of limonene, humulene, pinene, linalool, caryophyllene, mycrene, eucalyptol, nerolidol, bisablol, and phytol. In embodiments, the terpenes include at least one organic carbon containing chemical compound. In embodiments, the terpenes include one or more from the group consisting of limonene, humulene, pinene, linalool, caryophyllene, mycrene, eucalyptol, nerolidol, bisablol, and phytol. In embodiments, limonene includes 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene. In embodiments, humulene includes 2,6,6,9-Tetramethyl-1,4-8-cycloundecatriene. In embodiments, pinene includes (1S,5S)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene. In embodiments, linalool includes 3,7-Dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol. In embodiments, caryophyllene includes (1R,4E,9S)-4,11,11-Trimethyl-8-methylidenebicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene. In embodiments, mycrene includes 7-Methyl-3-methylene-1,6-octadiene. In embodiments, eucalyptol includes 1,3,3-Trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2,2,2]octane. In embodiments, nerolidol includes 3,7,11-Trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatrien-3-ol. In embodiments, bisablol includes 6-methyl-2-(4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)hept-5-en-2-ol. In embodiments, phytol includes (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol.

The volatiles extraction system (VES) extracts volatiles (VOLT) from cannabis with use of a first solvent (SOLV1). The first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or more from the group consisting of acetone, alcohol, oil, butane, butter, carbon dioxide, coconut oil, ethanol, gas, gaseous carbon dioxide, hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid, naphtha, olive oil, pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant gas, subcritical carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, and vapor.

The volatiles extraction system (VES) has an interior (VEST) that is configured to mix cannabis (107, 207), heated cannabis (HT1), ground cannabis (GR1), and/or trimmed cannabis (TR1) with a first solvent (SOLV1). The volatiles extraction system (VES) is configured to accept a first solvent (SOLV1). The first solvent (SOLV1) is configured to contact the cannabis (107, 207), heated cannabis (HT1), ground cannabis (GR1), and/or trimmed cannabis (TR1) within the interior (VEST) of the volatiles extraction system (VES).

An output of the volatiles extraction system (VES) is a first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM). The first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM) is at least a mixture of volatiles (VOLT) and the first solvent (SOLV1). In embodiments, the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM) is a mixture of oil, wax, terpenes and first solvent (SOLV1). In embodiments, the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM) is a mixture of oil, wax, and first solvent (SOLV1). In embodiments, the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM) is a mixture of oil and first solvent (SOLV1). The first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM) is transferred from the volatiles extraction system (VES) to the first solvent separation system (SSS).

The first solvent separation system (SSS) is configured to separate the volatiles (VOLT) from the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM). The first solvent separation system (SSS) has an interior (SSSI). The first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM) is transferred from the interior (VESI) of the volatiles extraction system (VES) to the interior (SSSI) of the first solvent separation system (SSS).

In embodiments, the pressure within the interior (VESI) of the volatiles extraction system (VES) is greater than the pressure within the interior (SSSI) of the first solvent separation system (SSS). In embodiments, the pressure within the interior (VESI) of the volatiles extraction system (VES) is less than the pressure within the interior (SSSI) of the first solvent separation system (SSS). In embodiments, the pressure within the interior (VEST) of the volatiles extraction system (VES) is equal to the pressure within the interior (SSSI) of the first solvent separation system (SSS).

The first solvent separation system (SSS) outputs a volatiles (VOLT) and a separated first solvent (SOLV1-S). The volatiles (VOLT) may be then mixed with a second solvent (SOLV2) as described in FIG. 17C. The volatiles (VOLT) may alternately by mixed with insects which include one or more from the group consisting of Orthoptera order of insects, grasshoppers, crickets, cave crickets, Jerusalem crickets, katydids, weta, lubber, acrida, locusts, cicadas, ants, mealworms, agave worms, worms, bees, centipedes, cockroaches, dragonflies, beetles, scorpions, tarantulas, termites, insect lipids, and insect oil.

The volatiles extraction system (VES) is configured to operate in a plurality of modes of operation. In a first mode of operation, the volatiles extraction system (VES) separates terpenes from the cannabis. The first mode of operation may take place at a first temperature and a first pressure. In a second mode of operation, the volatiles extraction system (VES) separates other volatiles (VOLT) from the cannabis. The second mode of operation may take place at a second temperature and a first pressure. In embodiments, the second temperature is greater than the first temperature. In embodiments, the second pressure is greater than the first pressure.

FIG. 17B

FIG. 17B shows a plurality of volatiles extraction systems (VES1, VES2) equipped with one first solvent separation system (SSS). The first volatiles extraction system (VES1) has an interior (VES1I) that is configured to mix cannabis (107, 207), heated cannabis (HT1), ground cannabis (GR1), or trimmed cannabis (TR1) with a first solvent (SOLV1). The second volatiles extraction system (VES2) has an interior (VES1I) that is configured to mix cannabis (107, 207), heated cannabis (HT1), ground cannabis (GR1), or trimmed cannabis (TR1) with a first solvent (SOLV1).

FIG. 17B shows a first cannabis portion (FCS) introduced to the first volatiles extraction system (VES1) and a second cannabis portion (SCS) introduced to the second volatiles extraction system (VES2). The first cannabis portion (FCS) may be weighed prior to being introduced to the first volatiles extraction system (VES1). The second cannabis portion (SCS) may be weighed prior to being introduced to the second volatiles extraction system (VES2). The first cannabis portion (FCS) and/or the second cannabis portion (SCS) may be either cannabis (107, 207), or heated cannabis (HT1), ground cannabis (GR1), trimmed cannabis (TR1), or combinations thereof.

A primary first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVMA) is discharged from the first volatiles extraction system (VES1). A secondary first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVMB) is discharged from the second volatiles extraction system (VES1). The primary first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVMA) and secondary first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVMB) are combined and introduced to the first solvent separation system (SSS).

FIG. 17C

FIG. 17C shows a volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS) that is configured to mix the volatiles (VOLT) with a second solvent (SOLV2). The volatiles (VOLT) that are introduced to the interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS) are transferred from the volatiles extraction systems (VES, VES1, VES2) via the first solvent separation system (SSS) as shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B.

In embodiments, the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the group consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, ethanol. The second solvent (SOLV2) can be weighed with a mass sensor (MS-SOLV2) prior to being introduced to the interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS). The volatiles (VOLT) may also be weighed with a mass sensor (MS-VOLT) prior to being introduced to the interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS). The second solvent (SOLV2) and volatiles (VOLT) are mixed within the interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS).

The volatiles (VOLT) and second solvent (SOLV2) may be are mixed at varying mass ratios. The volatiles (VOLT) to second solvent (SOLV2) mixing mass ratio is the pounds of volatiles (VOLT) per pounds of second solvent (SOLV2). In embodiments, the mixing mass ratio of volatiles (VOLT) to the second solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1 pound of volatiles (VOLT) per 1 pound of second solvent (SOLV2), so this would be a mixing mass ratio of 1/1 or 1; In embodiments, the mixing mass ratio of volatiles (VOLT) to the second solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1 pound of volatiles (VOLT) per 2 pounds of second solvent (SOLV2), so this would be a mixing mass ratio of ½ or 0.5; In embodiments, the mixing mass ratio of volatiles (VOLT) to the second solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1 pound of volatiles (VOLT) per 3 pounds of second solvent (SOLV2), so this would be a mixing mass ratio of ⅓ or 0.33; In embodiments, the mixing mass ratio of volatiles (VOLT) to the second solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1 pound of volatiles (VOLT) per 4 pounds of second solvent (SOLV2), so this would be a mixing mass ratio of ¼ or 0.25; In embodiments, the mixing mass ratio of volatiles (VOLT) to the second solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1 pound of volatiles (VOLT) per 5 pounds of second solvent (SOLV2), so this would be a mixing mass ratio of ⅕ or 0.2; In embodiments, the mixing mass ratio of volatiles (VOLT) to the second solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1 pound of volatiles (VOLT) per 6 pounds of second solvent (SOLV2), so this would be a mixing mass ratio of ⅙ or 0.16; In embodiments, the mixing mass ratio of volatiles (VOLT) to the second solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1 pound of volatiles (VOLT) per 7 pounds of second solvent (SOLV2), so this would be a mixing mass ratio of 1/7 or 0.14; In embodiments, the mixing mass ratio of volatiles (VOLT) to the second solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1 pound of volatiles (VOLT) per 8 pounds of second solvent (SOLV2), so this would be a mixing mass ratio of ⅛ or 0.125; In embodiments, the mixing mass ratio of volatiles (VOLT) to the second solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1 pound of volatiles (VOLT) per 9 pounds of second solvent (SOLV2), so this would be a mixing mass ratio of 1/9 or 0.11; In embodiments, the mixing mass ratio of volatiles (VOLT) to the second solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1 pound of volatiles (VOLT) per 10 pounds of second solvent (SOLV2), so this would be a mixing mass ratio of 1/10 or 0.1; In embodiments, the mixing mass ratio of volatiles (VOLT) to the second solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1 pound of volatiles (VOLT) per 12 pounds of second solvent (SOLV2), so this would be a mixing mass ratio of 1/12 or 0.08; In embodiments, the mixing mass ratio of volatiles (VOLT) to the second solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1 pound of volatiles (VOLT) per 14 pounds of second solvent (SOLV2), so this would be a mixing mass ratio of 1/14 or 0.07; In embodiments, the mixing mass ratio of volatiles (VOLT) to the second solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1 pound of volatiles (VOLT) per 16 pounds of second solvent (SOLV2), so this would be a mixing mass ratio of 1/16 or 0.06; In embodiments, the mixing mass ratio of volatiles (VOLT) to the second solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1 pound of volatiles (VOLT) per 20 pounds of second solvent (SOLV2), so this would be a mixing mass ratio of 1/20 or 0.05; In embodiments, the mixing mass ratio of volatiles (VOLT) to the second solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1 pound of volatiles (VOLT) per 60 pounds of second solvent (SOLV2), so this would be a mixing mass ratio of 1/60 or 0.016; In embodiments, the mixing mass ratio of volatiles (VOLT) to the second solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 1 pound of volatiles (VOLT) per 100 pounds of second solvent (SOLV2), so this would be a mixing mass ratio of 1/100 or 0.01. In embodiments, the mixing mass ratio of pounds of volatiles (VOLT) per pounds of second solvent (SOLV2) ranges from 0.01 to 1.

A second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) is discharged from the interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS). FIG. 17D shows one non-limiting embodiment of the second solvent separation system (SEPSOL). The second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) is configured to separate the second solvent (SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM). The second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) is configured to evaporate at least a portion of the second solvent (SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) to create concentrated volatiles (CVOLT). Concentrated volatiles (CVOLT) have a reduced amount of second solvent (SOLV2) relative to the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM). The second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) is configured to separate the second solvent (SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) to concentrate the volatiles (VOLT).

The second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) is configured to separate the second solvent (SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) by evaporation, distillation, vacuum flashing, or wiped film evaporation. In embodiments, a vacuum may be pulled on the second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) to aide in evaporation of the second solvent (SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM), as shown in FIG. 17D.

In embodiments, the second solvent (SOLV2) and volatiles (VOLT) are miscible. In embodiments, the second solvent (SOLV2) and oil within the volatiles (VOLT) are miscible. In embodiments, the second solvent (SOLV2) and terpenes within the volatiles (VOLT) are miscible. In embodiments, the second solvent (SOLV2) and wax within the volatiles (VOLT) are miscible. In embodiments, the second solvent (SOLV2) and wax within the volatiles (VOLT) are immiscible.

In instances where the second solvent (SOLV2) and wax within the volatiles (VOLT) are immiscible, a solvent cooler (SOLV-C) is provided to cool the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) that is evacuated from the interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS). The solvent cooler (SOLV-C) lowers the temperature of the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) to permit phase separation of the wax from the volatiles (VOLT). The second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) is a reduced temperature second volatiles and solvent mixture (RTSVSM) as it is leaves the solvent cooler (SOLV-C).

In embodiments, the solvent cooler (SOLV-C) operates at a temperature less than 50 degrees F. In embodiments, the solvent cooler (SOLV-C) operates at a temperature less than 40 degrees F. In embodiments, the solvent cooler (SOLV-C) operates at a temperature less than 30 degrees F. In embodiments, the solvent cooler (SOLV-C) operates at a temperature less than 20 degrees F. In embodiments, the solvent cooler (SOLV-C) operates at a temperature less than 10 degrees F. In embodiments, the solvent cooler (SOLV-C) operates at a temperature less than 00 degrees F. In embodiments, the reduced temperature second volatiles and solvent mixture (RTSVSM) leaves the solvent cooler (SOLV-C) at a temperature including one or more from the group consisting of: less than 50 degrees F., less than 40 degrees F., less than 30 degrees F., less than 20 degrees F., less than 10 degrees F., and less than 0 degrees F.

In embodiments, a solvent filter (SOLV-F) is configured to accept at least a portion of the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM). In embodiments, a solvent filter (SOLV-F) is configured to accept at least a portion of the reduced temperature second volatiles and solvent mixture (RTSVSM). In embodiments, the solvent filter (SOLV-F) is configured to separate wax (WAX) from the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM). In embodiments, the solvent filter (SOLV-F) is configured to separate wax (WAX) from the reduced temperature second volatiles and solvent mixture (RTSVSM). The solvent filter (SOLV-F) discharges a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) which may then be routed to the second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) of FIG. 17D.

FIG. 17D

FIG. 17D shows a second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) that is configured to separate at least a portion of the second solvent (SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) to produce concentrated volatiles (CVOLT).

In embodiments, the second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) includes an evaporator (J11). FIG. 17D shows at least a portion of the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) transferred to the second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) from the volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS) shown in FIG. 17C. The second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) is transferred from the volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS) or from the solvent cooler (SOLV-C) or from the solvent filter (SOLV-F) of FIG. 17C to the second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) of FIG. 17D.

FIG. 17D displays the second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) as an evaporator (J11) which separates or evaporates the second solvent (SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) to produce concentrated volatiles (CVOLT). In embodiments, the evaporator (J11) is a wiped-film evaporator (J11A). In embodiments, the evaporator (J11) is comprised of one or more from the group consisting of falling film tubular evaporator, rising/falling film tubular evaporator, rising film tubular evaporator, forced circulation evaporator, internal pump forced circulation evaporator, plate evaporator, evaporative cooler, multiple-effect evaporator, thermal vapor recompression evaporator, mechanical vapor recompression evaporator, flash tank, and a distillation column.

The evaporator (J11) shown in FIG. 17D is that of a wiped-film evaporator (J11A). The evaporator (J11) has a vapor inlet (J12), a separator input (J16), a heating jacket (J17), a first output (J18), and a second output (J19). In embodiments, the evaporator (J11) is electrically heated. In embodiments, the vapor inlet (J12) is provided with a vapor (J12A) such as steam. The vapor inlet is connected to a vapor supply conduit (J13). A vapor supply valve (J14) is positioned on the vapor supply conduit (J13). The vapor supply valve (J14) is equipped with a controller (J15A) that is configured to input and output a signal (J15B) to the computer (COMP). In embodiments, the pressure drop across the vapor supply valve (J14) ranges from between 5 PSI to 10 PSI, 15 PSI to 25 PSI, 25 PSI to 35 PSI, 35 PSI to 45 PSI, 45 PSI to 55 PSI, 55 PSI to 65 PSI, 65 PSI to 75 PSI, 75 PSI to 85 PSI. In embodiments, the vapor supply valve (J14) percent open during normal operation ranges from 10% open to 25% open, 25% open to 35% open, 35% open to 45% open, 45% open to 55% open, 55% open to 65% open, 65% open to 75% open, 75% open to 80% open.

A separated vapor transfer conduit (J20) is connected to the first output (J18) and is configured to transfer vaporized solvent (J22) from the evaporator (J11) to a condenser (J26). In embodiments, the vaporized solvent (J22) is the second solvent (SOLV2) in vapor phase. When the second solvent (SOLV2) is evaporated or vaporized into a vaporized solvent (J22) the concentration of the volatiles (VOLT) within the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) increases to form concentrated volatiles (CVOLT).

The condenser (J26) has a vaporized liquid input (J25) that is configured to transfer the vaporized solvent (J22) or vaporized second solvent (SOLV2) from the separated vapor transfer conduit (J20) to the condenser (J26). The condenser (J26) is configured to accept vaporized solvent (J22) from the evaporator (J11) and condense the liquid into condensate (J27). Condensate (J27) is discharged from the condenser (J26) via a condenser condensate output (J30). The condensate (J27) is the second solvent (SOLV2) which can then be recovered and reused in the volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS).

The condenser is connected to a vacuum system (J32) via a gas/vapor transfer conduit (J33). Gas/vapor (J35) is evacuated from the condenser (J27) via a gas/vapor discharge (J37). The gas/vapor (J35) transferred from the condenser to the vacuum system (J32) may be comprised of one or more from the group consisting of second solvent, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, air, steam, water vapor, and non-condensables. The vacuum system (J32) may be any conceivable system configured to draw a vacuum on the condenser (J26). In embodiments, the vacuum system (J32) is that of a liquid-ring vacuum pump. A portion of the gas/vapor (J35) may be in turn condensed within the vacuum system (J26). A portion of the gas/vapor (J35) may be discharged from the vacuum system (J26) via a gas/vapor transfer line (J39).

The condenser (J26) is provided with a cooling water input (J36) and a cooling water output (J40). The cooling water input (J36) is configured to accept a cooling water supply (J38) and the cooling water output (J40) is configured to discharge a cooling water return (J42′). The cooling water supply (J38) is configured to reduce the temperature of the vaporized solvent (J22) within the condenser (J26) to convert the vaporized solvent (J22) into a liquid condensate (J27).

The evaporator (J11) has an evaporator condensate output (J24) for evacuating condensate (J41) from the heating jacket (J17). The condensate (J41) discharged via the evaporator condensate output (J24) was provided to the evaporator heating jacket (J17) as the vapor (J12A) or steam. The heating jacket (J17) accepts a source of vapor (J12A), and evaporates second solvent (SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) to form vaporized solvent (J22) that is discharged from the evaporator (J11) and sent to the condenser (J26).

The heating jacket (J17) accepts a source of vapor (J12A), and evaporates second solvent (SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) to form concentrates volatiles (CVOLT) that has a reduced amount of second solvent (SOLV2) relative to the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM).

In embodiments, the evaporator (J11) takes the form of a wiped-film evaporator (J11A). In embodiments, the wiped-film evaporator (J11A) has a motor (J42) and a wiper (J44). In embodiments, the motor (J42) and wiper (J44) act together to wipe at least one heat transfer surface within the evaporator (J11).

The separator input (J16) is configured to introduce the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) to the evaporator (J11). In embodiments, the evaporator vaporizes the second solvent (SOLV2) from within the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) to produce a vaporized solvent (J22) and concentrated volatiles (CVOLT).

In embodiments, the present disclosure describes a method to separate volatiles from cannabis, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis;     -   (b) grinding Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after step (a);     -   (c) extracting volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior or         cannabis after step (b) with a first solvent (SOLV1) to form a         first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM); and (d) separating         at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from the first         solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);         wherein:         the volatiles include one or more from the group consisting of         oil, wax, terpenes;         the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or more from the group         consisting of acetone, alcohol, oil, butane, butter, carbon         dioxide, coconut oil, ethanol, gas, gaseous carbon dioxide,         hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid,         naphtha, olive oil, pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant gas,         subcritical carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, vapor;         the terpenes include one or more from the group consisting of         limonene, humulene, pinene, linalool, caryophyllene, mycrene,         eucalyptol, nerolidol, bisablol, and phytol.

In embodiments, the present disclosure describes a method to separate volatiles from cannabis, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis;     -   (b) grinding Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after step (a);     -   (c) extracting volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior or         cannabis after step (b) with a first solvent (SOLV1) to form a         first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);     -   (d) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from         the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);     -   (e) mixing the volatiles with a second solvent (SOLV2) after         step (d) to form a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);     -   (f) cooling the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM)         after step (e);     -   (g) filtering the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);         and     -   (h) evaporating the second solvent (SOLV2) from the second         volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);         wherein:         the volatiles include one or more from the group consisting of         oil, wax, terpenes;         the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or more from the group         consisting of acetone, alcohol, oil, butane, butter, carbon         dioxide, coconut oil, ethanol, gas, gaseous carbon dioxide,         hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid,         naphtha, olive oil, pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant gas,         subcritical carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, vapor;         the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the group         consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, ethanol;     -   the terpenes include one or more from the group consisting of         limonene, humulene, pinene, linalool, caryophyllene, mycrene,         eucalyptol, nerolidol, bisablol, and phytol.

In embodiments, the present disclosure describes a method to separate volatiles from cannabis, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis;     -   (b) grinding Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after step (a); and     -   (c) extracting volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior or         cannabis after step (b) with a first solvent (SOLV1) to form a         first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);     -   (d) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from         the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);     -   (e) mixing the volatiles with a second solvent (SOLV2) after         step (d) to form a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);     -   (f) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from         the second solvent (SOLV2); wherein:         the volatiles include one or more from the group consisting of         oil, wax, terpenes;         the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or more from the group         consisting of acetone, alcohol, oil, butane, butter, carbon         dioxide, coconut oil, ethanol, gas, gaseous carbon dioxide,         hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid,         naphtha, olive oil, pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant gas,         subcritical carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, vapor;         the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the group         consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, ethanol;         the terpenes include one or more from the group consisting of         limonene, humulene, pinene, linalool, caryophyllene, mycrene,         eucalyptol, nerolidol, bisablol, and phytol.

In embodiments, the present disclosure describes a method to separate volatiles from cannabis, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis;     -   (b) grinding Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after step (a);     -   (c) extracting volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior or         cannabis after step (b) with a first solvent (SOLV1) to form a         first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);     -   (d) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from         the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);     -   (e) mixing a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) after step (d) with         insects;         wherein:         the volatiles include one or more from the group consisting of         oil, wax, terpenes;         the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or more from the group         consisting of acetone, alcohol, oil, butane, butter, carbon         dioxide, coconut oil, ethanol, gas, gaseous carbon dioxide,         hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid,         naphtha, olive oil, pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant gas,         subcritical carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, vapor;         the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the group         consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, ethanol;         the terpenes include one or more from the group consisting of         limonene, humulene, pinene, linalool, caryophyllene, mycrene,         eucalyptol, nerolidol, bisablol, and phytol.         the insects are comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of Orthoptera order of insects, grasshoppers,         crickets, cave crickets, Jerusalem crickets, katydids, weta,         lubber, acrida, locusts, cicadas, ants, mealworms, agave worms,         worms, bees, centipedes, cockroaches, dragonflies, beetles,         scorpions, tarantulas, termites, insect lipids, and insect oil.

In embodiments, the present disclosure describes a method to separate volatiles from cannabis, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis;     -   (b) grinding Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after step (a);     -   (c) extracting volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior or         cannabis after step (b) with a first solvent (SOLV1) to form a         first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);     -   (d) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from         the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);     -   (e) mixing the volatiles (VOLT) with a second solvent (SOLV2)         after step (d) to form a second volatiles and solvent mixture         (SVSM);     -   (f) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from         the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);     -   (g) mixing a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) after step (f) with         insects;         wherein:         the volatiles include one or more from the group consisting of         oil, wax, terpenes;         the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or more from the group         consisting of acetone, alcohol, oil, butane, butter, carbon         dioxide, coconut oil, ethanol, gas, gaseous carbon dioxide,         hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid,         naphtha, olive oil, pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant gas,         subcritical carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, vapor;         the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the group         consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, ethanol;         the terpenes include one or more from the group consisting of         limonene, humulene, pinene, linalool, caryophyllene, mycrene,         eucalyptol, nerolidol, bisablol, and phytol.         the insects are comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of Orthoptera order of insects, grasshoppers,         crickets, cave crickets, Jerusalem crickets, katydids, weta,         lubber, acrida, locusts, cicadas, ants, mealworms, agave worms,         worms, bees, centipedes, cockroaches, dragonflies, beetles,         scorpions, tarantulas, termites, insect lipids, and insect oil.

In embodiments, the present disclosure describes a method to separate volatiles from cannabis, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis;     -   (b) grinding Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after step (a); and     -   (c) extracting volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior or         cannabis after step (b) with a first solvent (SOLV1) to form a         first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);     -   (d) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from         the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);     -   (e) mixing the volatiles (VOLT) with a second solvent (SOLV2)         after step (d) to form a second volatiles and solvent mixture         (SVSM);     -   (f) evaporating at least a portion of the second solvent (SOLV2)         from the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) to create         concentrated volatiles (CVOLT) that have reduced amount of         second solvent relative to the second volatiles and solvent         mixture (SVSM);     -   (g) mixing a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) after step (f) with         insects;         wherein:         the volatiles include one or more from the group consisting of         oil, wax, terpenes;         the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or more from the group         consisting of acetone, alcohol, oil, butane, butter, carbon         dioxide, coconut oil, ethanol, gas, gaseous carbon dioxide,         hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid,         naphtha, olive oil, pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant gas,         subcritical carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, vapor;         the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the group         consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, ethanol;         the terpenes include one or more from the group consisting of         limonene, humulene, pinene, linalool, caryophyllene, mycrene,         eucalyptol, nerolidol, bisablol, and phytol.         the insects are comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of Orthoptera order of insects, grasshoppers,         crickets, cave crickets, Jerusalem crickets, katydids, weta,         lubber, acrida, locusts, cicadas, ants, mealworms, agave worms,         worms, bees, centipedes, cockroaches, dragonflies, beetles,         scorpions, tarantulas, termites, insect lipids, and insect oil.

In embodiments, the present disclosure describes a method to separate volatiles from cannabis, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing a farming superstructure system (FSS), including:         -   (a1) a first water treatment unit (A1) including a cation             configured to remove positively charged ions from water to             form a positively charged ion depleted water (06A), the             positively charged ions are comprised of one or more from             the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and             iron;         -   (a2) a second water treatment unit (A2) including an anion             configured to remove negatively charged ions from the             positively charged ion depleted water (06A) to form a             negatively charged ion depleted water (09A), the negatively             charged ions are comprised of one or more from the group             consisting of iodine, chloride, and sulfate;         -   (a3) an optional third water treatment unit (A3) including a             membrane configured to remove undesirable compounds from the             negatively charged ion depleted water (09A) to form an             undesirable compounds depleted water (12A), the undesirable             compounds are comprised of one or more from the group             consisting of dissolved organic chemicals, viruses,             bacteria, and particulates;         -   (a4) an enclosure (ENC) having an interior (ENC1);         -   (a5) a plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200) positioned             within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC), each             growing assembly (100, 200) configured to grow Grass Weedly             Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107, 207);         -   (a6) a plurality of lights (L1, L2) configured to illuminate             the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC);         -   (a7) a volatiles extraction system (VES) that is configured             to separate volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior (107,             207) or cannabis (107, 207) with use of a first solvent             (SOLV1), the volatiles extraction system (VES) has an             interior (VEST) that is configured to contain Grass Weedly             Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107, 207), the volatiles             extraction system (VES) is configured to accept a first             solvent (SOLV1), the first solvent (SOLV1) is configured to             contact the Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107,             207) within the interior (VEST) of the volatiles extraction             system (VES), the volatiles extraction system (VES) outputs             a first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);         -   (a8) a first solvent separation system (SSS) that is             configured to separate the volatiles (VOLT) from the first             solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM), the first solvent             separation system (SSS) has an interior (SSSI), the first             solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM) is transferred from the             interior (VEST) of the volatiles extraction system (VES) to             the interior (SSSI) of the first solvent separation system             (SSS), the first solvent separation system (SSS) outputs a             volatiles (VOLT) and a separated first solvent (SOLV1-S);         -   (a9) a volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS) that is             configured to mix the volatiles (VOLT) with a second solvent             (SOLV2), the volatiles (VOLT) that are introduced to the             interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and solvent mixing system             (VSMS) are transferred from the volatiles extraction systems             (VES), a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) is             discharged from the interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and             solvent mixing system (VSMS);         -   (a10) a second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) that is             configured to separate at least a portion of the second             solvent (SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solvent             mixture (SVSM) to produce concentrated volatiles (CVOLT);     -   (b) providing a source of water;     -   (c) removing positively charged ions and negatively charged ions         and optionally undesirable compounds from the water of step (b);     -   (d) mixing the water after step (c) with macro-nutrients,         micro-nutrients, or a pH adjustment solution to form a liquid         mixture;     -   (e) pressurizing the liquid mixture after step (d) to form a         pressurized liquid mixture;     -   (f) transferring the pressurized liquid mixture of step (e) to         the plurality of growing assemblies; and     -   (g) illuminating the plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200)         with the plurality of lights (L1, L2);     -   (h) growing Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis within the plurality         of growing assemblies after step (g);     -   (i) harvesting Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after growing         Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis in step (h);     -   (j) grinding Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after step (i); and     -   (k) extracting volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior or         cannabis after step (j) with a first solvent (SOLV1) to form a         first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);     -   (l) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from         the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);     -   (m) mixing the volatiles (VOLT) with a second solvent (SOLV2)         after step (l) to form a second volatiles and solvent mixture         (SVSM);     -   (n) cooling the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM)         after step (m);     -   (o) filtering the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM)         after step (n);     -   (p) evaporating the second solvent (SOLV2) from the second         volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);         wherein:         the volatiles include one or more from the group consisting of         oil, wax, terpenes;         the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or more from the group         consisting of acetone, alcohol, oil, butane, butter, carbon         dioxide, coconut oil, ethanol, gas, gaseous carbon dioxide,         hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid,         naphtha, olive oil, pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant gas,         subcritical carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, vapor;         the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the group         consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, ethanol;         the terpenes include one or more from the group consisting of         limonene, humulene, pinene, linalool, caryophyllene, mycrene,         eucalyptol, nerolidol, bisablol, and phytol.

In embodiments, the present disclosure describes a method to separate volatiles from cannabis, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing a farming superstructure system (FSS), including:         -   (a1) a cation configured to remove positively charged ions             from water to form a positively charged ion depleted water             (06A), the positively charged ions are comprised of one or             more from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium,             sodium, and iron;         -   (a2) an anion configured to remove negatively charged ions             from the positively charged ion depleted water (06A) to form             a negatively charged ion depleted water (09A), the             negatively charged ions are comprised of one or more from             the group consisting of iodine, chloride, and sulfate;         -   (a3) a membrane configured to remove undesirable compounds             from the negatively charged ion depleted water (09A) to form             an undesirable compounds depleted water (12A), the             undesirable compounds are comprised of one or more from the             group consisting of dissolved organic chemicals, viruses,             bacteria, and particulates;         -   (a4) an enclosure (ENC) having an interior (ENC1);         -   (a5) a plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200) positioned             within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC), each             growing assembly (100, 200) configured to grow Grass Weedly             Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107, 207);         -   (a6) a plurality of lights (L1, L2) configured to illuminate             the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC);         -   (a7) a volatiles extraction system (VES) that is configured             to separate volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior (107,             207) or cannabis (107, 207) with use of a first solvent             (SOLV1), the volatiles extraction system (VES) has an             interior (VESI) that is configured to contain Grass Weedly             Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107, 207), the volatiles             extraction system (VES) is configured to accept a first             solvent (SOLV1), the first solvent (SOLV1) is configured to             contact the Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107,             207) within the interior (VESI) of the volatiles extraction             system (VES), the volatiles extraction system (VES) outputs             a first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);         -   (a8) a first solvent separation system (SSS) that is             configured to separate the volatiles (VOLT) from the first             solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM), the first solvent             separation system (SSS) has an interior (SSSI), the first             solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM) is transferred from the             interior (VESI) of the volatiles extraction system (VES) to             the interior (SSSI) of the first solvent separation system             (SSS), the first solvent separation system (SSS) outputs a             volatiles (VOLT) and a separated first solvent (SOLV1-S);         -   (a9) a volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS) that is             configured to mix the volatiles (VOLT) with a second solvent             (SOLV2), the volatiles (VOLT) that are introduced to the             interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and solvent mixing system             (VSMS) are transferred from the volatiles extraction systems             (VES), a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) is             discharged from the interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and             solvent mixing system (VSMS);         -   (a10) a second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) that is             configured to separate at least a portion of the second             solvent (SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solvent             mixture (SVSM) to produce concentrated volatiles (CVOLT);     -   (b) providing a source of water;     -   (c) removing positively charged ions and negatively charged ions         and optionally undesirable compounds from the water of step (b);     -   (d) mixing the water after step (c) with macro-nutrients,         micro-nutrients, or a pH adjustment solution to form a liquid         mixture;     -   (e) pressurizing the liquid mixture after step (d) to form a         pressurized liquid mixture;     -   (f) transferring the pressurized liquid mixture of step (e) to         the plurality of growing assemblies; and     -   (g) illuminating the plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200)         with the plurality of lights (L1, L2);     -   (h) growing Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis within the plurality         of growing assemblies after step (g);     -   (i) harvesting Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after growing         Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis in step (h);     -   (j) grinding Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after step (i); and     -   (k) extracting volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior or         cannabis after step (j) with a first solvent (SOLV1) to form a         first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);     -   (l) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from         the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);     -   (m) mixing a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) after step (l) with         insects;         wherein:         the volatiles include one or more from the group consisting of         oil, wax, terpenes; the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or         more from the group consisting of acetone, alcohol, oil, butane,         butter, carbon dioxide, coconut oil, ethanol, gas, gaseous         carbon dioxide, hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon         dioxide, liquid, naphtha, olive oil, pentane, propane, R134         refrigerant gas, subcritical carbon dioxide, supercritical         carbon dioxide, vapor;         the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the group         consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, ethanol;         the terpenes include one or more from the group consisting of         limonene, humulene, pinene, linalool, caryophyllene, mycrene,         eucalyptol, nerolidol, bisablol, and phytol.         the insects are comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of Orthoptera order of insects, grasshoppers,         crickets, cave crickets, Jerusalem crickets, katydids, weta,         lubber, acrida, locusts, cicadas, ants, mealworms, agave worms,         worms, bees, centipedes, cockroaches, dragonflies, beetles,         scorpions, tarantulas, termites, insect lipids, and insect oil.

In embodiments, the present disclosure describes a method to separate volatiles from cannabis, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing a farming superstructure system (FSS), including:         -   (a1) a first water treatment unit (A1) including a cation             configured to remove positively charged ions from water to             form a positively charged ion depleted water (06A), the             positively charged ions are comprised of one or more from             the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and             iron;         -   (a2) a second water treatment unit (A2) including an anion             configured to remove negatively charged ions from the             positively charged ion depleted water (06A) to form a             negatively charged ion depleted water (09A), the negatively             charged ions are comprised of one or more from the group             consisting of iodine, chloride, and sulfate;         -   (a3) an optional third water treatment unit (A3) including a             membrane configured to remove undesirable compounds from the             negatively charged ion depleted water (09A) to form an             undesirable compounds depleted water (12A), the undesirable             compounds are comprised of one or more from the group             consisting of dissolved organic chemicals, viruses,             bacteria, and particulates;         -   (a4) an enclosure (ENC) having an interior (ENC1);         -   (a5) a plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200) positioned             within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC), each             growing assembly (100, 200) configured to grow Grass Weedly             Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107, 207);         -   (a6) a plurality of lights (L1, L2) configured to illuminate             the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC);         -   (a7) a volatiles extraction system (VES) that is configured             to separate volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior (107,             207) or cannabis (107, 207) with use of a first solvent             (SOLV1), the volatiles extraction system (VES) has an             interior (VESI) that is configured to contain Grass Weedly             Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107, 207), the volatiles             extraction system (VES) is configured to accept a first             solvent (SOLV1), the first solvent (SOLV1) is configured to             contact the Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107,             207) within the interior (VEST) of the volatiles extraction             system (VES), the volatiles extraction system (VES) outputs             a first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);         -   (a8) a first solvent separation system (SSS) that is             configured to separate the volatiles (VOLT) from the first             solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM), the first solvent             separation system (SSS) has an interior (SSSI), the first             solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM) is transferred from the             interior (VESI) of the volatiles extraction system (VES) to             the interior (SSSI) of the first solvent separation system             (SSS), the first solvent separation system (SSS) outputs a             volatiles (VOLT) and a separated first solvent (SOLV1-S);         -   (a9) a volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS) that is             configured to mix the volatiles (VOLT) with a second solvent             (SOLV2), the volatiles (VOLT) that are introduced to the             interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and solvent mixing system             (VSMS) are transferred from the volatiles extraction systems             (VES), a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) is             discharged from the interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and             solvent mixing system (VSMS);         -   (a10) a second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) that is             configured to separate at least a portion of the second             solvent (SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solvent             mixture (SVSM) to produce concentrated volatiles (CVOLT);     -   (b) providing a source of water;     -   (c) removing positively charged ions and negatively charged ions         and optionally undesirable compounds from the water of step (b);     -   (d) mixing the water after step (c) with macro-nutrients,         micro-nutrients, or a pH adjustment solution to form a liquid         mixture;     -   (e) pressurizing the liquid mixture after step (d) to form a         pressurized liquid mixture;     -   (f) transferring the pressurized liquid mixture of step (e) to         the plurality of growing assemblies; and     -   (g) illuminating the plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200)         with the plurality of lights (L1, L2);     -   (h) growing Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis within the plurality         of growing assemblies after step (g);     -   (i) harvesting Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after growing         Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis in step (h);     -   (j) grinding Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after step (i); and     -   (k) extracting volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior or         cannabis after step (j) with a first solvent (SOLV1) to form a         first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);     -   (l) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from         the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);     -   (m) mixing the volatiles with a second solvent (SOLV2) after         step (l) to form a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);         and     -   (n) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from         the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);         wherein:         the volatiles include one or more from the group consisting of         oil, wax, terpenes; the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or         more from the group consisting of acetone, alcohol, oil, butane,         butter, carbon dioxide, coconut oil, ethanol, gas, gaseous         carbon dioxide, hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon         dioxide, liquid, naphtha, olive oil, pentane, propane, R134         refrigerant gas, subcritical carbon dioxide, supercritical         carbon dioxide, vapor;         the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the group         consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, ethanol;         the terpenes include one or more from the group consisting of         limonene, humulene, pinene, linalool, caryophyllene, mycrene,         eucalyptol, nerolidol, bisablol, and phytol.

In embodiments, the present disclosure describes a method to separate volatiles from cannabis, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing a farming superstructure system (FSS), including:         -   (a1) a first water treatment unit (A1) including a cation             configured to remove positively charged ions from water to             form a positively charged ion depleted water (06A), the             positively charged ions are comprised of one or more from             the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and             iron;         -   (a2) a second water treatment unit (A2) including an anion             configured to remove negatively charged ions from the             positively charged ion depleted water (06A) to form a             negatively charged ion depleted water (09A), the negatively             charged ions are comprised of one or more from the group             consisting of iodine, chloride, and sulfate;         -   (a3) an optional third water treatment unit (A3) including a             membrane configured to remove undesirable compounds from the             negatively charged ion depleted water (09A) to form an             undesirable compounds depleted water (12A), the undesirable             compounds are comprised of one or more from the group             consisting of dissolved organic chemicals, viruses,             bacteria, and particulates;         -   (a4) an enclosure (ENC) having an interior (ENC1);         -   (a5) a plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200) positioned             within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC), each             growing assembly (100, 200) configured to grow Grass Weedly             Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107, 207);         -   (a6) a plurality of lights (L1, L2) configured to illuminate             the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC);         -   (a7) a volatiles extraction system (VES) that is configured             to separate volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior (107,             207) or cannabis (107, 207) with use of a first solvent             (SOLV1), the volatiles extraction system (VES) has an             interior (VESI) that is configured to contain Grass Weedly             Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107, 207), the volatiles             extraction system (VES) is configured to accept a first             solvent (SOLV1), the first solvent (SOLV1) is configured to             contact the Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107,             207) within the interior (VESI) of the volatiles extraction             system (VES), the volatiles extraction system (VES) outputs             a first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);         -   (a8) a first solvent separation system (SSS) that is             configured to separate the volatiles (VOLT) from the first             solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM), the first solvent             separation system (SSS) has an interior (SSSI), the first             solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM) is transferred from the             interior (VESI) of the volatiles extraction system (VES) to             the interior (SSSI) of the first solvent separation system             (SSS), the first solvent separation system (SSS) outputs a             volatiles (VOLT) and a separated first solvent (SOLV1-S);         -   (a9) a volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS) that is             configured to mix the volatiles (VOLT) with a second solvent             (SOLV2), the volatiles (VOLT) that are introduced to the             interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and solvent mixing system             (VSMS) are transferred from the volatiles extraction systems             (VES), a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) is             discharged from the interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and             solvent mixing system (VSMS);         -   (a10) a second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) that is             configured to separate at least a portion of the second             solvent (SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solvent             mixture (SVSM) to produce concentrated volatiles (CVOLT);     -   (b) providing a source of water;     -   (c) removing positively charged ions and negatively charged ions         and optionally undesirable compounds from the water of step (b);     -   (d) mixing the water after step (c) with macro-nutrients,         micro-nutrients, or a pH adjustment solution to form a liquid         mixture;     -   (e) pressurizing the liquid mixture after step (d) to form a         pressurized liquid mixture;     -   (f) transferring the pressurized liquid mixture of step (e) to         the plurality of growing assemblies; and     -   (g) illuminating the plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200)         with the plurality of lights (L1, L2);     -   (h) growing Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis within the plurality         of growing assemblies after step (g);     -   (i) harvesting Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after growing         Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis in step (h);     -   (j) grinding Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after step (i); and     -   (k) extracting volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior or         cannabis after step (j) with a first solvent (SOLV1) to form a         first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);     -   (l) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from         the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);     -   (m) mixing the volatiles with a second solvent (SOLV2) after         step (l) to form a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);         and     -   (n) evaporating at least a portion of the second solvent (SOLV2)         from the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);         wherein:         the volatiles include one or more from the group consisting of         oil, wax, terpenes;         the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or more from the group         consisting of acetone, alcohol, oil, butane, butter, carbon         dioxide, coconut oil, ethanol, gas, gaseous carbon dioxide,         hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid,         naphtha, olive oil, pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant gas,         subcritical carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, vapor;         the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the group         consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, ethanol;         the terpenes include one or more from the group consisting of         limonene, humulene, pinene, linalool, caryophyllene, mycrene,         eucalyptol, nerolidol, bisablol, and phytol.

In embodiments, the present disclosure describes a method to separate volatiles from cannabis, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing a farming superstructure system (FSS), including:         -   (a1) a first water treatment unit (A1) including a cation             configured to remove positively charged ions from water to             form a positively charged ion depleted water (06A), the             positively charged ions are comprised of one or more from             the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and             iron;         -   (a2) a second water treatment unit (A2) including an anion             configured to remove negatively charged ions from the             positively charged ion depleted water (06A) to form a             negatively charged ion depleted water (09A), the negatively             charged ions are comprised of one or more from the group             consisting of iodine, chloride, and sulfate;         -   (a3) an optional third water treatment unit (A3) including a             membrane configured to remove undesirable compounds from the             negatively charged ion depleted water (09A) to form an             undesirable compounds depleted water (12A), the undesirable             compounds are comprised of one or more from the group             consisting of dissolved organic chemicals, viruses,             bacteria, and particulates;         -   (a4) an enclosure (ENC) having an interior (ENC1);         -   (a5) a plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200) positioned             within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC), each             growing assembly (100, 200) configured to grow Grass Weedly             Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107, 207);         -   (a6) a plurality of lights (L1, L2) configured to illuminate             the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC);         -   (a7) a volatiles extraction system (VES) that is configured             to separate volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior (107,             207) or cannabis (107, 207) with use of a first solvent             (SOLV1), the volatiles extraction system (VES) has an             interior (VESI) that is configured to contain Grass Weedly             Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107, 207), the volatiles             extraction system (VES) is configured to accept a first             solvent (SOLV1), the first solvent (SOLV1) is configured to             contact the Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107,             207) within the interior (VESI) of the volatiles extraction             system (VES), the volatiles extraction system (VES) outputs             a first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);         -   (a8) a first solvent separation system (SSS) that is             configured to separate the volatiles (VOLT) from the first             solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM), the first solvent             separation system (SSS) has an interior (SSSI), the first             solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM) is transferred from the             interior (VESI) of the volatiles extraction system (VES) to             the interior (SSSI) of the first solvent separation system             (SSS), the first solvent separation system (SSS) outputs a             volatiles (VOLT) and a separated first solvent (SOLV1-S);         -   (a9) a volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS) that is             configured to mix the volatiles (VOLT) with a second solvent             (SOLV2), the volatiles (VOLT) that are introduced to the             interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and solvent mixing system             (VSMS) are transferred from the volatiles extraction systems             (VES), a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) is             discharged from the interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and             solvent mixing system (VSMS);         -   (a10) a second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) that is             configured to separate at least a portion of the second             solvent (SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solvent             mixture (SVSM) to produce concentrated volatiles (CVOLT);     -   (b) providing a source of water;     -   (c) removing positively charged ions and negatively charged ions         and optionally undesirable compounds from the water of step (b);     -   (d) mixing the water after step (c) with macro-nutrients,         micro-nutrients, or a pH adjustment solution to form a liquid         mixture;     -   (e) pressurizing the liquid mixture after step (d) to form a         pressurized liquid mixture;     -   (f) transferring the pressurized liquid mixture of step (e) to         the plurality of growing assemblies; and     -   (g) illuminating the plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200)         with the plurality of lights (L1, L2);     -   (h) growing Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis within the plurality         of growing assemblies after step (g);     -   (i) harvesting Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after growing         Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis in step (h);     -   (j) grinding Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after step (i); and     -   (k) extracting volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior or         cannabis after step (j) with a first solvent (SOLV1) to form a         first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);     -   (l) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from         the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);     -   (m) mixing the volatiles with a second solvent (SOLV2) after         step (l) to form a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);     -   (n) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from         the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM); and     -   (o) mixing a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) after step (n) with         insects;         wherein:         the volatiles include one or more from the group consisting of         oil, wax, terpenes; the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or         more from the group consisting of acetone, alcohol, oil, butane,         butter, carbon dioxide, coconut oil, ethanol, gas, gaseous         carbon dioxide, hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon         dioxide, liquid, naphtha, olive oil, pentane, propane, R134         refrigerant gas, subcritical carbon dioxide, supercritical         carbon dioxide, vapor;         the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the group         consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, ethanol;         the terpenes include one or more from the group consisting of         limonene, humulene, pinene, linalool, caryophyllene, mycrene,         eucalyptol, nerolidol, bisablol, and phytol.         the insects are comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of Orthoptera order of insects, grasshoppers,         crickets, cave crickets, Jerusalem crickets, katydids, weta,         lubber, acrida, locusts, cicadas, ants, mealworms, agave worms,         worms, bees, centipedes, cockroaches, dragonflies, beetles,         scorpions, tarantulas, termites, insect lipids, and insect oil.

In embodiments, the present disclosure describes a method to separate volatiles from cannabis, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing a farming superstructure system (FSS), including:         -   (a1) a first water treatment unit (A1) including a cation             configured to remove positively charged ions from water to             form a positively charged ion depleted water (06A), the             positively charged ions are comprised of one or more from             the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and             iron;         -   (a2) a second water treatment unit (A2) including an anion             configured to remove negatively charged ions from the             positively charged ion depleted water (06A) to form a             negatively charged ion depleted water (09A), the negatively             charged ions are comprised of one or more from the group             consisting of iodine, chloride, and sulfate;         -   (a3) an optional third water treatment unit (A3) including a             membrane configured to remove undesirable compounds from the             negatively charged ion depleted water (09A) to form an             undesirable compounds depleted water (12A), the undesirable             compounds are comprised of one or more from the group             consisting of dissolved organic chemicals, viruses,             bacteria, and particulates;         -   (a4) an enclosure (ENC) having an interior (ENC1);         -   (a5) a plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200) positioned             within the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC), each             growing assembly (100, 200) configured to grow Grass Weedly             Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107, 207);         -   (a6) a plurality of lights (L1, L2) configured to illuminate             the interior (ENC1) of the enclosure (ENC);         -   (a7) a volatiles extraction system (VES) that is configured             to separate volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior (107,             207) or cannabis (107, 207) with use of a first solvent             (SOLV1), the volatiles extraction system (VES) has an             interior (VESI) that is configured to contain Grass Weedly             Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107, 207), the volatiles             extraction system (VES) is configured to accept a first             solvent (SOLV1), the first solvent (SOLV1) is configured to             contact the Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) or cannabis (107,             207) within the interior (VEST) of the volatiles extraction             system (VES), the volatiles extraction system (VES) outputs             a first solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM);         -   (a8) a first solvent separation system (SSS) that is             configured to separate the volatiles (VOLT) from the first             solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM), the first solvent             separation system (SSS) has an interior (SSSI), the first             solvent and volatiles mixture (FSVM) is transferred from the             interior (VESI) of the volatiles extraction system (VES) to             the interior (SSSI) of the first solvent separation system             (SSS), the first solvent separation system (SSS) outputs a             volatiles (VOLT) and a separated first solvent (SOLV1-S);         -   (a9) a volatiles and solvent mixing system (VSMS) that is             configured to mix the volatiles (VOLT) with a second solvent             (SOLV2), the volatiles (VOLT) that are introduced to the             interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and solvent mixing system             (VSMS) are transferred from the volatiles extraction systems             (VES), a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) is             discharged from the interior (VSMSI) of the volatiles and             solvent mixing system (VSMS);         -   (a10) a second solvent separation system (SEPSOL) that is             configured to separate at least a portion of the second             solvent (SOLV2) from the second volatiles and solvent             mixture (SVSM) to produce concentrated volatiles (CVOLT);     -   (b) providing a source of water;     -   (c) removing positively charged ions and negatively charged ions         and optionally undesirable compounds from the water of step (b);     -   (d) mixing the water after step (c) with macro-nutrients,         micro-nutrients, or a pH adjustment solution to form a liquid         mixture;     -   (e) pressurizing the liquid mixture after step (d) to form a         pressurized liquid mixture;     -   (f) transferring the pressurized liquid mixture of step (e) to         the plurality of growing assemblies; and     -   (g) illuminating the plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200)         with the plurality of lights (L1, L2);     -   (h) growing Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis within the plurality         of growing assemblies after step (g);     -   (i) harvesting Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after growing         Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis in step (h);     -   (j) grinding Grass Weedly Junior or cannabis after step (i); and     -   (k) extracting volatiles (VOLT) from Grass Weedly Junior or         cannabis after step (j) with a first solvent (SOLV1) to form a         first solvent and volatiles mixture (FVSM);     -   (l) separating at least a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) from         the first solvent and volatiles mixture (FVSM); and     -   (m) mixing a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) after step (l) with         insects;         wherein:         the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or more from the group         consisting of acetone, alcohol, oil, butane, butter, carbon         dioxide, coconut oil, ethanol, gas, gaseous carbon dioxide,         hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid,         naphtha, olive oil, pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant gas,         subcritical carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, vapor;         the insects are comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of Orthoptera order of insects, grasshoppers,         crickets, cave crickets, Jerusalem crickets, katydids, weta,         lubber, acrida, locusts, cicadas, ants, mealworms, agave worms,         worms, bees, centipedes, cockroaches, dragonflies, beetles,         scorpions, tarantulas, termites, insect lipids, and insect oil.         In embodiments, the present disclosure describes a method to         separate and concentrate volatiles from cannabis, the method         includes:     -   (a) providing cannabis;     -   (b) grinding cannabis after step (a);     -   (c) separating volatiles (VOLT) from cannabis after step (b)         with a first solvent (SOLV1) to form a first solvent and         volatiles mixture (FSVM);     -   (d) separating volatiles (VOLT) from the first solvent and         volatiles mixture (FSVM);     -   (e) mixing the volatiles with a second solvent (SOLV2) after         step (d) to form a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);     -   (h) separating the second solvent (SOLV2) from the second         volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM);         wherein:         the first solvent (SOLV1) includes one or more from the group         consisting of butane, carbon dioxide, gas, gaseous carbon         dioxide, hexane, isobutane, isopropanol, liquid carbon dioxide,         naphtha, pentane, propane, R134 refrigerant gas, subcritical         carbon dioxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, vapor;         the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the group         consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, ethanol.

In embodiments, the method to separate and concentrate volatiles from cannabis, also includes: (e) mixing a portion of the volatiles (VOLT) after step (d) with insects; wherein: the insects are comprised of one or more from the group consisting of Orthoptera order of insects, grasshoppers, crickets, cave crickets, Jerusalem crickets, katydids, weta, lubber, acrida, locusts, cicadas, ants, mealworms, agave worms, worms, bees, centipedes, cockroaches, dragonflies, beetles, scorpions, tarantulas, termites, insect lipids, and insect oil.

In embodiments, the method to separate and concentrate volatiles from cannabis, also includes: (f) cooling the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) after step (e); and (g) filtering the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM).

In embodiments, the method to separate and concentrate volatiles from cannabis, also includes: in step (c), separating volatiles (VOLT) from cannabis using a method that includes: (1) separating terpenes from the cannabis at a first temperature and a first pressure; and (2) separating oil and wax from the cannabis at a second temperature and a second pressure; wherein: the second temperature is greater than the first temperature; the second pressure is greater than the first pressure; the terpenes include one or more from the group consisting of limonene, humulene, pinene, linalool, caryophyllene, mycrene, eucalyptol, nerolidol, bisablol, and phytol; the volatiles include one or more from the group consisting of oil, wax, terpenes.

FIG. 17E:

FIG. 17E shows one non-limiting embodiment of a solvent separation system that is configured to evaporator the second solvent from the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) by use of a spray dryer (KAP).

A plurality of separators separate at least a small particulate portion (KCW) and a large particulate portion (KCY) from a volatiles and gas mixture (KBV) that is discharged in the drying chamber (KBG) of a spray dryer (KAP) evaporator (KAO). The spray dryer (KAP) is type of evaporator (KAO) that evaporates liquid from a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM). A first separator (KCA), second separator (KCI), and a third separator (KCR) are configured to accept a volatiles and gas mixture (KBV) from the drying chamber (KBG) of a spray dryer (KAP). In embodiments, the first separator (KCA) is a cyclone or a filter. In embodiments, the second separator (KCI) is a cyclone or a filter. In embodiments, the third separator (KCR) is a sifter or a filter. The third separator (KCR) accepts first separated volatiles (KCG) from the first separator (KCA) and second separated volatiles (KCP) from the second separator (KCI) and separates at least a small particulate portion (KCW) and a large particulate portion (KCY) therefrom. In embodiments, the small particulate portion (KCW) and a large particulate portion (KCY) are crystals, solids, and contain tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).

The second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) is introduced to a liquid input (KAR) of the spray dryer (KAP). The spray dryer (KAP) has a top (K-T) and a bottom (K-B). The spray dryer (KAP) has a vertical axis (KYY) and a horizontal axis (KXY). As shown in FIG. 17E, the liquid input (KAR) is located positioned towards the top (K-T) of the spray dryer (KAP). In embodiments, the liquid input (KAR) to the spray dryer (KAP) is positioned closer to the bottom (K-B) of the spray dryer (KAP).

In embodiments, the range of height of the drying chamber (KBG) is selected from one or more from the group 6 feet tall to 8 feet tall, 8 feet tall to 10 feet tall, 10 feet tall to 12 feet tall, 12 feet tall to 14 feet tall, 14 feet tall to 16 feet tall, 16 feet tall to 18 feet tall, 18 feet tall to 20 feet tall, 20 feet tall to 22 feet tall, 22 feet tall to 24 feet tall, 24 feet tall to 26 feet tall, 26 feet tall to 28 feet tall, 28 feet tall to 30 feet tall, 30 feet tall to 32 feet tall, 32 feet tall to 34 feet tall, 34 feet tall to 36 feet tall, 36 feet tall to 38 feet tall, 38 feet tall to 40 feet tall, and 40 feet tall to 50 feet tall.

In embodiments, the range of diameter of the drying chamber (KBG) is selected from one or more from the group 2 feet in diameter to 4 feet in diameter, 4 feet in diameter to 6 feet in diameter, 6 feet in diameter to 8 feet in diameter, 8 feet in diameter to 10 feet in diameter, 10 feet in diameter to 12 feet in diameter, 12 feet in diameter to 14 feet in diameter, 14 feet in diameter to 16 feet in diameter, 16 feet in diameter to 18 feet in diameter, 18 feet in diameter to 20 feet in diameter, 20 feet in diameter to 22 feet in diameter, 22 feet in diameter to 24 feet in diameter, 24 feet in diameter to 26 feet in diameter, 26 feet in diameter to 28 feet in diameter, 28 feet in diameter to 30 feet in diameter, 30 feet in diameter to 32 feet in diameter, 32 feet in diameter to 34 feet in diameter, 34 feet in diameter to 36 feet in diameter, 36 feet in diameter to 38 feet in diameter, and 38 feet in diameter to 40 feet in diameter. In embodiments, the drying chamber (KBG) is comprised of a material that is selected from one or more from the group consisting of carbon steel, graphite, Hastelloy alloy, nickel, stainless steel, tantalum, and titanium.

A flow sensor (KEQ) is made available to measure the flow to the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) prior to being introduced to the spray dryer (KAP). The flow sensor (KEQ) is configured to input or output a signal (KER) to the computer (COMP). The flow sensor (KEQ) measures the flow of the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) that is introduced to the liquid input (KAR) of the spray dryer (KAP). A valve (KEC) is positioned to regulate the flow of the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) prior to being introduced to the spray dryer (KAP). The valve (KEC) has a controller (KED) that is configured to input or output a signal (KEE) to the computer (COMP). The valve (KEC) and the flow sensor (KEQ) may be used together in a flow control loop to set the flowrate of spray dryer (KAP) to a flow rate that includes one or more from the group consisting of: 0.5 gallons per minute (GPM) to 1 GPM, 1 GPM to 1.5 GPM, 1.5 GPM to 2 GPM, 2 GPM to 2.5 GPM, 2.5 GPM to 3 GPM, 3 GPM to 3.5 GPM, 3.5 GPM to 4 GPM, 4 GPM to 4.5 GPM, 4.5 GPM to 5 GPM, 5 GPM to 5.5 GPM, 5.5 GPM to 6 GPM, 6 GPM to 6.5 GPM, 6.5 GPM to 7 GPM, 7 GPM to 7.5 GPM, 7.5 GPM to 8 GPM, 8 GPM to 8.5 GPM, 8.5 GPM to 9 GPM, 9 GPM to 9.5 GPM, 9.5 GPM to 10 GPM, and 10 GPM to 10.5 GPM.

In embodiments, the second solvent content of the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) that is transferred to the mixture input (KAR) of the spray dryer (KAP) ranges between 50 weight percent solvent and 95 weight percent solvent. In embodiments, the solvent content of the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) that is transferred to the mixture input (KAR) of the spray dryer (KAP) ranges between 60 weight percent solvent and 92 weight percent solvent.

In embodiments, the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) is pressurized. An inlet pressure sensor (KBE) is provided to measure the inlet pressure prior to the spray dryer (KAP). The inlet pressure sensor (KBE) measures the pressure of the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) that is introduced to the liquid input (KAR) of the spray dryer (KAP). The inlet pressure sensor (KBE) transmits a signal (KBF) to the computer (COMP).

In embodiments, the range of pressure that the inlet pressure sensor (KBE) transmits to the computer (COMP) ranges from one or more from the group consisting of: 5 pounds per square inch (PSI) to 10 PSI; 10 PSI to 15 PSI; 15 PSI to 20 PSI; 20 PSI to 25 PSI; 25 PSI to 30 PSI; 30 PSI to 35 PSI; 35 PSI to 40 PSI; 40 PSI to 45 PSI; 45 PSI to 50 PSI; 50 PSI to 55 PSI; 55 PSI to 60 PSI; 60 PSI to 65 PSI; 65 PSI to 70 PSI; 70 PSI to 75 PSI; 75 PSI to 80 PSI; 80 PSI to 85 PSI; 85 PSI to 90 PSI; 90 PSI to 95 PSI; 95 PSI to 100 PSI; 100 PSI to 125 PSI; 125 PSI to 145 PSI; 145 PSI to 170 PSI; 170 PSI to 195 PSI; 195 PSI to 200 PSI; 200 PSI to 220 PSI; 220 PSI to 250 PSI; 250 PSI to 275 PSI; 275 PSI to 300 PSI; 300 PSI to 350 PSI; 350 PSI to 402 PSI; 402 PSI to 463 PSI; 463 PSI to 532 PSI; 532 PSI to 612 PSI; 612 PSI to 704 PSI; 704 PSI to 809 PSI; 809 PSI to 930 PSI; 930 PSI to 1070 PSI; 1,070 PSI to 1,231 PSI; 1,231 PSI to 1,415 PSI; 1,415 PSI to 1,627 PSI; 1,627 PSI to 1,872 PSI; 1,872 PSI to 2,152 PSI; 2,152 PSI to 2,475 PSI; 2,475 PSI to 2,846 PSI; 2,846 PSI to 3,273 PSI; 3,273 PSI to 3,764 PSI; 3,764 PSI to 4,329 PSI; 4,329 PSI to 4,978 PSI; 4,978 PSI to 5,725 PSI; 5,725 PSI to 6,584 PSI; 6,584 PSI to 7,571 PSI; 7,571 PSI to 8,707 PSI; 8,707 PSI to 10,013 PSI; 10,013 PSI to 11,515 PSI; and 11,515 PSI to 15,000 PSI.

In embodiments, the residence time of the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) and gas supply (KAG) within the spray dryer (KAP) or drying chamber (KBG) ranges from one or more from the group selected from: 0.1 seconds to 1 seconds, 1 seconds to 2 seconds, 2 seconds to 3 seconds, 3 seconds to 4 seconds, 4 seconds to 5 seconds, 5 seconds to 6 seconds, 6 seconds to 7 seconds, 7 seconds to 8 seconds, 8 seconds to 9 seconds, 9 seconds to 10 seconds, 10 seconds to 12 seconds, 12 seconds to 15 seconds, 15 seconds to 20 seconds, 20 seconds to 25 seconds, 25 seconds to 30 seconds, 30 seconds to 35 seconds, 35 seconds to 40 seconds, 40 seconds to 45 seconds, 45 seconds to 50 seconds, 50 seconds to 55 seconds, 55 seconds to 60 seconds, 60 seconds to 65 seconds, 65 seconds to 70 seconds, 70 seconds to 80 seconds, 80 seconds to 90 seconds, 90 seconds to 100 seconds, 100 seconds to 110 seconds, and 110 seconds to 120 seconds.

A gas supply (KAG) is made available to the spray dryer (KAP) via a gas input (KAQ). In embodiments, the gas supply (KAG) may include a gas. In embodiments, the gas supply (KAG) may include a carbon dioxide. In embodiments, the gas supply (KAG) may include air. In embodiments, the gas supply (KAG) may include an oxygen-containing gas which includes air, oxygen-enriched-air i.e. greater than 21 mole % O2, and substantially pure oxygen, i.e. greater than about 95 mole % oxygen (the remainder usually comprising N2 and rare gases). In embodiments, the gas supply (KAG) may include flue gas which includes a vapor or gaseous mixture containing varying amounts of nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and oxygen (O2). Flue gas is generated from the thermochemical process of combustion. In embodiments, the gas supply (KAG) may include a combustion stream.

A filter (KAH) is made available to remove particulates from the gas supply (KAG) prior to being introduced to the gas input (KAQ) of the spray dryer (KAP). A filter (KAH) may include a sorbent (KAH′) and be configured to adsorb and/or absorb at least one component that is contained within the gas supply (KAG) prior to being introduced to the gas input (KAQ) of the spray dryer (KAP). In embodiments, the filter (KAH) may be a dehumidifier. In embodiments, the filter (KAH) may remove water from the gas supply (KAG) using an adsorbent. In embodiments, the adsorbent used in the filter (KAH) be selected from one or more from grow group consisting of 3 Angstrom molecular sieve, 3 Angstrom zeolite, 4 Angstrom molecular sieve, 4 Angstrom zeolite, activated alumina, activated carbon, adsorbent, alumina, carbon, catalyst, clay, desiccant, molecular sieve, polymer, resin, and silica gel. In embodiments, the filter (KAH) may include any conceivable means to remove moisture from the gas supply (KAG), such as an air conditioner, cooling tower, an adsorber, a plurality of adsorbers. In embodiments, the filter (KAH) may include a cooling tower followed by an adsorber. In embodiments, the filter (KAH) may include a cooling tower followed by a plurality of adsorbers. In embodiments, an adsorber is a packed bed of adsorbent. In embodiments, an adsorber is a moving bed of adsorbent. In embodiments, an adsorber contains an adsorbent.

A fan (KAI) is made available and is configured to introduce the gas supply (KAG) to the spray dryer (KAP). The fan (KAI) is equipped with a motor (KAJ) that has a controller (KAK) which is configured to input or output a signal (KAL) to the computer (COMP). In embodiments, the fan (KAI) operates within a range that is selected from one or more from the group consisting of: 350 standard cubic feet per minute (SCFM) to 3,500 SCFM; 700 SCFM to 7,000 SCFM; 1,050 SCFM to 10,500 SCFM; 1,400 SCFM to 14,000 SCFM; 1,750 SCFM to 17,500 SCFM; 2,100 SCFM to 21,000 SCFM; 2,450 SCFM to 24,500 SCFM; 2,800 SCFM to 28,000 SCFM; 3,150 SCFM to 31,500 SCFM; 3,500 SCFM to 35,000 SCFM; 3,850 SCFM to 38,500 SCFM; 4,200 SCFM to 42,000 SCFM; 4,550 SCFM to 45,500 SCFM; 4,900 SCFM to 49,000 SCFM; 5,250 SCFM to 52,500 SCFM; 5,600 SCFM to 56,000 SCFM; 5,950 SCFM to 59,500 SCFM; 6,300 SCFM to 63,000 SCFM; 6,650 SCFM to 66,500 SCFM; 7,000 SCFM to 70,000 SCFM; and 7,350 SCFM to 73,500 SCFM.

In embodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 0.5 to 1 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 350 standard cubic feet per minute (SCFM) to 3,500 SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 0.5 to 1 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 700 SCFM to 7,000 SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 1 to 1.5 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 1,050 SCFM to 10,500 SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 1.5 to 5 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 1,400 SCFM to 14,000 SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 2 to 2.5 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 1,750 SCFM to 17,500 SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 2.5 to 3 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 2,100 SCFM to 21,000 SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 3 to 3.5 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 2,450 SCFM to 24,500 SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 3.5 to 4 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 2,800 SCFM to 28,000 SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 4 to 4.5 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 3,150 SCFM to 31,500 SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 4.5 to 5 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 3,500 SCFM to 35,000 SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 5 to 5.5 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 3,850 SCFM to 38,500 SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 5.5 to 6 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 4,200 SCFM to 42,000 SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 6 to 6.5 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 4,550 SCFM to 45,500 SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 6.5 to 7 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 4,900 SCFM to 49,000 SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 7 to 7.5 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 5,250 SCFM to 52,500 SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 7.5 to 8 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 5,600 SCFM to 56,000 SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 8 to 8.5 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 5,950 SCFM to 59,500 SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 8.5 to 9 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 6,300 SCFM to 63,000 SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 9 to 9.5 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 6,650 SCFM to 66,500 SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 9.5 to 10 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 7,000 SCFM to 70,000 SCFM. In embodiments, at a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) flow rate of 10 to 10.5 GPM, the fan (KAI) operates in a range between 7,350 SCFM to 73,500 SCFM.

An air heater (KAF) is made available to heat the gas supply (KAG) prior to being introduced to the gas input (KAQ) of the spray dryer (KAP). FIG. 17E shows the gas supply (KAG) first entering the filter (KAH), then the fan (KAI), and then the air heater (KAF). It is to be noted that combinations of the filter (KAH), fan (KAI), and air heater (KAF) shown in FIG. 17E are non-limiting. For example, the fan (KAI) may be before the filter (KAH), the fan (KAI) may be after the air heater (KAF), the filter (KAH) may be after the fan (KAI), the filter (KAH) may be after the air heater (KAF), the air heater (KAF) may be before the fan (KAI). The air heater (KAF) provides a heated gas supply (KAG) to the spray dryer (KAP).

In embodiments, the ideal range that the temperature sensor (KAM) inputs into the computer (COMP) while measuring the heated gas supply (KAG) is preferably set to 250 degrees Fahrenheit to 600 degrees Fahrenheit, but more preferably to 300 degrees Fahrenheit to 5000 degrees Fahrenheit, but more preferably to 350 degrees Fahrenheit to 450 degrees Fahrenheit. In embodiments, the heated gas supply (KAG) has a temperature selected from the group consisting of: 250 degrees Fahrenheit to 275 degrees Fahrenheit; 275 degrees Fahrenheit to 300 degrees Fahrenheit; 300 degrees Fahrenheit to 325 degrees Fahrenheit; 325 degrees Fahrenheit to 350 degrees Fahrenheit; 350 degrees Fahrenheit to 375 degrees Fahrenheit; 375 degrees Fahrenheit to 400 degrees Fahrenheit; 400 degrees Fahrenheit to 425 degrees Fahrenheit; 425 degrees Fahrenheit to 450 degrees Fahrenheit; 450 degrees Fahrenheit to 475 degrees Fahrenheit; 475 degrees Fahrenheit to 500 degrees Fahrenheit; 500 degrees Fahrenheit to 525 degrees Fahrenheit; 525 degrees Fahrenheit to 550 degrees Fahrenheit; 550 degrees Fahrenheit to 575 degrees Fahrenheit; 575 degrees Fahrenheit to 600 degrees Fahrenheit; 600 degrees Fahrenheit to 625 degrees Fahrenheit; 625 degrees Fahrenheit to 650 degrees Fahrenheit; 650 degrees Fahrenheit to 675 degrees Fahrenheit; 675 degrees Fahrenheit to 700 degrees Fahrenheit; 700 degrees Fahrenheit to 725 degrees Fahrenheit; 725 degrees Fahrenheit to 750 degrees Fahrenheit; 750 degrees Fahrenheit to 775 degrees Fahrenheit; and 775 degrees Fahrenheit to 800 degrees Fahrenheit.

The temperature sensor (KAM) is configured to input a signal (KAN) to the computer (COMP). The computer (COMP), temperature sensor (KAM), and the motor (KAJ) of the fan (KAI) may be used together in a temperature control loop to maintain a constant pre-determined temperature of heated gas to the spray dryer (KAP).

In embodiments, the heated gas supply (KAG) is created by indirect contact with steam in the air heater (KAF). In embodiments, the air heater (KAF) may be electrically heated or heated by a combustion steam or flue gas. The heated gas supply (KAG) may also be a combustion stream. In embodiments, the air heater (KAF) accepts a source of steam from a steam drum (LBE) as shown on FIG. 17F. The steam drum (LBE) provides an eighth steam supply (LDM) to the air heater (KAF), as discussed below. The eighth steam supply (LDM) may be saturated or superheated steam. A steam flow control valve (KAA) is configured to regulate the flow of the steam that passes through the air heater (KAF). The steam flow control valve (KAA) is equipped with a controller (KAB) that sends a signal (KAC) to or from the computer (COMP).

A flow sensor (KAD) is configured to measure the flow of the steam that passes through the air heater (KAF). The flow sensor (KAD) sends a signal (KAE) to the computer (COMP). The computer (COMP), steam flow control valve (KAA), and the flow sensor (KAD) may be used in a control loop to control the flow of steam that is passed through the air heater (KAF). In embodiments, the computer (COMP), steam flow control valve (KAA), flow sensor (KAD), temperature sensor (KAM), and motor (KAJ) of the fan (KAI) may be used together in a temperature control loop to maintain a constant pre-determined temperature of heated gas to the spray dryer (KAP). The steam flow control valve (KAA) may be positioned before or after the air heater (KAF). The air heater (KAF) discharges an eighth condensate (LJA) to the condensate tank (LAP) that is shown on FIG. 17F. A condensate temperature sensor (KK1) is configured to measure the temperature of the eighth condensate (LJA) that leaves the air heater (KAF). The condensate temperature sensor (KK1) sends a signal (KK2) to the computer (COMP).

In embodiments, the solvent separation system separates liquid solvent from the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) by converting the liquid into a vapor. In embodiments, the solvent separation system evaporates liquid from within the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) by use of an evaporator (KAO). A spray dryer (KAP) is a type of evaporator (KAO).

In embodiments, the spray dryer (KAP) evaporator (KAO) operates at a temperature greater than the boiling point of the liquid solvent within the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) to vaporize the liquid portion of the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) into a vapor. In embodiments, the spray dryer (KAP) is configured to mix a heated gas supply (KAG′) with a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) under precise computer operated automated control to generate a volatiles and gas mixture (KBV).

In embodiments, the spray dryer (KAP) has an interior (KAP′) which accepts both the heated gas supply (KAG′) and the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM). In embodiments, the spray dryer (KAP) has an interior (KAP′) which accepts both the heated gas supply (KAG′) via the gas input (KAQ) and the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) via the liquid input (KAR). In embodiments, the spray dryer (KAP) is equipped with a plurality of spray nozzles (KBC) that dispense the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) within the interior (KAP′) of the spray dryer (KAP).

In embodiments the spray dryer (KAP) has a drying chamber (KBG) which evaporates liquid within the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM). In embodiments, interior (KBG′) of the drying chamber (KBG) is located within the interior (KAP′) of the spray dryer (KAP). In embodiments the spray dryer (KAP) has an air distributor (KAT) that is configured to accept the heated gas supply (KAG′) from the gas input (KAQ) and distribute it to the interior (KAP′) of the drying chamber (KBG). In embodiments, the heated gas supply (KAG′) is introduced to the interior (KAP′) of the spray dryer (KAP) via the air distributor (KAT) using centrifugal momentum.

In embodiments, the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) is introduced to the interior (KAP′) of the spray dryer (KAP) via a plurality of spray nozzles (KBC). In embodiments, the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) is introduced to the interior (KBG′) of the drying chamber (KBG) via a plurality of spray nozzles (KBC). In embodiments, the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) is introduced to the interior (KAP′) of the spray dryer (KAP) via a rotary atomizer (KAU) which may have a spray nozzle (KBC) or a plurality of spray nozzles (KBC). In embodiments, the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) is introduced to the interior (KBG′) of the drying chamber (KBG) via a rotary atomizer (KAU). In embodiments, the rotary atomizer (KAU) dispenses second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) or start-up liquid (KEO) into the interior (KBG′) of the drying chamber (KBG) via an opening (KBD) or a plurality of openings (KBD) or a spray nozzle (KBC) or a plurality of spray nozzles (KBC).

In embodiments the pressure drop across the opening (KBD), plurality of openings (KBD), spray nozzle (KBC), or plurality of spray nozzles (KBC) includes one or more from the group consisting of: 5 pounds per square inch (PSI) to 10 PSI; 10 PSI to 15 PSI; 15 PSI to 20 PSI; 20 PSI to 25 PSI; 25 PSI to 30 PSI; 30 PSI to 35 PSI; 35 PSI to 40 PSI; 40 PSI to 45 PSI; 45 PSI to 50 PSI; 50 PSI to 55 PSI; 55 PSI to 60 PSI; 60 PSI to 65 PSI; 65 PSI to 70 PSI; 70 PSI to 75 PSI; 75 PSI to 80 PSI; 80 PSI to 85 PSI; 85 PSI to 90 PSI; 90 PSI to 95 PSI; 95 PSI to 100 PSI; 100 PSI to 125 PSI; 125 PSI to 145 PSI; 145 PSI to 170 PSI; 170 PSI to 195 PSI; 195 PSI to 200 PSI; 200 PSI to 220 PSI; 220 PSI to 250 PSI; 250 PSI to 275 PSI; 275 PSI to 300 PSI; 300 PSI to 350 PSI; 350 PSI to 402 PSI; 402 PSI to 463 PSI; 463 PSI to 532 PSI; 532 PSI to 612 PSI; 612 PSI to 704 PSI; 704 PSI to 809 PSI; 809 PSI to 930 PSI; 930 PSI to 1070 PSI; 1,070 PSI to 1,231 PSI; 1,231 PSI to 1,415 PSI; 1,415 PSI to 1,627 PSI; 1,627 PSI to 1,872 PSI; 1,872 PSI to 2,152 PSI; 2,152 PSI to 2,475 PSI; 2,475 PSI to 2,846 PSI; 2,846 PSI to 3,273 PSI; 3,273 PSI to 3,764 PSI; 3,764 PSI to 4,329 PSI; 4,329 PSI to 4,978 PSI; 4,978 PSI to 5,725 PSI; 5,725 PSI to 6,584 PSI; 6,584 PSI to 7,571 PSI; 7,571 PSI to 8,707 PSI; 8,707 PSI to 10,013 PSI; 10,013 PSI to 11,515 PSI; and 11,515 PSI to 15,000 PSI.

The rotary atomizer (KAU) has a motor (KAV) and a controller (KAW) that is configured to input or output a signal (KAX) to the computer (COMP). In embodiments, the motor (KAV) of the rotary atomizer (KAU) is connected to a shaft (KBA). In embodiments, the shaft (KBA) is connected to a disc (KBB). In embodiments, the disc (KBB) has an opening (KBD) or a plurality of openings (KBD) or spray nozzle (KBC) or a plurality of spray nozzles (KBC) installed on it. In embodiments, the motor (KAV) rotates the shaft (KBA) which in turn rotates the disc (KBB) and then distributes the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) or start-up liquid (KEO) to the interior (KAP′) of the spray dryer (KAP) or the interior (KBG′) of the drying chamber (KBG).

In embodiments, the spray nozzle (KBC) or plurality of spray nozzles (KBC) each have an opening (KBD). In embodiments, the spray nozzle (KBC) or plurality of spray nozzles (KBC) each have a spray aperture (KK4). In embodiments, the spray nozzle (KBC) or plurality of spray nozzles (KBC) each have an orifice (KK5). In embodiments, the spray nozzle (KBC) or plurality of spray nozzles (KBC) each have an impingement surface (KK6).

In embodiments, at least a portion of the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) or start-up liquid (KEO) contact an impingement surface (KK6) prior to being dispensed to the interior (KAP′) of the spray dryer (KAP) or the interior (KBG′) of the drying chamber (KBG) via a spray aperture (KK4). In embodiments, at least a portion of the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) or start-up liquid (KEO) pass through an orifice (KK5) prior to being dispensed to the interior (KAP′) of the spray dryer (KAP) or the interior (KBG′) of the drying chamber (KBG) via a spray aperture (KK4). In embodiments, at least a portion of the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) or start-up liquid (KEO) pass through the spray nozzle (KBC) or plurality of spray nozzles (KBC) and contact an orifice (KK5) prior to being dispensed to the interior (KAP′) of the spray dryer (KAP) or the interior (KBG′) of the drying chamber (KBG).

In embodiments, the plurality of spray nozzles (KBC) have a spray pattern is a hollow cone, full cone, or a flat spray. In embodiments, the spray pattern includes is that of the whirling type. In embodiments, the whirling type spray nozzle sprays the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) or start-up liquid (KEO) while rotating the liquid (SVSM, KEO) across a portion of the spray nozzle (KBC). A whirling type spray nozzle (KBC) is one that sprays the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) or start-up liquid (KEO) while rotating the liquid (SVSM, KEO) across a portion of the spray nozzle (KBC) after a pressure drop has taken place. A whirling type spray nozzle (KBD) is one that sprays the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) or start-up liquid (KEO) while rotating the liquid (SVSM, KEO) across a portion of the spray nozzle after the liquid or slurry has passed through an orifice.

In embodiments, a whirling type spray nozzle (KBD) includes an orifice (KK5) and an impingement surface (KK6): the orifice (KK5) is configured to accept second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) or start-up liquid (KEO) and drop the pressure from a first higher pressure to a second lower pressure, the first pressure being greater than the second pressure; an impingement surface (KK6) that is configured to accept the liquid (SVSM, KEO) at the second pressure at change its direction to impart rotational or centrifugal momentum.

A whirling type spray nozzle (KBD) is one that sprays a liquid (SVSM, KEO) under cyclone conditions. In embodiments, the spray nozzle (KBD) is comprised of ceramic, metal, brass, 316 stainless steel, 316L stainless steel, stainless steel, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or plastic, or a composite material. In embodiments, the spray nozzle (KBC) opening (KBD) ranges from 0.030 inches to 0.30 inches. In embodiments, the spray nozzle (KBC) opening (KBD) ranges from 0.03 inches to 0.16 inches. In embodiments, the spray nozzle (KBC) orifice (KK5) ranges from 0.030 inches to 0.30 inches. In embodiments, the spray nozzle (KBC) orifice (KK5) ranges from 0.03 inches to 0.16 inches.

In embodiments, the spray nozzle (KBC) has an orifice (KK5) and a spray aperture (KK4). In embodiments, the spray angle of the spray nozzle (KBC) ranges from 15° to 120°. In embodiments, the spray angle of the spray nozzle (KBC) ranges from 30° to 100°. In embodiments, the spray angle of the spray nozzle (KBC) ranges from 40° to 90°. In embodiments, the spray angle of the spray nozzle (KBC) ranges from 50° to 85°. In embodiments, the spray angle of the spray nozzle (KBC) ranges from 70° to 75°. In embodiments, the spray angle of the spray nozzle (KBC) ranges from 45° to 89°. In embodiments, the spray angle of the spray nozzle (KBC) ranges from 90° to 134°. In embodiments, the spray angle of the spray nozzle (KBC) ranges from 135° to 179°. In embodiments, the spray angle of the spray nozzle ranges (KBC) from 180° to 360°.

In embodiments, the spray nozzle (KBC) creates solid volatiles particulates that have a size selected from one or more from the group consisting of: 0.01 microns to 0.1 microns, 0.1 microns to 0.5 microns, 0.5 microns to 1 microns, 1 microns to 2 microns, 2 microns to 4 microns, 4 microns to 8 microns, 8 microns to 10 microns, 10 microns to 20 microns, 20 microns to 30 microns, 30 microns to 40 microns, 40 microns to 50 microns, 50 microns to 60 microns, 60 microns to 70 microns, 70 microns to 80 microns, 80 microns to 90 microns, 90 microns to 100 microns, and 100 microns to 200 microns.

In embodiments, the spray nozzle (KBC) creates solid volatiles particulates that have a size selected from one or more from the group consisting of: 0.001 microns to 0.002 microns; 0.002 microns to 0.004 microns; 0.004 microns to 0.008 microns; 0.008 microns to 0.016 microns; 0.016 microns to 0.032 microns; 0.032 microns to 0.064 microns; 0.064 microns to 0.122 microns; 0.128 microns to 0.251 microns; 0.256 microns to 0.512 microns; 0.512 microns to 1.0 microns; 1.0 microns to 1.5 microns; 1.5 microns to 2.3 microns; 2.3 microns to 3.5 microns; 3.5 microns to 5.2 microns; 5.2 microns to 7.8 microns; 7.8 microns to 12 microns; 12 microns to 17 microns; 17 microns to 26 microns; 26 microns to 39 microns; 39 microns to 59 microns; 59 microns to 89 microns; 89 microns to 133 microns; 133 microns to 199 microns; 199 microns to 299 microns; 299 microns to 448 microns; 448 microns to 673 microns; 673 microns to 1009 microns; 1009 microns to 1513 microns; 1513 microns to 2270 microns; 2270 microns to 3405 microns; 3405 microns to 5108 microns; and 5108 microns to 7661 microns.

In embodiments, each spray nozzle (KBC) is affixed to the disc (KAB) using one or more connectors selected from the group consisting of national pipe thread, British standard pipe thread, and welded. In embodiments, the spray nozzle (KBC) is connected to the disc (KAB) using 0.25 inch national pipe threads, 0.375 inch national pipe threads, 0.50 inch national pipe threads, 0.625 inch national pipe threads, 0.75 inch national pipe threads, 1 inch national pipe threads, 1.25 inch national pipe threads, 1.375 inch national pipe threads, 1.625 inch national pipe threads, 1.75 inch national pipe threads, 1.875 inch national pipe threads, or 2 inch national pipe threads. In embodiments, the spray nozzle (KBC) is connected to the disc (KAB) using a fitting that includes 0.25 inch pipe threads, 0.375 inch pipe threads, 0.50 inch pipe threads, 0.625 inch pipe threads, 0.75 inch pipe threads, 1 inch pipe threads, 1.25 inch pipe threads, 1.375 inch pipe threads, 1.625 inch pipe threads, 1.75 inch pipe threads, 1.875 inch pipe threads, or 2 inch pipe threads.

In embodiments, the flow through the disc (KAB) is selected from one or more from the group consisting of 30 gallons per hour to 90 gallons per hour, 90 gallons per hour to 210 gallons per hour, 210 gallons per hour to 330 gallons per hour, 330 gallons per hour to 450 gallons per hour, and 450 gallons per hour to 630 gallons per hour.

In embodiments, the disc (KAB) is has a plurality of spray nozzles (KBC), the plurality of spray nozzles (KBC) is comprised of a quantity of spray nozzles that is selected from one or more from the group consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, and 42 spray nozzles.

In embodiments, the disc (KAB) is has a plurality of spray nozzles (KBC), the quantity of spray nozzles (KBC) that are installed on the disc (KAB) is selected from one or more from the group consisting of: 1 spray nozzles to 3 spray nozzles, 3 spray nozzles to 6 spray nozzles, 6 spray nozzles to 9 spray nozzles, 9 spray nozzles to 12 spray nozzles, 12 spray nozzles to 15 spray nozzles, 15 spray nozzles to 18 spray nozzles, 18 spray nozzles to 21 spray nozzles, 21 spray nozzles to 24 spray nozzles, 24 spray nozzles to 27 spray nozzles, 27 spray nozzles to 30 spray nozzles, 30 spray nozzles to 33 spray nozzles, 33 spray nozzles to 36 spray nozzles, 36 spray nozzles to 39 spray nozzles, and 39 spray nozzles to 42 spray nozzles.

In embodiments, where 1 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle in gallons per hour (GPH) ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 30 GPH to 90 GPH, 90 GPH to 210 GPH, 210 GPH to 330 GPH, 330 GPH to 450 GPH, and 450 GPH to 630 GPH. In embodiments, where 2 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 15 GPH to 45 GPH, 45 GPH to 105 GPH, 105 GPH to 165 GPH, 165 GPH to 225 GPH, and 225 GPH to 315 GPH. In embodiments, where 3 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 10 GPH to 30 GPH 30 GPH to 70 GPH 70 GPH to 110 GPH 110 GPH to 150 GPH, and 150 GPH to 210 GPH.

In embodiments, where 4 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 8 GPH to 23 GPH, 23 GPH to 53 GPH, 53 GPH to 83 GPH, 83 GPH to 113 GPH, and 113 GPH to 158 GPH. In embodiments, where 5 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 6 GPH to 18 GPH, 18 GPH to 42 GPH, 42 GPH to 66 GPH, 66 GPH to 90 GPH, and 90 GPH to 126 GPH. In embodiments, where 6 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 15 GPH to 35 GPH, 35 GPH to 55 GPH, 55 GPH to 75 GPH, and 75 GPH to 105 GPH.

In embodiments, where 7 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 12.857 GPH and 30 GPH, 30 GPH and 47.143 GPH, 47.143 GPH and 64.286 GPH, and 64.286 GPH and 90 GPH. In embodiments, where 8 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 11.250 GPH to 26.250 GPH, 26.250 GPH to 41.250 GPH, 41.250 GPH to 56.250 GPH, and 56.250 GPH to 78.750 GPH. In embodiments, where 9 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 10.000 GPH to 23.333 GPH, 23.333 GPH to 36.667 GPH, 36.667 GPH to 50.000 GPH, and 50.000 GPH to 70.000 GPH.

In embodiments, where 10 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 9 GPH to 21 GPH, 21 GPH to 33 GPH, 33 GPH to 45 GPH, and 45 GPH to 63 GPH. In embodiments, where 11 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 8.182 GPH to 19.091 GPH, 19.091 GPH to 30.000 GPH, 30.000 GPH to 40.909 GPH, and 40.909 GPH to 57.273 GPH. In embodiments, where 12 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 7.5 GPH to 17.5 GPH, 17.5 GPH to 27.5 GPH, 27.5 GPH to 37.5 GPH, and 37.5 GPH to 52.5 GPH.

In embodiments, where 13 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 6.923 GPH to 16.154 GPH, 16.154 GPH to 25.385 GPH, 25.385 GPH to 34.615 GPH, and 34.615 GPH to 48.462 GPH. In embodiments, where 14 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 6.429 GPH to 15.000 GPH, 15.000 GPH to 23.571 GPH, 23.571 GPH to 32.143 GPH, and 32.143 GPH to 45.000 GPH. In embodiments, where 15 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 6 GPH to 14 GPH, 14 GPH to 22 GPH, 22 GPH to 30 GPH, and 30 GPH to 42 GPH.

In embodiments, where 16 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 13.125 GPH to 20.625 GPH, 20.625 GPH to 28.125 GPH, and 28.125 GPH to 39.375 GPH. In embodiments, where 17 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 12.353 GPH to 19.412 GPH, 19.412 GPH to 26.471 GPH, and 26.471 GPH to 37.059 GPH. In embodiments, where 18 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 11.667 GPH to 18.333 GPH, 18.333 GPH to 25.000 GPH, and 25.000 GPH to 35.000 GPH.

In embodiments, where 19 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 11.053 GPH to 17.368 GPH, 17.368 GPH to 23.684 GPH, and 23.684 GPH to 33.158 GPH. In embodiments, where 20 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 10.500 GPH to 16.500 GPH, 16.500 GPH to 22.500 GPH, and 22.500 GPH to 31.500 GPH. In embodiments, where 21 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 10.000 GPH to 15.714 GPH, 15.714 GPH to 21.429 GPH, and 21.429 GPH to 30.000 GPH.

In embodiments, where 22 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 9.545 GPH to 15.000 GPH, 15.000 GPH to 20.455 GPH, and 20.455 GPH to 28.636 GPH. In embodiments, where 23 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 9.130 GPH to 14.348 GPH, 14.348 GPH to 19.565 GPH, and 19.565 GPH to 27.391 GPH. In embodiments, where 24 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 8.75 GPH to 13.75 GPH, 13.75 GPH to 18.75 GPH, and 18.75 GPH to 26.25 GPH.

In embodiments, where 25 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 8.40 GPH to 13.20 GPH, 13.20 GPH to 18.00 GPH, and 18.00 GPH to 25.20 GPH. In embodiments, where 26 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 8.077 GPH to 12.692 GPH, 12.692 GPH to 17.308 GPH, and 17.308 GPH to 24.231 GPH. In embodiments, where 27 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 7.778 GPH to 12.222 GPH, 12.222 GPH to 16.667 GPH, and 16.667 GPH to 23.333 GPH.

In embodiments, where 28 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 7.500 GPH to 11.786 GPH, 11.786 GPH to 16.071 GPH, and 16.071 GPH to 22.500 GPH. In embodiments, where 29 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 7.241 GPH to 11.379 GPH, 11.379 GPH to 15.517 GPH, and 15.517 GPH to 21.724 GPH. In embodiments, where 30 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 7 GPH to 11 GPH, 11 GPH to 15 GPH, and 15 GPH to 21 GPH.

In embodiments, where 31 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 6.774 GPH to 10.645 GPH, 10.645 GPH to 14.516 GPH, and 14.516 GPH to 20.323 GPH. In embodiments, where 32 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 6.563 GPH to 10.313 GPH, 10.313 GPH to 14.063 GPH, and 14.063 GPH to 19.688 GPH. In embodiments, where 33 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 6.364 GPH to 10.000 GPH, 10.000 GPH to 13.636 GPH, and 13.636 GPH to 19.091 GPH.

In embodiments, where 34 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 6.176 GPH to 9.706 GPH, 9.706 GPH to 13.235 GPH, and 13.235 GPH to 18.529 GPH. In embodiments, where 35 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from one of more from the group consisting of: 6.000 GPH to 9.429 GPH, 9.429 GPH to 12.857 GPH, and 12.857 GPH to 18.000 GPH. In embodiments, where 36 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from 9.167 GPH to 12.500 GPH, or 12.500 GPH to 17.500 GPH. In embodiments, where 37 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from 8.919 GPH to 12.162 GPH, or 12.162 GPH to 17.027 GPH. In embodiments, where 38 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from 8.684 GPH to 11.842 GPH, or 11.842 GPH to 16.579 GPH. In embodiments, where 39 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from 8.462 GPH to 11.538 GPH, or 11.538 GPH to 16.154 GPH. In embodiments, where 40 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from 8.250 GPH to 11.250 GPH, or 11.250 GPH to 15.750 GPH. In embodiments, where 41 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges 8.049 GPH to 10.976 GPH, or 10.976 GPH to 15.366 GPH. In embodiments, where 42 spray nozzles are used, the flow through each spray nozzle ranges from 7.857 GPH to 10.714 GPH, or 10.714 GPH to 15.000 GPH.

In embodiments, the drying chamber (KBG) is equipped with a heating jacket (KBJ), the heating jacket (KBJ) has a heat transfer medium inlet (KBK) and a heat transfer medium outlet (KBL). FIG. 17E shows the heating jacket (KBJ) installed over a portion of the drying chamber (KBG) creating an interior (KBJ1) having an annular space within which a heat transfer medium flows. A source of steam is provided to the heat transfer medium inlet (KBK). This steam may be a steam supply (LDP) that is provided from a steam drum (LBE) as indicated on FIG. 17F.

In embodiments, a steam trap (KX6) is configured to accept steam, condensate, or non-condensable gases from the interior (KBJ1) of the heating jacket (KBJ) via a heat transfer medium outlet (KBL). Steam, condensate, or non-condensable gases are passed through the valve. During normal operation, only condensate flow through the steam trap (KX6). The condensate the flows through the steam trap (KX6) is the ninth condensate (LJB) that is passed to the condensate tank (LAP) as shown on FIG. 17F.

In embodiments, the steam trap (KX6) is a valve which automatically drains the condensate from the interior (KBJ1) of the heating jacket (KBJ) while remaining tight to live steam, or if necessary, allowing steam to flow at a controlled or adjusted rate. In embodiments, the steam trap (KX6) also allows non-condensable gases to pass through it while remaining tight to steam. In embodiments, the steam trap (KX6) is a mechanical trap such as a bucket trap or a floating ball trap. In embodiments, the steam trap (KX6) is a thermostatic trap such as a balanced pressure trap or a bimetallic trap. In embodiments, the steam trap (KX6) is a thermodynamic trap which work by using the difference in velocity between steam and condensate.

In embodiments, a steam flow control valve (KX1) is provided and is configured to regulate the flow of steam that is passes through the heating jacket (KBJ). The steam flow control valve (KX1) has a controller (KX2) which is configured to input or output a signal (KX3) to the computer (COMP). FIG. 17E shows the steam flow control valve (KX1) positioned to regulate steam that enters the heat transfer medium inlet (KBK) of the heating jacket (KBJ). It is to be noted that it is also contemplated that in certain instances, the steam flow control valve (KX1) may be positioned to regulate the heat transfer fluid that is discharged from the interior (KBJ1) of the heating jacket (KBJ) via the heat transfer medium outlet (KBL).

In embodiments, a flow sensor (KX4) is provided to measure the flow of heat transfer fluid that is passes through the heating jacket (KBJ). FIG. 17E shows the flow sensor (KX4) positioned to measure the flow of steam that enters the heat transfer medium inlet (KBK) of the heating jacket (KBJ). It is to be noted that it is also contemplated that in certain instances, the flow sensor (KX4) may be positioned to measure the heat transfer fluid (steam or steam condensate) that is discharged from the interior (KBJ1) of the heating jacket (KBJ) via the heat transfer medium outlet (KBL). The flow sensor (KX4) inputs a signal (KX5) to the computer (COMP).

In embodiment, the heating jacket (KBJ) is configured to maintain the wall (KWG) within the interior (KBG′) drying chamber (KBG) at a constant temperature. In embodiments, the wall temperature ranges from one or more from the group consisting of between: 110 degrees Fahrenheit to 125 degrees Fahrenheit; 125 degrees Fahrenheit to 140 degrees Fahrenheit; 140 degrees Fahrenheit to 155 degrees Fahrenheit; 155 degrees Fahrenheit to 170 degrees Fahrenheit; 170 degrees Fahrenheit to 185 degrees Fahrenheit; 185 degrees Fahrenheit to 200 degrees Fahrenheit; 200 degrees Fahrenheit to 215 degrees Fahrenheit; 215 degrees Fahrenheit to 230 degrees Fahrenheit; 230 degrees Fahrenheit to 245 degrees Fahrenheit; 250 degrees Fahrenheit to 275 degrees Fahrenheit; 275 degrees Fahrenheit to 300 degrees Fahrenheit; 300 degrees Fahrenheit to 325 degrees Fahrenheit; 325 degrees Fahrenheit to 350 degrees Fahrenheit; 350 degrees Fahrenheit to 375 degrees Fahrenheit; 375 degrees Fahrenheit to 400 degrees Fahrenheit; 400 degrees Fahrenheit to 425 degrees Fahrenheit; 425 degrees Fahrenheit to 450 degrees Fahrenheit; 450 degrees Fahrenheit to 475 degrees Fahrenheit; 475 degrees Fahrenheit to 500 degrees Fahrenheit; 500 degrees Fahrenheit to 525 degrees Fahrenheit; 525 degrees Fahrenheit to 550 degrees Fahrenheit; 550 degrees Fahrenheit to 575 degrees Fahrenheit; 575 degrees Fahrenheit to 600 degrees Fahrenheit; 600 degrees Fahrenheit to 625 degrees Fahrenheit; 625 degrees Fahrenheit to 650 degrees Fahrenheit; 650 degrees Fahrenheit to 675 degrees Fahrenheit; 675 degrees Fahrenheit to 700 degrees Fahrenheit; 700 degrees Fahrenheit to 725 degrees Fahrenheit; 725 degrees Fahrenheit to 750 degrees Fahrenheit; 750 degrees Fahrenheit to 775 degrees Fahrenheit; and 775 degrees Fahrenheit to 800 degrees Fahrenheit.

In embodiments, it is desired to operate the heating jacket (KBJ) to maintain a wall (KWG) temperature sufficient to avoid sticking, deposition, burning of volatile particulates or liquid upon surface of the wall (KWG). In embodiments, the surface of the wall (KWG) transfers heat into the interior (KBG) of the drying chamber (KBG). In embodiments, it is desired to operate the heating jacket (KBJ) in a manner that is sufficient to maintain a wall (KWG) temperature that is known to now fouling of the heat surface by sticking, deposition, burning of volatile particulates or liquid upon surface of the wall (KWG). Powder build-up on the wall (KWG) within the interior (KBG′) surface of the drying chamber (KBG) poses problems related to start-up and shutdown as discussed below.

In embodiments, the openings (KM4) of the screen (KM3) or mesh (KM3′) are selected from one or more from the group consisting of 0.01 microns to 0.1 microns, 0.1 microns to 0.5 microns, 0.5 microns to 1 microns, 1 microns to 2 microns, 2 microns to 4 microns, 4 microns to 8 microns, 8 microns to 10 microns, 10 microns to 20 microns, 20 microns to 30 microns, 30 microns to 40 microns, 40 microns to 50 microns, 50 microns to 60 microns, 60 microns to 70 microns, 70 microns to 80 microns, 80 microns to 90 microns, 90 microns to 100 microns, and 100 microns to 200 microns.

In embodiments, the temperature sensor (KBY) positioned on the first transfer conduit (KBW) in between the second output (KBU) of the spray dryer (KAP) and the first input (KCB) of the first separator (KCA) that measures the temperature of the volatiles and gas mixture (KBV) is preferably optimized to be maintained at 120 degrees Fahrenheit to 400 degrees Fahrenheit, or between 135 degrees Fahrenheit to 300 degrees Fahrenheit, or between 140 degrees Fahrenheit to 160 degrees Fahrenheit, or between 146 degrees Fahrenheit to 154 degrees Fahrenheit. The temperature sensor (KBY) inputs a signal (KBX) to the computer (COMP).

In embodiments, the temperature sensor (KBY) positioned on the first transfer conduit (KBW) in between the second output (KBU) of the spray dryer (KAP) and the first input (KCB) of the first separator (KCA) that measures the temperature of the volatiles and gas mixture (KBV) is preferably optimized to be maintained at 150 degrees Fahrenheit to 250 degrees Fahrenheit, but more preferably to 135 degrees Fahrenheit to 180 degrees Fahrenheit, but more preferably to 145 degrees Fahrenheit to 155 degrees Fahrenheit.

In embodiments, the temperature of the volatiles and gas mixture (KBV) leaving the drying chamber (KBG) ranges from one or more from the group consisting of between: 110 degrees Fahrenheit to 125 degrees Fahrenheit; 125 degrees Fahrenheit to 140 degrees Fahrenheit; 140 degrees Fahrenheit to 155 degrees Fahrenheit; 155 degrees Fahrenheit to 170 degrees Fahrenheit; 170 degrees Fahrenheit to 185 degrees Fahrenheit; 185 degrees Fahrenheit to 200 degrees Fahrenheit; 200 degrees Fahrenheit to 215 degrees Fahrenheit; 215 degrees Fahrenheit to 230 degrees Fahrenheit; 230 degrees Fahrenheit to 245 degrees Fahrenheit; 250 degrees Fahrenheit to 275 degrees Fahrenheit; 275 degrees Fahrenheit to 300 degrees Fahrenheit; 300 degrees Fahrenheit to 325 degrees Fahrenheit; 325 degrees Fahrenheit to 350 degrees Fahrenheit; 350 degrees Fahrenheit to 375 degrees Fahrenheit; and 375 degrees Fahrenheit to 400 degrees Fahrenheit.

In embodiments, the difference in temperature between the heated gas supply (KAG′) and the volatiles and gas mixture (KBV) ranges from between 110 degrees Fahrenheit to 125 degrees Fahrenheit; 125 degrees Fahrenheit to 140 degrees Fahrenheit; 140 degrees Fahrenheit to 155 degrees Fahrenheit; 155 degrees Fahrenheit to 170 degrees Fahrenheit; 170 degrees Fahrenheit to 185 degrees Fahrenheit; 185 degrees Fahrenheit to 200 degrees Fahrenheit; 200 degrees Fahrenheit to 215 degrees Fahrenheit; 215 degrees Fahrenheit to 230 degrees Fahrenheit; 230 degrees Fahrenheit to 245 degrees Fahrenheit; 250 degrees Fahrenheit to 275 degrees Fahrenheit; 275 degrees Fahrenheit to 300 degrees Fahrenheit; 300 degrees Fahrenheit to 325 degrees Fahrenheit; 325 degrees Fahrenheit to 350 degrees Fahrenheit; 350 degrees Fahrenheit to 375 degrees Fahrenheit; 375 degrees Fahrenheit to 400 degrees Fahrenheit; 400 degrees Fahrenheit to 425 degrees Fahrenheit; 425 degrees Fahrenheit to 450 degrees Fahrenheit; 450 degrees Fahrenheit to 475 degrees Fahrenheit; 475 degrees Fahrenheit to 500 degrees Fahrenheit.

In embodiments, a pressure sensor (KBH) is configured to measure the pressure within the interior (KBG′) of the drying chamber (KBG) and output a signal (KBI) to the computer (COMP). In embodiments, the ranges of pressure within the interior (KBG′) of the drying chamber (KBG) is selected from one of more from the group consisting of: 1.5 pounds per square inch absolute (PSIA) 3 PSIA, 3 PSIA to 4.5 PSIA, 4.5 PSIA to 6 PSIA, 6 PSIA to 7.5 PSIA, 7.5 PSIA to 9 PSIA, 9 PSIA to 10.5 PSIA, 10.5 PSIA to 12 PSIA, 12 PSIA to 13.5 PSIA, 12 PSIA to 12.25 PSIA, 12.25 PSIA to 12.5 PSIA, 12.5 PSIA to 12.75 PSIA, 12.75 PSIA to 13 PSIA, 13 PSIA to 13.25 PSIA, 13.25 PSIA to 13.5 PSIA, 13.5 PSIA to 13.75 PSIA, 13.75 PSIA to 14 PSIA, 14 PSIA to 14.25 PSIA, 14.25 PSIA to 14.5 PSIA, 14.5 PSIA to 14.75 PSIA, 14.75 PSIA to 15 PSIA, 15 PSIA to 16.5 PSIA, 16.5 PSIA to 18 PSIA, 18 PSIA to 19.5 PSIA, 19.5 PSIA to 21 PSIA, 21 PSIA to 22.5 PSIA, 22.5 PSIA to 24 PSIA, 24 PSIA to 25.5 PSIA, 25.5 PSIA to 27 PSIA, 27 PSIA to 28.5 PSIA, 28.5 PSIA to 30 PSIA, 30 PSIA to 31.5 PSIA, 31.5 PSIA to 33 PSIA, 33 PSIA to 34.5 PSIA, and 34.5 PSIA to 36 PSIA.

In embodiments, the ranges of pressure within the interior (KBG′) of the drying chamber (KBG) is selected from one of more from the group consisting of: between about 0.001 inches of water to about 0.002 inches of water; between about 0.002 inches of water to about 0.003 inches of water; between about 0.003 inches of water to about 0.006 inches of water; between about 0.006 inches of water to about 0.012 inches of water; between about 0.012 inches of water to about 0.024 inches of water; between about 0.024 inches of water to about 0.050 inches of water; between about 0.050 inches of water to about 0.075 inches of water; between about 0.075 inches of water to about 0.150 inches of water; between about 0.150 inches of water to about 0.300 inches of water; between about 0.300 inches of water to about 0.450 inches of water; between about 0.450 inches of water to about 0.473 inches of water; between about 0.473 inches of water to about 0.496 inches of water; between about 0.496 inches of water to about 0.521 inches of water; between about 0.521 inches of water to about 0.547 inches of water; between about 0.547 inches of water to about 0.574 inches of water; between about 0.574 inches of water to about 0.603 inches of water; between about 0.603 inches of water to about 0.633 inches of water; between about 0.633 inches of water to about 0.665 inches of water; between about 0.665 inches of water to about 0.698 inches of water; between about 0.698 inches of water to about 0.733 inches of water; between about 0.733 inches of water to about 0.770 inches of water; between about 0.770 inches of water to about 0.808 inches of water; between about 0.808 inches of water to about 0.849 inches of water; between about 0.849 inches of water to about 0.891 inches of water; between about 0.891 inches of water to about 0.936 inches of water; between about 0.936 inches of water to about 0.982 inches of water; between about 0.982 inches of water to about 1.031 inches of water; between about 1.031 inches of water to about 1.083 inches of water; between about 1.083 inches of water to about 1.137 inches of water; between about 1.137 inches of water to about 1.194 inches of water; between about 1.194 inches of water to about 1.254 inches of water; between about 1.254 inches of water to about 1.316 inches of water; between about 1.316 inches of water to about 1.382 inches of water; between about 1.382 inches of water to about 1.451 inches of water; between about 1.451 inches of water to about 1.524 inches of water; between about 1.524 inches of water to about 2.286 inches of water; between about 2.286 inches of water to about 3.429 inches of water; between about 3.429 inches of water to about 5.143 inches of water; between about 5.143 inches of water to about 7.715 inches of water; between about 7.715 inches of water to about 11.572 inches of water; between about 11.572 inches of water to about 17.358 inches of water; between about 17.358 inches of water to about 26.037 inches of water; between about 26.037 inches of water to about 39.055 inches of water; between about 39.055 inches of water to about 58.582 inches of water; between about 58.582 inches of water to about 87.873 inches of water; between about 87.873 inches of water to about 131.810 inches of water; between about 131.810 inches of water to about 197.715 inches of water; between about 197.715 inches of water to about 296.573 inches of water; or, between about 296.573 inches of water to about 400 inches of water.

Spray dried volatiles (KBT) may be removed from the first output (KBS) of the drying chamber (KBG). In embodiments, the volatiles (KBT) removed from the first output (KBS) of the drying chamber (KBG) may be solid or may contain liquid. In embodiments, the volatiles (KBT) removed from the first output (KB S) of the drying chamber (KBG) are either too wet or too large, or both, to be evacuated from the second output (KBU) of the drying chamber (KBG). In embodiments, the volatiles (KBT) removed from the first output (KBS) may be mixed with one or more stream of separated volatiles, such first separated volatiles (KCG), second separated volatiles (KCP), third separated volatiles (KCV), a fourth separated volatiles (KCX), or a large particulate portion (KCY) to form combined volatiles (KM7) as shown in FIG. 17E.

In embodiments, a vibrator (KBN) is connected to the spray dryer (KAP) or drying chamber (KBG) via a connection (KBR). In embodiments, the spray dryer (KAP) or drying chamber (KBG) is equipped with a vibrator (KBN). In embodiments, a vibrator (KBN) vibrates at least a portion of the spray dryer (KAP) or drying chamber (KBG) to aide in removal of the spray dried volatiles (KBT) from the first output (KBS). In embodiments, the vibrator (KBN) is pneumatic. In embodiments, the vibrator (KBN) operates at a vibration range that is selected from one or more from the group consisting of 3,000 vibrations per minute (VPM) to 4000 VPM, 4,000 VPM to 5,000 VPM, 5,000 VPM to 5,500 VPM, 5,500 VPM to 6,000 VPM, 6,000 VPM to 6,500 VPM, 6,500 VPM to 7,000 VPM, 7,000 VPM to 7,500 VPM, 7,500 VPM to 8,000 VPM, 8,000 VPM to 8,500 VPM, 8,500 VPM to 9,000 VPM, 9,000 VPM to 9,500 VPM, 9,500 VPM to 10,000 VPM, 10,000 VPM to 15,000 VPM, 15,000 VPM to 20,000 VPM, 20,000 VPM to 25,000 VPM, 25,000 VPM to 30,000 VPM, 30,000 VPM to 35,000 VPM, 35,000 VPM to 40,000 VPM, 40,000 VPM to 45,000 VPM, and 45,000 VPM to 50,000 VPM. In embodiments, the vibrator (KBN) has a motor (KBO) with a controller (KBP) that is configured to input or output a signal (KBQ) to the computer (COMP).

In embodiments, the small particulate portion (KCW) has a liquid content that ranges from one or more from the group selected from 0.05 weight percent of liquid to 0.1 weight percent of liquid, 0.1 weight percent of liquid to 0.2 weight percent of liquid, 0.2 weight percent of liquid to 0.4 weight percent of liquid, 0.4 weight percent of liquid to 0.8 weight percent of liquid, 0.8 weight percent of liquid to 1 weight percent of liquid, 1 weight percent of liquid to 2 weight percent of liquid, 2 weight percent of liquid to 3 weight percent of liquid, 3 weight percent of liquid to 4 weight percent of liquid, 4 weight percent of liquid to 5 weight percent of liquid, 5 weight percent of liquid to 6 weight percent of liquid, 6 weight percent of liquid to 7 weight percent of liquid, 7 weight percent of liquid to 8 weight percent of liquid, 8 weight percent of liquid to 9 weight percent of liquid, 9 weight percent of liquid to 10 weight percent of liquid, 10 weight percent of liquid to 11 weight percent of liquid, 11 weight percent of liquid to 12 weight percent of liquid, 12 weight percent of liquid to 13 weight percent of liquid, 13 weight percent of liquid to 14 weight percent of liquid, 14 weight percent of liquid to 15 weight percent of liquid, 15 weight percent of liquid to 16 weight percent of liquid, 16 weight percent of liquid to 17 weight percent of liquid, 17 weight percent of liquid to 18 weight percent of liquid, 18 weight percent of liquid to 19 weight percent of liquid, and 19 weight percent of liquid to 20 weight percent of liquid.

In embodiments, the small particulate portion (KCW) has a liquid content that ranges from one or more from the group selected from 0.05 weight percent of liquid to 0.1 weight percent of liquid, 0.1 weight percent of liquid to 0.2 weight percent of liquid, 0.2 weight percent of liquid to 0.4 weight percent of liquid, 0.4 weight percent of liquid to 0.8 weight percent of liquid, 0.8 weight percent of liquid to 1 weight percent of liquid, 1 weight percent of liquid to 2 weight percent of liquid, 2 weight percent of liquid to 3 weight percent of liquid, 3 weight percent of liquid to 4 weight percent of liquid, 4 weight percent of liquid to 5 weight percent of liquid, 5 weight percent of liquid to 6 weight percent of liquid, 6 weight percent of liquid to 7 weight percent of liquid, 7 weight percent of liquid to 8 weight percent of liquid, 8 weight percent of liquid to 9 weight percent of liquid, 9 weight percent of liquid to 10 weight percent of liquid, 10 weight percent of liquid to 11 weight percent of liquid, 11 weight percent of liquid to 12 weight percent of liquid, 12 weight percent of liquid to 13 weight percent of liquid, 13 weight percent of liquid to 14 weight percent of liquid, 14 weight percent of liquid to 15 weight percent of liquid, 15 weight percent of liquid to 16 weight percent of liquid, 16 weight percent of liquid to 17 weight percent of liquid, 17 weight percent of liquid to 18 weight percent of liquid, 18 weight percent of liquid to 19 weight percent of liquid, and 19 weight percent of liquid to 20 weight percent of liquid.

In embodiments, the large particulate portion (KCY) has a liquid content that ranges from one or more from the group selected from 0.05 weight percent of liquid to 0.1 weight percent of liquid, 0.1 weight percent of liquid to 0.2 weight percent of liquid, 0.2 weight percent of liquid to 0.4 weight percent of liquid, 0.4 weight percent of liquid to 0.8 weight percent of liquid, 0.8 weight percent of liquid to 1 weight percent of liquid, 1 weight percent of liquid to 2 weight percent of liquid, 2 weight percent of liquid to 3 weight percent of liquid, 3 weight percent of liquid to 4 weight percent of liquid, 4 weight percent of liquid to 5 weight percent of liquid, 5 weight percent of liquid to 6 weight percent of liquid, 6 weight percent of liquid to 7 weight percent of liquid, 7 weight percent of liquid to 8 weight percent of liquid, 8 weight percent of liquid to 9 weight percent of liquid, 9 weight percent of liquid to 10 weight percent of liquid, 10 weight percent of liquid to 11 weight percent of liquid, 11 weight percent of liquid to 12 weight percent of liquid, 12 weight percent of liquid to 13 weight percent of liquid, 13 weight percent of liquid to 14 weight percent of liquid, 14 weight percent of liquid to 15 weight percent of liquid, 15 weight percent of liquid to 16 weight percent of liquid, 16 weight percent of liquid to 17 weight percent of liquid, 17 weight percent of liquid to 18 weight percent of liquid, 18 weight percent of liquid to 19 weight percent of liquid, and 19 weight percent of liquid to 20 weight percent of liquid.

In embodiments, the large particulate portion (KCY) has a liquid content that ranges from one or more from the group selected from 0.05 weight percent of liquid to 0.1 weight percent of liquid, 0.1 weight percent of liquid to 0.2 weight percent of liquid, 0.2 weight percent of liquid to 0.4 weight percent of liquid, 0.4 weight percent of liquid to 0.8 weight percent of liquid, 0.8 weight percent of liquid to 1 weight percent of liquid, 1 weight percent of liquid to 2 weight percent of liquid, 2 weight percent of liquid to 3 weight percent of liquid, 3 weight percent of liquid to 4 weight percent of liquid, 4 weight percent of liquid to 5 weight percent of liquid, 5 weight percent of liquid to 6 weight percent of liquid, 6 weight percent of liquid to 7 weight percent of liquid, 7 weight percent of liquid to 8 weight percent of liquid, 8 weight percent of liquid to 9 weight percent of liquid, 9 weight percent of liquid to 10 weight percent of liquid, 10 weight percent of liquid to 11 weight percent of liquid, 11 weight percent of liquid to 12 weight percent of liquid, 12 weight percent of liquid to 13 weight percent of liquid, 13 weight percent of liquid to 14 weight percent of liquid, 14 weight percent of liquid to 15 weight percent of liquid, 15 weight percent of liquid to 16 weight percent of liquid, 16 weight percent of liquid to 17 weight percent of liquid, 17 weight percent of liquid to 18 weight percent of liquid, 18 weight percent of liquid to 19 weight percent of liquid, and 19 weight percent of liquid to 20 weight percent of liquid.

In embodiments, the volatiles (KBT) removed the drying chamber (KBG) have a liquid content that ranges from one or more from the group selected from 0.05 weight percent of liquid to 0.1 weight percent of liquid, 0.1 weight percent of liquid to 0.2 weight percent of liquid, 0.2 weight percent of liquid to 0.4 weight percent of liquid, 0.4 weight percent of liquid to 0.8 weight percent of liquid, 0.8 weight percent of liquid to 1 weight percent of liquid, 1 weight percent of liquid to 2 weight percent of liquid, 2 weight percent of liquid to 3 weight percent of liquid, 3 weight percent of liquid to 4 weight percent of liquid, 4 weight percent of liquid to 5 weight percent of liquid, 5 weight percent of liquid to 6 weight percent of liquid, 6 weight percent of liquid to 7 weight percent of liquid, 7 weight percent of liquid to 8 weight percent of liquid, 8 weight percent of liquid to 9 weight percent of liquid, 9 weight percent of liquid to 10 weight percent of liquid, 10 weight percent of liquid to 11 weight percent of liquid, 11 weight percent of liquid to 12 weight percent of liquid, 12 weight percent of liquid to 13 weight percent of liquid, 13 weight percent of liquid to 14 weight percent of liquid, 14 weight percent of liquid to 15 weight percent of liquid, 15 weight percent of liquid to 16 weight percent of liquid, 16 weight percent of liquid to 17 weight percent of liquid, 17 weight percent of liquid to 18 weight percent of liquid, 18 weight percent of liquid to 19 weight percent of liquid, and 19 weight percent of liquid to 20 weight percent of liquid.

In embodiments, the volatiles (KBT) removed the drying chamber (KBG) have a liquid content that ranges from one or more from the group selected from 0.05 weight percent of liquid to 0.1 weight percent of liquid, 0.1 weight percent of liquid to 0.2 weight percent of liquid, 0.2 weight percent of liquid to 0.4 weight percent of liquid, 0.4 weight percent of liquid to 0.8 weight percent of liquid, 0.8 weight percent of liquid to 1 weight percent of liquid, 1 weight percent of liquid to 2 weight percent of liquid, 2 weight percent of liquid to 3 weight percent of liquid, 3 weight percent of liquid to 4 weight percent of liquid, 4 weight percent of liquid to 5 weight percent of liquid, 5 weight percent of liquid to 6 weight percent of liquid, 6 weight percent of liquid to 7 weight percent of liquid, 7 weight percent of liquid to 8 weight percent of liquid, 8 weight percent of liquid to 9 weight percent of liquid, 9 weight percent of liquid to 10 weight percent of liquid, 10 weight percent of liquid to 11 weight percent of liquid, 11 weight percent of liquid to 12 weight percent of liquid, 12 weight percent of liquid to 13 weight percent of liquid, 13 weight percent of liquid to 14 weight percent of liquid, 14 weight percent of liquid to 15 weight percent of liquid, 15 weight percent of liquid to 16 weight percent of liquid, 16 weight percent of liquid to 17 weight percent of liquid, 17 weight percent of liquid to 18 weight percent of liquid, 18 weight percent of liquid to 19 weight percent of liquid, and 19 weight percent of liquid to 20 weight percent of liquid.

In embodiments, the spray dryer (KAP) drying chamber (KBG) is configured to mix the heated gas supply (KAG′) with the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) to form a volatiles and gas mixture (KBV). The volatiles and gas mixture (KBV) is discharged from the spray dryer (KAP) via a second output (KBU). The volatiles and gas mixture (KBV) include a spray dried volatiles portion (KBV′), a vapor portion (KBV″), and a gas portion (KBV′″). In embodiments, the spray dried volatiles portion (KBV′) may include solid particulates. In embodiments, the vapor portion (KBV″) is the second solvent. In embodiments, the vapor portion (KBV″) may include the vapor-phase of the liquid within the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) which may include the second solvent. In embodiments, the gas portion (KBV″) includes whatever was within the gas supply (KAG).

The spray dryer (KAP) has a second output (KBU) that is configured to discharge a volatiles and gas mixture (KBV) from the interior (KBG′) of the drying chamber (KBG). In embodiments, the volatiles and gas mixture (KBV) has a spray dried volatiles portion (KBV′), vapor portion (KBV″), and a gas portion (KBV′″). The second output (KBU) of the spray dryer (KAP) is connected to the first-first input (KCB) of the first separator (KCA) via a first transfer conduit (KBW). In embodiments, the first separator (KCA) is a cyclone or a filter. FIG. 17E shows the first separator (KCA) as a cyclone.

The first transfer conduit (KBW) transfers the volatiles and gas mixture (KBV) from the interior (KBG′) of the drying chamber (KBG) to the first separator (KCA). The first separator (KCA) separates first separated volatiles (KCG) from the volatiles and gas mixture (KBV) to create a first volatiles depleted gas stream (KCD). The first volatiles depleted gas stream (KCD) is discharged from the first separator (KCA) via a first-first output (KCC).

The first separator (KCA) has: a first-first input (KCB) for receiving the volatiles and gas mixture (KBV) from the spray dryer (KAP), a first-first output (KCC) for evacuating the first volatiles depleted gas stream (KCD) towards the second separator (KCI), and a first-second output (KCF) for transferring first separated volatiles (KCG) towards the third separator (KCR). The first volatiles depleted gas stream (KCD) is transferred from the first-first output (KCC) to the second-first input (KCK) of the second separator (KCI) via a second transfer conduit (KCE).

The first volatiles depleted gas stream (KCD) has a reduced amount of volatiles relative to the volatiles and gas mixture (KBV). The first volatiles depleted gas stream (KCD) has a reduced amount of spray dried volatiles portion (KBV′) relative to the volatiles and gas mixture (KBV). The second transfer conduit (KCE) is connected at one end to the first-first output (KCC) of the first separator (KCA) and at another end to the second-first input (KCK) of the second separator (KCI).

The first separated volatiles (KCG) that are separated from the volatiles and gas mixture (KBV) are discharged from the first separator (KCA) via the first-second output (KCF). The third-first input (KCS) of the third separator (KCR) is configured to receive the first separated volatiles (KCG) via a first dipleg (KCH). The first dipleg (KCH) is connected at one end to the first-second output (KCF) of the first separator (KCA) and at a second end to the third-first input (KCS) of the third separator (KCR). The first separated volatiles (KCG) includes at least a portion of the spray dried volatiles portion (KBV′) that were separated from the volatiles and gas mixture (KBV).

The second separator (KCI) separates second separated volatiles (KCP) from the first volatiles depleted gas stream (KCD) to create a second volatiles depleted gas stream (KCM). The second volatiles depleted gas stream (KCM) has a reduced amount of volatiles relative to the first volatiles depleted gas stream (KCD). The second volatiles depleted gas stream (KCM) has a reduced amount of spray dried volatiles portion (KBV′) relative to the first volatiles depleted gas stream (KCD).

In embodiments, the second separator (KCI) is a cyclone or a filter. FIG. 17E shows the second separator (KCI) as a cyclone. The second volatiles depleted gas stream (KCM) is discharged from the second separator (KCI) via a second-first output (KCJ).

The second separator (KCI) has: a second-first input (KCK) for receiving the first volatiles depleted gas stream (KCD) from the first separator (KCA), a second-first output (KCJ) for evacuating the second volatiles depleted gas stream (KCM) towards the fourth separator (KCZ), and a second-second output (KCO) for transferring second separated volatiles (KCP) towards the third separator (KCR). The second volatiles depleted gas stream (KCM) is transferred from the second-first output (KCJ) to the fourth-first input (KDA) of the fourth separator (KCZ) via a third transfer conduit (KCN). The third transfer conduit (KCN) is connected at one end to the second-first output (KCJ) of the second separator (KCI) and at another end to the fourth-first input (KDA) of the fourth separator (KCZ).

The second separated volatiles (KCP) that are separated from the first volatiles depleted gas stream (KCD) are discharged from the second separator (KCI) via the second-second output (KCO). The third-first input (KCS) of the third separator (KCR) is configured to receive the second separated volatiles (KCP) via a second dipleg (KCQ). The second dipleg (KCQ) is connected at one end to the second-second output (KCO) of the second separator (KCI) and at a second end to the third-first input (KCS) of the third separator (KCR). The second separated volatiles (KCP) includes at least a portion of the volatiles that were separated from the first volatiles depleted gas stream (KCD). The second separated volatiles (KCP) includes at least a portion of the spray dried volatiles portion (KBV′) that were separated from the first volatiles depleted gas stream (KCD).

The fourth separator (KCZ) separates an additional separated volatiles (KDF) from the second volatiles depleted gas stream (KCM) to create a third volatiles depleted gas stream (KDC). The third volatiles depleted gas stream (KDC) has a reduced amount of volatiles relative to the second volatiles depleted gas stream (KCM). The third volatiles depleted gas stream (KDC) has a reduced amount of spray dried volatiles portion (KBV′) relative to the second volatiles depleted gas stream (KCM). In embodiments, the fourth separator (KCZ) is a cyclone, filter, scrubber, or electrostatic precipitator. In embodiments, the fourth separator (KCZ) is a scrubber that uses second solvent as the scrubbing liquid.

FIG. 17E shows the second separator (KCI) as an electrostatic precipitator. The electrostatic precipitator has an electrode (KM8) and a power supply (KM9) and is configured to separate volatiles from the second volatiles depleted gas stream (KCM). The electrode (KM8) and a power supply (KM9) apply an electrostatic charge to the second volatiles depleted gas stream (KCM) as it passes through the fourth separator (KCZ).

In other embodiments, the fourth separator (KCZ) is a scrubber. The scrubber, is preferably a vertically oriented cylindrical, or rectangular, pressure vessel having a lower section, and an upper section, along with a central section that contains a quantity of packed media either comprising raschig rings, pall rings, berl saddles, intalox packing, metal structured grid packing, hollow spherical packing, high performance thermoplastic packing, structured packing, synthetic woven fabric, or ceramic packing, or the like, wherein media is supported upon a suitable support grid system commonplace to industrial chemical equipment systems. The upper section of the scrubber preferably contains a demister to enhance the removal of liquid droplets entrained in a vapor stream and to minimize carry-over losses of the sorption liquid. In embodiments, the sorption liquid is second solvent. This demister is also positioned above the scrubber spray nozzle system, comprised of a plurality of spray nozzles, or spray balls, that introduce and substantially equally distribute the scrubbing absorption liquid to the scrubber onto the scrubber's central packing section, so it may gravity-flow down through the scrubber central section.

As the second volatiles depleted gas stream (KCM) passes up through the internal packing of the scrubber, excess vapor within the additional separated volatiles (KDF) comes into intimate contact with scrubbing liquid such as a portion of the second solvent, which are cooled prior to being introduced to the upper section of the scrubber through the scrubber spray nozzle system. Vapor from within the second volatiles depleted gas stream (KCM) is condensed into a liquid.

The third volatiles depleted gas stream (KDC) is discharged from the fourth separator (KCZ) via a fourth-first input (KDA). The fourth separator (KCZ) has: fourth-first input (KDA) for receiving the second volatiles depleted gas stream (KCM) from the second separator (KCI), a fourth-first output (KDB) for evacuating the third volatiles depleted gas stream (KDC) towards the condenser (KDH), and a fourth-second output (KDE) for transferring additional separated volatiles (KDF) towards the third separator (KCR).

The third volatiles depleted gas stream (KDC) is transferred from the fourth-first output (KDB) to the gas-vapor inlet (KDP) of the condenser (KDH) via a fourth transfer conduit (KDD). The fourth transfer conduit (KDD) is connected at one end to the fourth-second output (KDE) of the fourth separator (KCZ) and at another end to the gas-vapor inlet (KDP) of the condenser (KDH). The additional separated volatiles (KDF) that are separated from the second volatiles depleted gas stream (KCM) are discharged from the fourth separator (KCZ) via the fourth-second output (KDE). In embodiments, the third-first input (KCS) of the third separator (KCR) is configured to receive at least a portion of the additional separated volatiles (KDF) via a fifth transfer conduit (KDG). The fifth transfer conduit (KDG) is connected at one end to the fourth-second output (KDE) of the fourth separator (KCZ) and at a second end to the third-first input (KCS) of the third separator (KCR).

The third volatiles depleted gas stream (KDC) includes at least a portion of the vapor portion (KBV″) or gas portion (KBV′″) of the volatiles and gas mixture (KBV) that was discharged from the drying chamber (KBG). The additional separated volatiles (KDF) includes at least a portion of the volatiles that were separated from the first volatiles depleted gas stream (KCD). The additional separated volatiles (KDF) include at least a portion of the volatiles that were separated from the second volatiles depleted gas stream (KCM). The additional separated volatiles (KDF) includes at least a portion of the spray dried volatiles portion (KBV′) that were separated from the second volatiles depleted gas stream (KCM).

In embodiments, the additional separated volatiles (KDF) have a size range that is selected from one or more from the group consisting of 1 nanometer to 5 nanometers, 5 nanometers to 10 nanometers, 10 nanometers to 15 nanometers, 15 nanometers to 20 nanometers, 20 nanometers to 25 nanometers, 25 nanometers to 30 nanometers, 30 nanometers to 35 nanometers, 35 nanometers to 40 nanometers, 40 nanometers to 45 nanometers, 45 nanometers to 50 nanometers, 50 nanometers to 55 nanometers, 55 nanometers to 60 nanometers, 60 nanometers to 65 nanometers, 65 nanometers to 70 nanometers, 70 nanometers to 75 nanometers, 75 nanometers to 80 nanometers, 80 nanometers to 85 nanometers, 85 nanometers to 90 nanometers, 90 nanometers to 95 nanometers, 95 nanometers to 100 nanometers, 100 nanometers to 200 nanometers, 200 nanometers to 300 nanometers, 300 nanometers to 400 nanometers, 400 nanometers to 500 nanometers, 500 nanometers to 600 nanometers, 600 nanometers to 700 nanometers, 700 nanometers to 800 nanometers, and 800 nanometers to 900 nanometers.

In embodiments, the additional separated volatiles (KDF) have a size range that is selected from one or more from the group consisting of 1 microns to 5 microns, 5 microns to 10 microns, 10 microns to 30 microns, 30 microns to 50 microns, 50 microns to 70 microns, 70 microns to 90 microns, 90 microns to 110 microns, 110 microns to 130 microns, 130 microns to 150 microns, 150 microns to 170 microns, 170 microns to 190 microns, 190 microns to 210 microns, 210 microns to 230 microns, and 230 microns to 250 microns.

In embodiments, the additional separated volatiles (KDF) have a particle size distribution (PSD) that has a lesser or smaller PSD relative to the small particulate portion (KCW) separated in the solid-solid separator (SSS). In embodiments, the additional separated volatiles (KDF) have a particle size distribution (PSD) that has a lesser or smaller PSD relative to the large particulate portion (KCY) separated in the solid-solid separator (SSS). In embodiments, the particle size distribution of the small particulate portion (KCW) is lesser or smaller than the particle size distribution of the large particulate portion (KCY).

In embodiments, the small particulate portion (KCW) have a size range that is selected from one or more from the group consisting of 1 microns to 5 microns, 5 microns to 10 microns, 10 microns to 30 microns, 30 microns to 50 microns, 50 microns to 70 microns, 70 microns to 90 microns, 90 microns to 110 microns, 110 microns to 130 microns, 130 microns to 150 microns, 150 microns to 170 microns, 170 microns to 190 microns, 190 microns to 210 microns, 210 microns to 230 microns, and 230 microns to 250 microns.

In embodiments, the large particulate portion (KCY) have a size range that is selected from one or more from the group consisting of 50 microns to 60 microns, 60 microns to 70 microns, 70 microns to 80 microns, 80 microns to 90 microns, 90 microns to 100 microns, 100 microns to 150 microns, 150 microns to 200 microns, 200 microns to 250 microns, 250 microns to 300 microns, 300 microns to 350 microns, 350 microns to 400 microns, 400 microns to 450 microns, 450 microns to 500 microns, 500 microns to 550 microns, 550 microns to 600 microns, 600 microns to 650 microns, 650 microns to 700 microns, 700 microns to 750 microns, 750 microns to 800 microns, 800 microns to 850 microns, 850 microns to 900 microns, 900 microns to 950 microns, and 950 microns to 1,000 microns.

As shown in FIG. 17E the third separator (KCR) accepts first separated volatiles (KCG) from the first separator (KCA), and second separated volatiles (KCP) from the second separator (KCI), and optionally a portion of the additional separated volatiles (KDF) from the fourth separator (KCZ), and separates at least a small particulate portion (KCW) and a large particulate portion (KCY) therefrom.

In embodiments, the third separator (KCR) includes solid-solid separator (SSS). In embodiments, the third separator (KCR) includes a sifter as shown in FIG. 17E. In embodiments, the third separator (KCR) includes a filter. In embodiments, the third separator (KCR) has a third-first input (KCS) for receiving: first separated volatiles (KCG) via the first dipleg (KCH), second separated volatiles (KCP) via the second dipleg (KCQ), and additional separated volatiles (KDF) via the fifth transfer conduit (KDG). In embodiments, the third separator (KCR) has a third-first output (KCT) for discharging a third separated volatiles (KCV) which include a small particulate portion (KCW). In embodiments, the small particulate portion (KCW), large particulate portion (KCY), and/or the spray dried volatiles (KBT) may be transferred to the multifunctional flour tank (6F1) on FIG. 18, or to the cannabis tank (6A2) on FIG. 18.

In embodiments, the third separator (KCR) has a third-second output (KCU) for discharging a fourth separated volatiles (KCX) which include a large particulate portion (KCY). In embodiments, the large particulate portion (KCY) may be transferred to the cannabis tank (6A2) on FIG. 18. In embodiments, the third separator (KCR) separates a small particulate portion (KCW) from a large particulate portion (KCY) using a screen (KM3) or a mesh (KM3′). The screen (KM3) or mesh (KM3′) have openings (KM4) that permit the small particulate portion (KCW) to pass through the openings (KM4). The openings (KM4) in the screen (KM3) or mesh (KM3′) are too small for the large particulate portion (KCY) to pass through.

In embodiments, the openings (KM4) in the screen (KM3) or mesh (KM3′) include Unites States Sieve size number 18, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 100, 120, 140, 170, 200, 230, 270, 325, or 400. In embodiments, the openings (KM4) in the screen (KM3) or mesh (KM3′) have a size range that is selected from one or more from the group consisting of 37 microns to 44 microns, 44 microns to 53 microns, 53 microns to 63 microns, 63 microns to 74 microns, 74 microns to 88 microns, 88 microns to 105 microns, 105 microns to 125 microns, 125 microns to 149 microns, 149 microns to 177 microns, 177 microns to 210 microns, 210 microns to 250 microns, 250 microns to 297 microns, 297 microns to 354 microns, 354 microns to 420 microns, 420 microns to 500 microns, 500 microns to 595 microns, 595 microns to 707 microns, 707 microns to 841 microns, and 841 microns to 1,000 microns.

In embodiments, the screen (KM3) or mesh (KM3′) may be cylindrical and located within a first chamber (KM5). In embodiments, the third separator (KCR) has a third-first input (KCS) that is configured to receive particulate volatiles that include first separated volatiles (KCG), second separated volatiles (KCP), and optionally additional separated volatiles (KDF). An auger (KM1) is configured to transfer the particulate volatiles from the third-first input (KCS) to a screen (KM3) or mesh (KM3′) located within the first chamber (KM5) of the third separator (KCR). The auger (KM1) is equipped with a motor (KM2) that may be operated by the computer (COMP). The particulate volatiles transferred from the third-first input (KCS) are sifted using a cylindrical screen (KM3) or mesh (KM3′) that is located within the first chamber (KM5).

The third-first output (KCT) is located at the bottom of the first chamber (KM5). The small particulate portion (KCW) may be removed from the third separator (KCR) via the third-first output (KCT) located in the first chamber (KM5). The large particulate portion (KCY) that are too large to pass through openings (KM4) of the screen (KM3) or a mesh (KM3′) are transferred from the first chamber (KM5) to the second chamber (KM6) of the third separator (KCR). Since the openings (KM4) in the screen (KM3) or mesh (KM3′) within the first chamber (KM5) are too small for the large particulate portion (KCY) to pass through, the large particulate portion (KCY) is transferred from the first chamber (KM5) to the second chamber (KM6) of the third separator (KCR). The large particulate portion (KCY) are removed from the second chamber (KM6) of the third separator (KCR) via the third-second output (KCU).

In embodiments, the sifter is provided by the Kason Corporation. In embodiments, sifter includes a vibratory screener or a centrifugal sifter. In embodiments, the sifter is provided by Kason Corporation and includes a VIBROSCREEN® Circular Vibratory Screener and Separator, a CENTRI-SIFTER™ High Capacity Screener and Separator, a VIBRO-BED™ Circular Vibratory Fluid Bed Processor, or a CROSS-FLO High Capacity Static Sieve Screener and Separator.

In embodiments, the motor (KM2) of the third separator (KCR) is driven by a belt and ranges from 0.75 horsepower to 6 horsepower. In embodiments, the motor (KM2) of the third separator (KCR) is driven by a belt and ranges from 0.56 kilowatts to 4.48 kilowatts. In embodiments, the motor (KM2) of the third separator (KCR) is not driven by a belt and ranges from 0.5 horsepower to 4 horsepower. In embodiments, the motor (KM2) of the third separator (KCR) is driven by a belt and ranges from 0.37 kilowatts to 2.98 kilowatts.

The fourth separator (KCZ) is connected to the condenser (KDH) via a fourth transfer conduit (KDD). The third volatiles depleted gas stream (KDC) is transferred through the fourth transfer conduit (KDD) and enters the condenser (KDH). The third volatiles depleted gas stream (KDC) includes the vapor portion (KBV″) and gas portion (KBV″) that were transferred from the spray dryer (KAP).

The condenser (KDH) condenses the vapor portion (KBV″) which may include the second solvent. Liquid is formed from condensing the vapor portion (KBV″) of the third volatiles depleted gas stream (KDC) to form process condensate (KDO). Liquid is formed from condensing solvent contained within the third volatiles depleted gas stream (KDC) to form process condensate (KDO). The process condensate (KDO) is discharged from the condenser (KDH) via a liquid output (KDR).

The gas portion (KBV″) of the third volatiles depleted gas stream (KDC) is not condensed within the condenser (KDH) and is instead released from the condenser (KDH) as a via the gas output (KDQ). The non-condensables (KDT) includes the gas portion (KBV″) of the third volatiles depleted gas stream (KDC) and may include gas, air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide. The non-condensables (KDT) leave the gas output (KDQ) of the condenser (KDH) and are routed to a vacuum (KDM) via a gas transfer conduit (KDS).

In embodiments, the vacuum (KDM) is a vacuum pump, fan, or an eductor. A gas exhaust (KDN) is discharged from the vacuum (KDM). The gas exhaust (KDN) includes non-condensables (KDT) or the gas portion (KBV′″) of the third volatiles depleted gas stream (KDC) is not condensed within the condenser (KDH).

The condenser (KDH) is provided with a cooling water input (KDI) and a cooling water output (KDK). The cooling water input (KDI) is configured to accept a cooling water supply (KDJ) and the cooling water output (KDK) is configured to discharge a cooling water return (KDL). The cooling water supply (KDJ) is configured to condense a portion of the vapor that enters through the gas-vapor inlet (KDP).

Evaporator Operation: The system shown in FIG. 17E can operate in a plurality of modes of operation, including:

-   -   (1) preparation of the second volatiles and solvent mixture         (SVSM);     -   (2) start-up;     -   (3) normal operation;     -   (4) emergency shut-down;     -   (5) resuming operations after the emergency shut-down.

As seen in FIG. 17E, the solvent separation system is equipped with a start-up/shut-down liquid system (KEZ). The purpose of the start-up/shut-down liquid system (KEZ) is to make a pressurized and optionally heated supply of liquid immediately available to the evaporator (KAO) whenever necessary. It is preferred that second solvent (SOLV2) is used within the start-up/shut-down liquid system (KEZ), the second solvent (SOLV2) includes one or more from the group consisting of a liquid, acetone, alcohol, oil, ethanol. Water may be used in the start-up/shut-down liquid system (KEZ).

It is also desired to be able to mix a known flow of treated, filtered, start-up/shut-down water (KEO) in with the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) to be used for start-up, shut-down or maintenance purposes such as cleaning.

A start-up/shut-down liquid tank (KEA) is provided and is configured to accept a stream of liquid (KEB) The liquid (KEB) transferred to the interior (KEA′) of the start-up/shut-down liquid tank (KEA) can be passed through a filter (G23), activated carbon (G24), and/or an adsorbent (G25), and a polishing unit (G41). The polishing unit (G41) may be any type of conceivable device to improve the water quality such as an ultraviolet unit, ozone unit, microwave unit, filter, or the like.

The start-up/shut-down liquid tank (KEA) may be equipped with a level sensor (KES) that sends a signal (KET) to the computer (COMP). A level control valve (KEU) may be used to control the amount of liquid (KEB) that is transferred to the interior (KEA′) of the start-up/shut-down liquid tank (KEA). The level control valve (KEU) may be equipped with a controller (KEV) that is configured to input or output a signal (KEW) to the computer (COMP). The computer (COMP), level control valve (KEU), and level sensor (KES) may be used together in a level control loop to maintain a constant or batch supply of liquid to the interior (KEA′) of the start-up/shut-down liquid tank (KEA).

In embodiments, a start-up heat exchanger (KEP) is configured to heat the liquid (KEB) that will be transferred to the evaporator (KAO). In embodiments, a start-up heat exchanger (KEP) is configured to heat the liquid (KEB) that will be transferred to the evaporator (KAO), spray dryer (KAP), rotary atomizer (KAU), spray nozzle (KBC) or plurality of spray nozzles (KBC), or openings (KBC) or plurality of openings (KBC) within the disc (KBB) of the rotary atomizer (KAU). The purpose of heating the liquid than will be transferred to the evaporator (KAO) is to not provide a thermal shock on the system while can result in fouled heat transfer surfaces of the outer wall (KWG) within the interior (KBG′) of the drying chamber (KBG), and to prevent cloggage of either the disc (KBB), spray nozzle (KBC), plurality of spray nozzles (KBC), opening (KBD), plurality of openings (KBD), spray aperture (KK4), or orifice (KK5).

Is it desired to heat the liquid (KEO, KEB) that is transferred to the spray dryer (KAP) so that a seamless transition from liquid (KEO, KEB) to a second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) can be realized to attain steady-state conditions in the safest and most efficient manner as possible.

In embodiments, it is necessary to be able to heat the liquid (KEB) prior to adding to the evaporator (KAO) by itself, or add the liquid (KEB) to the evaporator (KAO) together while adding the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM). Herein are disclosed methods to vary the flow of liquid (KEB) to an evaporator, such as a spray dryer, while varying either the flow of liquid (KEB) and/or the flow of second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) to optimize operations and efficiency while reducing plant maintenance and cleaning.

FIG. 17E shows the start-up heat exchanger (KEP) positioned within the interior (KEA′) start-up/shut-down liquid tank (KEA). In embodiments, the start-up heat exchanger (KEP) is located in between the start-up/shut-down liquid tank (KEA) and the evaporator (KAO).

In embodiments, a liquid pump (KEK) is provided and configured to transfer liquid from the start-up/shut-down liquid tank (KEA) and into the evaporator (KAO). The liquid pump (KEK) is equipped with a motor (KEL) and a controller (KEM) which is configured to input or output a signal (KEN) to the computer (COMP).

In embodiments, a liquid control valve (KEF) is provided to control the flow of start-up/shut-down liquid (KEB, KEO) transferred from the start-up/shut-down liquid tank (KEA) into the evaporator (KAO). The liquid control valve (KEF) is equipped with a controller (KEG) that is configured to input or output a signal (KEH) to the computer (COMP).

In embodiments, a liquid flow sensor (KEI) is provided to measure the flow of start-up/shut-down liquid (KEB, KEO) transferred from the start-up/shut-down liquid tank (KEA) into the evaporator (KAO). In embodiments, the computer (COMP), liquid control valve (KEF), liquid flow sensor (KEI), are used in a flow control loop to control the amount of liquid (KEB, KEO) that is provided into the evaporator (KAO).

FIG. 17E shows a co-current spray dryer (KAP) evaporator (KAO). In FIG. 17E the liquid input (KAR) is closer to the top (K-T) than the bottom (K-B). In FIG. 17E the gas input (KAQ) is closer to the top (K-T) than the bottom (K-B). In FIG. 17E the first output (KBS) is closer to the bottom (K-B) than the top (K-T). In FIG. 17E the second output (KBU) is closer to the bottom (K-B) than the top (K-T). Here, the heated gas supply (KAG′) flows in the same direction of the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM).

FIG. 17E-1:

FIG. 17E-1 shows one non-limiting embodiment of a co-current type of spray dryer (KAP) that may be used with the solvent separation system described in FIG. 17E.

Shown in FIGS. FIGS. 17E, 17E-1, 17E-2, 17E-3, and 17E-4, are different embodiments of a spray dryer (KAP) having a top (K-T) bottom (K-B) that are spaced apart along a vertical axis (KYY). The differences between the different types of spray dryers shown in FIGS. 17E-1, 17E-2, 17E-3, and 17E-4 are the differences in height of various inputs and outputs, specifically, the differences in relative heights of: (A) the liquid input (KAR) that introduces an second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) to the interior (KAP′) of the spray dryer (KAP); (B) the gas input (KAQ) that introduces a heated gas supply (KAG′) to the interior (KAP′) of the spray dryer (KAP); (C) first output (KBS) that discharges volatiles (KBT) from the from the interior (KAP′) of the spray dryer (KAP); and (D) second output (KBU) that evacuates a volatiles and gas mixture (KBV) away from the interior (KAP′) of the spray dryer (KAP).

In FIG. 17E-1 the liquid input (KAR) is closer to the top (K-T) than the bottom (K-B). In FIG. 17E-1 the gas input (KAQ) is closer to the top (K-T) than the bottom (K-B). In FIG. 17E-1 the first output (KBS) is closer to the bottom (K-B) than the top (K-T). In FIG. 17E-1 the second output (KBU) is closer to the bottom (K-B) than the top (K-T). FIG. 17E-1 shows a co-current spray dryer (KAP) evaporator (KAO) with the heated gas supply (KAG′) flowing in the same direction of the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM).

FIG. 17E-2:

FIG. 17E-2 shows one non-limiting embodiment of a counter-current type of spray dryer (KAP) that may be used with the solvent separation system described in FIG. 17E.

In FIG. 17E-2 the liquid input (KAR) is closer to the top (K-T) than the bottom (K-B). In FIG. 17E-2 the gas input (KAQ) is closer to the bottom (K-B) than the top (K-T). In FIG. 17E-2 the first output (KBS) is closer to the bottom (K-B) than the top (K-T). In FIG. 17E-2 the second output (KBU) is closer to the top (K-T) than the bottom (K-B). FIG. 17E-2 shows a counter-current spray dryer (KAP) evaporator (KAO) with the heated gas supply (KAG′) flowing in a direction that is opposite to the flow of the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM). Here, the heated gas supply (KAG′) flows upwards from the gas input (KAQ) to the second output (KBU), while the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) is sprayed in a downwards direction.

FIG. 17E-3:

FIG. 17E-3 shows another non-limiting embodiment of a counter-current type of spray dryer (KAP) that may be used with the solvent separation system described in FIG. 17E.

In FIG. 17E-3 the liquid input (KAR) is closer to the bottom (K-B) than the top (K-T). In FIG. 17E-3 the gas input (KAQ) is closer to the top (K-T) than the bottom (K-B). In FIG. 17E-3 the first output (KBS) is closer to the bottom (K-B) than the top (K-T). In FIG. 17E-3 the second output (KBU) is closer to the bottom (K-B) than the top (K-T).

FIG. 17E-3 shows a counter-current spray dryer (KAP) evaporator (KAO) with the heated gas supply (KAG′) flowing in a direction that is opposite to the flow of the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM). Here, the heated gas supply (KAG′) flows downwards from the gas input (KAQ) to the second output (KBU), while the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) is sprayed in an upwards direction.

FIG. 17E-4:

FIG. 17E-4 shows one non-limiting embodiment of a mixed-flow type of spray dryer (KAP) that may be used with the solvent separation system described in FIG. 17E.

In FIG. 17E-4 the liquid input (KAR) is closer to the bottom (K-B) than the top (K-T). In FIG. 17E-4 the gas input (KAQ) is closer to the top (K-T) than the bottom (K-B). In FIG. 17E-4 the first output (KBS) is closer to the bottom (K-B) than the top (K-T). In FIG. 17E-4 the second output (KBU) is second output (KBU) is closer to the bottom (K-B) than the top (K-T), the other (KBU′) is closer to the top (K-T) than the bottom (K-B).

FIG. 17E-4 shows a mixed-flow spray dryer (KAP) evaporator (KAO) with the heated gas supply (KAG′) flowing in a direction that is opposite to the flow of the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM). Here, the heated gas supply (KAG′) flows both, in the same direction of the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM), as well as opposite to the direction of the flow of the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM). Here, the second volatiles and solvent mixture (SVSM) is sprayed in an upwards direction.

FIG. 17F:

FIG. 17F shows a power production system (PPS) that is configured to generate electricity, heat, or steam for use in the farming superstructure system (FSS).

In embodiments, the power production system (PPS) shown in FIG. 17F can generate electricity for use in the farming superstructure system (FSS). In embodiments, the power production system (PPS) shown in FIG. 17F can generate steam and/or heat for use in the farming superstructure system (FSS). In embodiments, the power production system (PPS) shown in FIG. 17F can generate heat for use in the farming superstructure system (FSS). In embodiments, the power production system (PPS) includes a compressor (LEB), a combustor (LED), a turbine (LFE), a generator (LFH), a HRSG (heat recovery steam generator) (LFI), a steam drum (LBE), a steam distribution header (LCJ), and a condensate tank (LAP).

An oxygen-containing gas (LEA) is made available to a compressor (LEB). In embodiments, the oxygen-containing gas may be air, oxygen-enriched-air i.e. greater than 21 mole % O2, and substantially pure oxygen, i.e. greater than about 95 mole % oxygen (the remainder usually comprising N2 and rare gases). In embodiments, the oxygen-containing gas may be flue gas or carbon dioxide. In embodiments, flue gas includes a vapor or gaseous mixture containing varying amounts of nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and oxygen (O2). In embodiments, flue gas is generated from the thermochemical process of combustion. In embodiments, combustion is an exothermic (releases heat) thermochemical process wherein at least the stoichiometric oxidation of a carbonaceous material takes place to generate flue gas.

In embodiments, the compressor (LEB) has a plurality of stages (LEC). In embodiments, the compressor (LEB) is an axial compressor. In embodiments, the compressor is configured to compress and pressurize the oxygen-containing gas (LEA) to form a compressed gas stream (LEK). In embodiments, the compressor is configured to compress and pressurize the oxygen-containing gas (LEA) to form a first compressed gas stream (LEK) and a second compressed gas stream (LEN). In embodiments, compressed gas stream (LEK) is provided to a combustor (LED). In embodiments, the first compressed gas stream (LEK) is provided to a first combustor (LED1). In embodiments, the second compressed gas stream (LEN) is provided to a second combustor (LED2).

In embodiments, the first combustor (LED1) has a first gas mixer (LEE). In embodiments, the second combustor (LED2) has a second gas mixer (LEH). In embodiments, the first gas mixer (LEE) or second gas mixer (LEH) is that of an annular type. In embodiments, the first combustor (LED1) or second combustor (LED2) is that of an annular type. In embodiments, the annular type gas mixer (LEE) mixes the fuel with the oxygen containing—gas within the combustor to form a fuel-and-oxygen-containing gas mixture, which is then combusted. In embodiments, the first combustor (LED1) has a first ignitor (LEF). In embodiments, the second combustor (LED2) has a second ignitor (LEI). In embodiments, the first ignitor (LEF) or second ignitor (LEI) include a torch ignitor. In embodiments, the first ignitor (LEF) or second ignitor (LEI) include a separate fuel supply to maintain a constantly burning torch. In embodiments, the first combustor (LED1) has a first flame detector (LEG). In embodiments, the second combustor (LED2) has a second flame detector (LEJ). In embodiments, the first flame detector (LEG) or second flame detector (LEJ) are selected from one or more from the group consisting of a UV flame detector, IR flame detector, UV/IR flame detector, multi-spectrum infrared flame detector, and a visual flame imaging flame detector.

In embodiments, the combustor (LED) mixes and combusts the compressed gas stream (LEK) with a first fuel (LEL) to produce a combustion stream (LEM). In embodiments, the first combustor (LED1) mixes and combusts the first compressed gas stream (LEK) with a first fuel (LEL) to produce a first combustion stream (LEM). In embodiments, the first combustion stream (LEM) is a first pressurized combustion stream (LEM′). In embodiments, the second combustor (LED2) mixes and combusts the second compressed gas stream (LEN) with a second fuel (LEO) to produce a second combustion stream (LEP). In embodiments, the second combustion stream (LEP) is a second pressurized combustion stream (LEP′).

A first fuel valve (LEW) is provided to regulate the flow of the compressor fuel source (LEU) to the first combustor (LED1) and the second combustor (LED2). The first fuel valve (LEW) is equipped with a controller (LEX) that is configured to input or output a signal (LEY) to the computer (COMP). FIG. 17F shows connector (K1) to show continuity between the second fuel (LEO) that is apportioned from the compressor fuel source (LEU) and transferred to the second combustor (LED2).

The combustion stream (LEM) is transferred to a turbine (LFE). In embodiments, the first combustion stream (LEM) is combined with the second combustion stream (LEP) before being transferred to the turbine (LFE). In embodiments, the turbine (LFE) has a plurality of stages (LFF). In embodiments, the first and second combustion streams (LEM, LEP) rotate a portion of the turbine (LFE), which in turn rotates a shaft (LFG), and a generator (LFH) to produce electricity (ELEC). In embodiments, the combustion stream (LEM) rotates the turbine (LFE), which in turn rotates a shaft (LFG), and a generator (LFH) to produce electricity (ELEC).

In embodiments, the compressor (LEB) is connected to the turbine (LFE) via a shaft (LFG). In embodiments, the turbine (LFE) is connected to the generator (LFH) via a shaft (LFG). In embodiments, the turbine (LFE) rotates the shaft (LFG) which in turn drives the compressor (LEB). In embodiments, the generator (LFH) is connected to the turbine (LFE) via a shaft (LFG). In embodiments, the turbine (LFE) rotates the shaft (LFG) which in turn drives the generator (LFH) to produce electricity for use in the farming superstructure system (FSS).

FIG. 17F shows the generator (LFH) producing electricity for use in the computer (COMP) within the farming superstructure system (FSS). In embodiments, the electricity (ELEC) may be used in the farming superstructure system (FSS) in any number of a plurality of: sensors, motors, pumps, heat exchangers, fans, actuators, controllers, compressors, analyzers, computers, lights, heaters, vacuum pumps, etc. Any asset, including sensors, motors, pumps, heat exchangers, fans, actuators, controllers, compressors, analyzers, computers, lights, heaters, vacuum pumps, disclosed in FIGS. 1A through 23 may be powered by the electricity (ELEC) generated by the generator (LFH) or generator (LCA).

A combustion stream (LFD) is discharged from the turbine (LFE) and is routed to a HRSG (LFI). In embodiments, the combustion stream (LFD) that is discharged from the turbine (LFE) is a depressurized combustion stream (LFD′). In embodiments the depressurized combustion stream (LFD′) has a pressure that is less than the pressure of the combustion stream (LEM, LEP) that is transferred to the turbine (LFE). The combustion stream (LFD) is transferred from the turbine (LFE) to the HRSG (LFI). The HRSG (LFI) is configured to remove heat from the combustion stream (LFD) by use of a heat transfer conduit (LBI) or a plurality of heat transfer conduits (LBI). At least one heat transfer conduit (LBI) generates steam through indirect heat transfer from the combustion stream (LFD).

In embodiments, the HRSG (LFI) is a fired-HRSG (LFJ). In embodiments, the fired-HRSG (LFJ) accepts a HRSG fuel source (LEV). In embodiments, the HRSG fuel source (LEV) is combusted with the combustion stream (LFD) that is transferred from the turbine (LFE) to form a combustion stream (LX0′). In embodiments, the HRSG fuel source (LEV) is combusted with an oxygen-containing gas (LX0). In the instance where the HRSG fuel source (LEV) is combusted with an oxygen-containing gas (LX0), the compressor (LEB), a combustor (LED), a turbine (LFE), a generator (LFH) are optional. Thus, saturated steam (LBR) or superheated steam (LBS) may be generated within the steam drum (LBE) by combusting an oxygen-containing gas (LX0) with the compressor fuel source (LEU) to form a combustion stream (LX0′).

In embodiments, a second fuel valve (LFA) is made available to regulate the amount of the HRSG fuel source (LEV) that is introduced to the fired-HRSG (LFJ). The second fuel valve (LFA) is equipped with a controller (LFB) that is configured to input or output a signal (LFC) to the computer (COMP). In embodiments, the compressor fuel source (LEU) and HRSG fuel source (LEV) come from a common fuel source (LEQ). A compressor fuel source (LEU) provides the fuel that is used as the first fuel (LEL) and second fuel (LEO). In embodiments, the fuel source (LEQ) that is made available as the compressor fuel source (LEU) or HRSG fuel source (LEV) may include a hydrocarbon. In embodiments, the fuel source (LEQ) that is made available as the compressor fuel source (LEU) or HRSG fuel source (LEV) may be a liquid, vapor, or a gas. In embodiments, the fuel source (LEQ) that is made available as the compressor fuel source (LEU) or HRSG fuel source (LEV) may be a methane containing gas such as natural gas. In embodiments, the fuel source (LEQ) that is made available as the compressor fuel source (LEU) or HRSG fuel source (LEV) may be naphtha, natural gas, gasoline, a hydrocarbon, diesel, or oil. In embodiments, the fuel source (LEQ, LET, LEU, LEV), may include a hydrocarbon, and may be a liquid, vapor, or a gas. In embodiments, the fuel source (LEQ, LET, LEU, LEV), may be a methane containing gas such as natural gas, or otherwise may be naphtha, natural gas, gasoline, a hydrocarbon, diesel, or oil.

In embodiments, a fuel source (LEQ) is made available to a fuel compressor (LER) to form a compressed fuel (LET). In embodiments, the fuel compressor (LER) has a plurality of stages (LES). A pressure sensor (LEQP) is provided to measure the pressure of the fuel source (LEQ) that is made available to the fuel compressor (LER). In embodiments, the compressor fuel source (LEU) and HRSG fuel source (LEV) are a compressed fuel (LET). In embodiments, the HRSG fuel source (LEV) is combusted within the fired-HRSG (LFJ) using a burner (LFK) such as a duct burner. In embodiments, the fired-HRSG (LFJ) or the burner (LFK) is lined with refractory material. In embodiments, the refractory material includes a ceramic, alumina, silica, magnesia, silicon carbide, or graphite.

In embodiments, heat is removed from the HRSG (LFI) and a flue gas (LFP) is evacuated from the HRSG (LFI). In embodiments, heat is removed from the fired-HRSG (LFJ) and a flue gas (LFP) is evacuated from the fired-HRSG (LFJ). A temperature sensor (LFM) is configured to measure the temperature within the HRSG (LFI, LFJ). A temperature sensor (LFM) is configured to measure the temperature of the flue gas (LFP) that is discharged from the HRSG (LFI, LFJ).

In embodiments, at least a portion of the flue gas (LFP) is made available as flue gas (FG1) that may be transferred to the thermal compressor (Q30) on FIG. 5C or 5E. In embodiments, at least a portion of the flue gas (LFP) is made available as flue gas (FG1) that may be transferred to the generator (Q50) within the thermal compressor (Q30) on FIG. 5C or 5E.

The steam generated in the plurality of heat transfer conduits (LBI) is routed to a steam drum (LBE). In embodiments, the steam drum (LBE) generates saturated steam (LBR) or superheated steam (LBS). In embodiments, saturated steam (LBR) is discharged from the steam drum (LBE) and is routed to a superheater (LX3) through a saturated steam transfer conduit (LX1). Heat is transferred from the combustion stream (LFD, LX0′) to saturated steam (LBR) within the superheater (LX3) to produce superheated steam (LBS) which is routed to a superheated steam transfer conduit (LX2).

A steam distribution header (LCJ) is configured to accept at least a portion of the saturated steam (LBR) or superheated steam (LBS). In embodiments, a first portion (LBW) of either the saturated steam (LBR) or superheated steam (LB S) is transferred through a first steam transfer conduit (LBY) and into the steam distribution header (LCJ). In embodiments, a second portion (LBX) of either the saturated steam (LBR) or superheated steam (LBS) is transferred through a second steam transfer conduit (LSY) and into steam turbine (LBZ) to generate electricity via a generator (LCA). In embodiments, the steam turbine (LBZ) has a plurality of stages (LBZX). The steam turbine (LBZ) is connected to a generator (LCA) via a shaft (LCB). Depressurized steam (LCI) is evacuated from the steam turbine (LBZ) and is routed towards the steam distribution header (LCJ).

FIG. 17F shows a steam distribution header (LCJ) that is configured to accept at least a portion of the saturated steam (LBR) or superheated steam (LB S) that are routed through either the first steam transfer conduit (LBY) or second steam transfer conduit (LSY). A pressure sensor (LBO) is provided to measure the pressure within the interior of the steam drum (LBE). A temperature sensor (LBQ) is provided to measure the temperature of the saturated steam (LBR) or superheated steam (LBS) that are discharged from the steam drum (LBE). A pressure control valve (LBT) is positioned on the steam distribution header (LCJ). In embodiments, the pressure control valve (LBT) controls the pressure within the steam drum (LBE). In embodiments, the pressure control valve (LBT) controls the pressure within first steam transfer conduit (LBY) and second steam transfer conduit (LSY). The pressure control valve (LBT) is equipped with a controller (LBU) that sends a signal (LBV) to or from the computer (COMP). In embodiments, the computer (COMP), pressure control valve (LBT), and pressure sensor (LBO) are used in a control loop to regulate the pressure within the steam drum (LBE), first steam transfer conduit (LBY), or second steam transfer conduit (LSY).

In embodiments, the steam distribution header (LCJ) provides a source of steam to a variety of locations within the farming superstructure system (FSS). In embodiments, the velocity of steam within the steam distribution header (LCJ) ranges from one or more from the group selected from 50 feet per second (FPS) to 60 FPS, 60 FPS to 70 FPS, 70 FPS to 80 FPS, 80 FPS to 90 FPS, 90 FPS to 100 FPS, 100 FPS to 110 FPS, 110 FPS to 120 FPS, 120 FPS to 130 FPS, 130 FPS to 140 FPS, 140 FPS to 150 FPS, 150 FPS to 160 FPS, 160 FPS to 180 FPS, 180 FPS to 200 FPS, 200 FPS to 225 FPS, and 225 FPS to 250 FPS.

In embodiments, the steam distribution header (LCJ) operates at a pressure range that is selected from one or more from the group consisting of 5 pounds per square inch (PSI) 10 PSI, 10 PSI 20 PSI, 20 PSI 30 PSI, 30 PSI 40 PSI, 40 PSI 50 PSI, 50 PSI 60 PSI, 60 PSI 70 PSI, 70 PSI 80 PSI, 80 PSI 90 PSI, 90 PSI 100 PSI, 100 PSI 125 PSI, 125 PSI 150 PSI, 150 PSI 175 PSI, 175 PSI 200 PSI, 200 PSI 225 PSI, 225 PSI 250 PSI, 250 PSI 275 PSI, 275 PSI 300 PSI, 300 PSI 325 PSI, 325 PSI 350 PSI, 350 PSI 375 PSI, 375 PSI 400 PSI, 400 PSI 425 PSI, 425 PSI 450 PSI, 450 PSI 475 PSI, 475 PSI 500 PSI, 500 PSI 525 PSI, 525 PSI 550 PSI, 550 PSI 575 PSI, 575 PSI 600 PSI, 600 PSI 700 PSI, 700 PSI 800 PSI, 800 PSI 900 PSI, and 900 PSI 1,000 PSI.

In embodiments, the steam distribution header (LCJ) is insulated with insulation (LCJ′). In embodiments, the range of thickness of the insulation (LCJ′) on the steam distribution header (LCJ) is selected from one or more from the group consisting of 1 inches to 1.5 inches, 1.5 inches to 2 inches, 2 inches to 2.5 inches, 2.5 inches to 3 inches, 3 inches to 3.5 inches, 3.5 inches to 4 inches, 4 inches to 4.5 inches, 4.5 inches to 5 inches, 5 inches to 5.5 inches, 5.5 inches to 6 inches, 6 inches to 6.5 inches, 6.5 inches to 7 inches, 7 inches to 7.5 inches, 7.5 inches to 8 inches, 8 inches to 8.5 inches, 8.5 inches to 9 inches, 9 inches to 9.5 inches, 9.5 inches to 10 inches, 10 inches to 11 inches, 11 inches to 12 inches, 12 inches to 13 inches, 13 inches to 14 inches, 14 inches to 15 inches, 15 inches to 16 inches, 16 inches to 17 inches, and 17 inches to 18 inches.

In embodiments, the steam distribution header (LCJ) provides a source of steam to a variety of locations including: a first steam supply (LCL) to FIG. 5C to the thermal compressor (Q30), a second steam supply (LCL) to FIG. 17D to the evaporator (J11), a third steam supply (LCL) to FIG. 17E to the spray dryer (KAP), a fourth steam supply (LCL) to FIG. 17E to the spray dryer (KAP) heating jacket (KBJ).

In embodiments, a first steam valve (LCM) is configured to regulate the amount of the first steam supply (LCL) to FIG. 5C to the thermal compressor (Q30). A first reducer (LCN) may be positioned upstream or downstream of the first steam valve (LCM) on the steam distribution header (LCJ).

In embodiments, a second steam valve (LDK) is configured to regulate the amount of the second steam supply (LDJ) to FIG. 17D to the evaporator (J11). A second reducer (LDL) may be positioned upstream or downstream of the second steam valve (LDK) on the steam distribution header (LCJ).

In embodiments, a third steam valve (LDN) is configured to regulate the amount of the third steam supply (LDM) to FIG. 17E to the spray dryer (KAP). A third reducer (LDO) may be positioned upstream or downstream of the third steam valve (LDN) on the steam distribution header (LCJ).

In embodiments, a fourth steam valve (LDQK) is configured to regulate the amount of the fourth steam supply (LDP) to FIG. 17E to the spray dryer (KAP) heating jacket (KBJ). A fourth reducer (LDR) may be positioned upstream or downstream of the fourth steam valve (LDQ) on the steam distribution header (LCJ).

In turn, a plurality of steam condensate streams are transferred from various locations within the FSS and are returned to a condensate tank (LAP) as indicated on FIG. 17F. In embodiments, the condensate tank (LAP) accepts steam condensate streams are transferred from various locations, including: a first condensate (LJC) from FIG. 5C from the thermal compressor (Q30), a second condensate (LAW) from FIG. 17D from the evaporator (J11), a third condensate (LJA) from FIG. 17E from the spray dryer (KAP), a fourth condensate (LJB) from FIG. 17E from the spray dryer (KAP) heating jacket (KBJ).

In embodiments, at least a portion are used again to remove heat within the HRSG (LFI, LFJ): first condensate (LJC), second condensate (LAW), third condensate (LJA), fourth condensate (LJB). In embodiments, feed water (LAX) (which may include condensate (LJC, LAW, LJA, LJB)) is pumped to the from the condensate tank (LAP) to the steam drum input (LBD) of the steam drum (LBE) via a pump (LAX′).

A heat exchanger (LAZ) is provided to pre-heat the feed water (LAX) as it is transferred from the condensate tank (LAP) to the steam drum (LBE). A temperature sensor (LAY) is provided to measure the temperature of the feed water (LAX) before it enters the heat exchanger (LAZ). Another temperature sensor (LBC) is provided to measure the temperature of the feed water (LAX) after is exits the heat exchanger (LAZ).

In embodiments, the steam drum (LBE) is equipped with a level sensor (LBP) that is configured to regulate the amount of feed water (LAX) that is introduced to the steam drum (LBE). In embodiments, the steam drum (LBE) is equipped with a level control valve (LBP′) that is configured to regulate the amount of feed water (LAX) that is introduced to the steam drum (LBE). In embodiments, the computer (COMP), level sensor (LBP), and level control valve (LBP′) may be used in a control loop to regulate the amount of feed water (LAX) that is introduced to the steam drum (LBE).

In embodiments, the steam drum (LBE) is connected to a lower steam drum (LBF) via a plurality of heat transfer conduit (LBG, LBH, LBI). In embodiments, lower steam drum (LBF) is configured to discharge a blowdown (LBK) through a valve (LBN). In embodiments, the blowdown (LBK) includes suspended solids (LBL) and/or dissolved solids (LBM). In embodiments, the suspended solids (LBL) include solids such as bacteria, silt and mud. In embodiments, the dissolved solids (LBM) may include minerals, salts, metals, cations or anions dissolved in water. In embodiments, the dissolved solids (LBM) include inorganic salts including principally calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, bicarbonates, chlorides, and sulfates.

In embodiments, the condensate tank (LAP) also serves the purpose as a water tank (LAO) for accepting treated water (LAJ). Thus, treated water (LAJ) is added to the condensate tank (LAP) to make-up for water losses in the system. A source of water (LAA) is made available to a series of unit operations that are configured to improve the water. In embodiments, the source of water (LAA) is passed through a filter (LAC), a packed bed (LAD) of adsorbent (LAE), a cation (LAF), an anion (LAG), a membrane (LAH), followed by another cation/anion (LAI) to result in treated water (LAJ).

The treated water (LAJ) is then provided to the condensate tank (LAP)/water tank (LAO) via a pump (LAK). In embodiments, the treated water (LAJ) that is transferred to the condensate tank (LAP)/water tank (LAO) via a pump (LAK) is passed through a valve (LAL). The valve (LAL) is equipped with a controller (LAM) that is configured to input or output a signal (XAM) to the computer (COMP). A quality sensor (LAN) is provided as a quality control of the unit operations that are configured to improve the water.

FIG. 17G:

FIG. 17G shows one non-limiting embodiment of a carbon dioxide removal system (GAE) that is configured to remove carbon dioxide from flue gas (LFP) for use as a source of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the farming superstructure system (FSS).

Flue gas (LFP) is provided from FIG. 17F to FIG. 17G. The flue gas (LFP) is routed to a first compressor (GAB), which may have a plurality of stages (GAC). A first pressure sensor (GAA) measures the inlet pressure to the first compressor (GAB). The first compressor (GAB) elevates the pressure of the flue gas to produce pressurized flue gas (GAD). A second pressure sensor (GAA) measures the outlet pressure to the first compressor (GAB). A carbon dioxide removal system (GAE) is provided to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from flue gas (LFP) or from the pressurized flue gas (GAD). A carbon dioxide depleted flue gas is discharged from the carbon dioxide removal system (GAE). In embodiments, the carbon dioxide (CO2) that was removed from the flue gas (LFP, GAD) is provided to the carbon dioxide tank (CO2T), which is discussed in detail on FIGS. 1A and 1B. Alternately, the carbon dioxide (CO2) that was removed from the flue gas (LFP, GAD) may be directly made available to the first growing assembly (100) or second growing assembly (200).

In embodiments, carbon dioxide removal system (GAE) may include one or more from the group consisting of a membrane, an adsorber, a pressure swing adsorber, a temperature swing adsorber, a membrane, a solvent scrubber, a scrubber, an absorber, an amine scrubber, and an amine absorber.

In embodiments, the an adsorber, fixed bed adsorber, moving bed adsorber, a pressure swing adsorber, a temperature swing adsorber, may contain an adsorbent material. In embodiments, the adsorbent material may include regenerable and non-regenerable sorbents. In embodiments, the adsorbent material may be selected from one or more from grow group consisting of 3 Angstrom molecular sieve, 3 Angstrom zeolite, 4 Angstrom molecular sieve, 4 Angstrom zeolite, activated alumina, activated carbon, adsorbent, alumina, carbon, catalyst, clay, desiccant, molecular sieve, zeolites, polymer, resin, and silica gel.

In embodiments, a second compressor (GAG) is provided to compress the carbon dioxide that is discharged from the carbon dioxide removal system (GAE). The second compressor (GAG) elevates the pressure of the carbon dioxide to produce carbon dioxide (GAI). In embodiments, the second compressor (GAG) has a plurality of stages (GAH).

As shown in FIG. 17G, the carbon dioxide tank (CO2T) is in fluid communication with the plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200) as shown on FIGS. 1A and 1B. The carbon dioxide tank (CO2T) contains pressurized carbon dioxide (CO2) and is equipped with a carbon dioxide pressure sensor (CO2P). A carbon dioxide supply header (CO2H) is connected to the carbon dioxide tank (CO2T). A first carbon dioxide supply valve (V10) is installed on the carbon dioxide supply header (CO2H) and is configured to take a pressure drop of greater than 50 pounds per square inch (PSI). In embodiments, range of the pressure drop across the first carbon dioxide supply valve (V10) is selected from one or more from the group consisting of 25 pounds per square inch (PSI) to 50 PSI, 50 PSI to 75 PSI, 75 PSI to 100 PSI, 100 PSI to 125 PSI, 125 PSI to 150 PSI, 150 PSI to 175 PSI, 175 PSI to 200 PSI, 200 PSI to 225 PSI, 225 PSI to 250 PSI, 250 PSI to 275 PSI, 275 PSI to 300 PSI, 300 PSI to 325 PSI, 325 PSI to 350 PSI, 350 PSI to 375 PSI, 375 PSI to 400 PSI, 400 PSI to 425 PSI, 425 PSI to 450 PSI, 450 PSI to 475 PSI, 475 PSI to 500 PSI, 500 PSI to 600 PSI, 600 PSI to 700 PSI, 700 PSI to 800 PSI, 800 PSI to 900 PSI, 900 PSI to 1000 PSI, 1,000 PSI to 1,250 PSI, 1,250 PSI to 1,500 PSI, 1,500 PSI to 1,750 PSI, 1,750 PSI to 2,000 PSI, 2,000 PSI to 2,250 PSI, 2,250 PSI to 2,500 PSI, 2,500 PSI to 2,750 PSI, 2,750 PSI to 3,000 PSI, 3,000 PSI to 3,250 PSI, 3,250 PSI to 3,500 PSI, 3,500 PSI to 3,750 PSI, 3,750 PSI to 4,000 PSI, 4,000 PSI to 4,500 PSI, and 4,500 PSI to 5,000 PSI.

As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the carbon dioxide (CO2) transferred from the carbon dioxide tank (CO2T) the first growing assembly (100) is equipped with a CO2 input (115) that is connected to a CO2 supply conduit (116). The second growing assembly (200) is also equipped with a CO2 input (215) that is connected to a CO2 supply conduit (216). The CO2 supply conduit (116) of the first growing assembly (100) is connected to the carbon dioxide supply header (CO2H) via a CO2 header connection (115X). The CO2 supply conduit (116) of the first growing assembly (100) is configured to transfer carbon dioxide into the first interior (101) of the first growing assembly (100). In embodiments, a second carbon dioxide supply valve (V8) is installed on the CO2 supply conduit (116) of the first growing assembly (100). The second carbon dioxide supply valve (V8) is equipped with a controller (CV8) that sends a signal (XV8) to and from a computer (COMP). In embodiments, a CO2 flow sensor (FC1) is installed on the CO2 supply conduit (116) of the first growing assembly (100). The CO2 flow sensor (FC1) sends a signal (XFC1) to the computer (COMP). In embodiments, a gas quality sensor (GC1) is installed on the first growing assembly (100) to monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide within the first interior (101). The gas quality sensor (GC1) is equipped to send a signal (XGC1) to the computer (COMP).

The CO2 supply conduit (216) of the second growing assembly (200) is connected to the carbon dioxide supply header (CO2H) via a CO2 header connection (215X). The CO2 supply conduit (216) of the second growing assembly (200) is configured to transfer carbon dioxide into the second interior (201) of the second growing assembly (100). In embodiments, a third carbon dioxide supply valve (V9) is installed on the CO2 supply conduit (216) of the second growing assembly (200). The third carbon dioxide supply valve (V9) is equipped with a controller (CV9) that sends a signal (XV9) to and from a computer (COMP). In embodiments, a CO2 flow sensor (FC2) is installed on the CO2 supply conduit (216) of the second growing assembly (200). The CO2 flow sensor (FC2) sends a signal (XFC2) to the computer (COMP). In embodiments, a gas quality sensor (GC2) is installed on the second growing assembly (200) to monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide within the second interior (201). The gas quality sensor (GC2) is equipped to send a signal (XGC2) to the computer (COMP).

In embodiments, the range of the carbon dioxide concentration in the plurality of growing assemblies (100, 200) is selected from one or more from the group consisting of 390 part per million (PPM) to 400 PPM, 400 PPM to 410 PPM, 410 PPM to 420 PPM, 420 PPM to 430 PPM, 430 PPM to 440 PPM, 440 PPM to 450 PPM, 450 PPM to 460 PPM, 460 PPM to 470 PPM, 470 PPM to 480 PPM, 480 PPM to 490 PPM, 490 PPM to 500 PPM, 500 PPM to 510 PPM, 510 PPM to 520 PPM, 520 PPM to 530 PPM, 530 PPM to 540 PPM, 540 PPM to 550 PPM, 550 PPM to 560 PPM, 560 PPM to 570 PPM, 570 PPM to 580 PPM, 580 PPM to 590 PPM, 590 PPM to 600 PPM, 600 PPM to 620 PPM, 620 PPM to 640 PPM, 640 PPM to 660 PPM, 660 PPM to 680 PPM, 680 PPM to 700 PPM, 700 PPM to 720 PPM, 720 PPM to 740 PPM, 740 PPM to 760 PPM, 760 PPM to 780 PPM, 780 PPM to 800 PPM, 800 PPM to 820 PPM, 820 PPM to 840 PPM, 840 PPM to 860 PPM, 860 PPM to 880 PPM, 880 PPM to 900 PPM, 900 PPM to 920 PPM, 920 PPM to 940 PPM, 940 PPM to 960 PPM, 960 PPM to 980 PPM, 980 PPM to 1000 PPM, 1,000 PPM to 1,500 PPM, 1,500 PPM to 2,000 PPM, 2,000 PPM to 2,500 PPM, 2,500 PPM to 3,000 PPM, 3,000 PPM to 3,500 PPM, 3,500 PPM to 4,000 PPM, 4,000 PPM to 4,500 PPM, 4,500 PPM to 5,000 PPM, 5,000 PPM to 5,500 PPM, 5,500 PPM to 6,000 PPM, 6,000 PPM to 6,500 PPM, 6,500 PPM to 7,000 PPM, 7,000 PPM to 7,500 PPM, 7,500 PPM to 8,000 PPM, 8,000 PPM to 8,500 PPM, 8,500 PPM to 9,000 PPM, 9,000 PPM to 9,500 PPM, 9,500 PPM to 10,000 PPM, 10,000 PPM to 11,000 PPM, 11,000 PPM to 12,000 PPM, 12,000 PPM to 13,000 PPM, 13,000 PPM to 14,000 PPM, 14,000 PPM to 15,000 PPM, 15,000 PPM to 16,000 PPM, 16,000 PPM to 17,000 PPM, 17,000 PPM to 18,000 PPM, 18,000 PPM to 19,000 PPM, 19,000 PPM to 20,000 PPM, 20,000 PPM to 21,000 PPM, 21,000 PPM to 22,000 PPM, 22,000 PPM to 23,000 PPM, 23,000 PPM to 24,000 PPM, and 24,000 PPM to 25,000 PPM.

FIG. 18

FIG. 18 shows a simplistic diagram illustrating a multifunctional composition mixing module (6000) that is configured to generate a multifunctional composition from at least a portion of the cannabis (107, 207) that was harvested from each growing assembly (100, 200). In embodiments, the cannabis is first trimmed before being mixed with one or more from the group consisting of fiber-starch, binding agent, density improving textural supplement, moisture improving textural supplement, and insects. In embodiments, the cannabis is first trimmed and then grinded before being mixed with one or more from the group consisting of fiber-starch, binding agent, density improving textural supplement, moisture improving textural supplement, and insects.

FIG. 17 displays a cannabis distribution module (6A) including a cannabis tank (6A2) that is configured to accept at least a portion of the cannabis (107, 207) that was harvested from each growing assembly (100, 200). In embodiments, the cannabis is first trimmed before being introduced to the cannabis tank (6A). In embodiments, the cannabis is first trimmed and then grinded before being introduced to the cannabis tank (6A).

The cannabis tank (6A2) has an interior (6A3), a cannabis input (6A4), a cannabis conveyor (6A5), and a cannabis conveyor output (6A6). The cannabis tank (6A2) accepts cannabis to the interior (6A3) and regulates and controls an engineered amount of cannabis (6A1) downstream to be mixed to form a multifunctional composition. In embodiments, the cannabis tank (6A2) accepts trimmed cannabis (TR1) to the interior (6A3). In embodiments, the cannabis tank (6A2) accepts ground cannabis (GR1) to the interior (6A3).

The cannabis conveyor (6A5) has an integrated cannabis mass sensor (6A7) that is configured to input and output a signal (6A8) to the computer (COMP). The cannabis conveyor motor (6A9) has a controller (6A10) that is configured to input and output a signal (6A11) to the computer (COMP). The cannabis mass sensor (6A7), cannabis conveyor (6A5), and cannabis conveyor motor (6A9) are coupled so as to permit the conveyance, distribution, or output of a precise flow of cannabis via a cannabis transfer line (6A12).

FIG. 17 displays a fiber-starch distribution module (6B) including a fiber-starch tank (6B2) that is configured to accept fiber-starch (6B1). The fiber-starch tank (6B2) has an interior (6B3), a fiber-starch input (6B4), a fiber-starch conveyor (6B5), and a fiber-starch conveyor output (6B6). The fiber-starch tank (6B2) accepts fiber-starch (6B1) to the interior (6B3) and regulates and controls an engineered amount of fiber-starch (6B1) downstream to be mixed to form a multifunctional composition. The fiber-starch conveyor (6B5) has an integrated fiber-starch mass sensor (6B7) that is configured to input and output a signal (6B8) to the computer (COMP). The fiber-starch conveyor motor (6B9) has a controller (6B10) that is configured to input and output a signal (6B11) to the computer (COMP). The fiber-starch mass sensor (6B7), fiber-starch conveyor (6B5), and fiber-starch conveyor motor (6B9) are coupled so as to permit the conveyance, distribution, or output of a precise flow of fiber-starch (6B1) via a fiber-starch transfer line (6B12).

FIG. 17 displays a binding agent distribution module (6C) including a binding agent tank (6C2) that is configured to accept a binding agent (6C1). The binding agent tank (6C2) has an interior (6C3), a binding agent input (6C4), a binding agent conveyor (6C5), and a binding agent conveyor output (6C6). The binding agent tank (6C2) accepts binding agent (6C1) to the interior (6C3) and regulates and controls an engineered amount of a binding agent (6C1) downstream to be mixed to form a multifunctional composition. The binding agent conveyor (6C5) has an integrated binding agent mass sensor (6C7) that is configured to input and output a signal (6C8) to the computer (COMP). The binding agent conveyor motor (6C9) has a controller (6C10) that is configured to input and output a signal (6C11) to the computer (COMP). The binding agent mass sensor (6C7), binding agent conveyor (6C5), and binding agent conveyor motor (6C9) are coupled so as to permit the conveyance, distribution, or output of a precise flow of binding agent (6C1) via a binding agent transfer line (6C12).

FIG. 17 displays a density improving textural supplement distribution module (6D) including a density improving textural supplement tank (6D2) that is configured to accept a density improving textural supplement (6D1). The density improving textural supplement tank (6D2) has an interior (6D3), a density improving textural supplement input (6D4), a density improving textural supplement conveyor (6D5), and a density improving textural supplement conveyor output (6D6). The density improving textural supplement tank (6D2) accepts density improving textural supplement (6D1) to the interior (6D3) and regulates and controls an engineered amount of a density improving textural supplement (6D1) downstream to be mixed to form a multifunctional composition. The density improving textural supplement conveyor (6D5) has an integrated density improving textural supplement mass sensor (6D7) that is configured to input and output a signal (6D8) to the computer (COMP). The density improving textural supplement conveyor motor (6D9) has a controller (6D10) that is configured to input and output a signal (6D11) to the computer (COMP). The density improving textural supplement mass sensor (6D7), density improving textural supplement conveyor (6D5), and density improving textural supplement conveyor motor (6D9) are coupled so as to permit the conveyance, distribution, or output of a precise flow of density improving textural supplement (6D1) via a density improving textural supplement transfer line (6D12).

FIG. 17 displays a moisture improving textural supplement distribution module (6E) including a moisture improving textural supplement tank (6E2) that is configured to accept a moisture improving textural supplement (6E1). The moisture improving textural supplement tank (6E2) has an interior (6E3), a moisture improving textural supplement input (6E4), a moisture improving textural supplement conveyor (6E5), and a moisture improving textural supplement conveyor output (6E6). The moisture improving textural supplement tank (6E2) accepts a moisture improving textural supplement (6E1) to the interior (6E3) and regulates and controls an engineered amount of a moisture improving textural supplement (6E1) downstream to be mixed to form a multifunctional composition. The moisture improving textural supplement conveyor (6E5) has an integrated moisture improving textural supplement mass sensor (6E7) that is configured to input and output a signal (6E8) to the computer (COMP). The moisture improving textural supplement conveyor motor (6E9) has a controller (6E10) that is configured to input and output a signal (6E11) to the computer (COMP). The moisture improving textural supplement mass sensor (6E7), moisture improving textural supplement conveyor (6E5), and moisture improving textural supplement conveyor motor (6E9) are coupled so as to permit the conveyance, distribution, or output of a precise flow of moisture improving textural supplement (6E1) via a moisture improving textural supplement transfer line (6E12).

FIG. 17 displays an insect distribution module (6G) including an insect tank (6G2) that is configured to accept insects (6G1). The insect tank (6G2) has an interior (6G3), an insect input (6G4), an insect conveyor (6G5), and an insect conveyor output (6G6). The insect tank (6G2) accepts insects (6G1) to the interior (6G3) and regulates and controls an engineered amount of insects (6G1) downstream to be mixed to form a multifunctional composition. The insect conveyor (6G5) has an integrated insect mass sensor (6G7) that is configured to input and output a signal (6G8) to the computer (COMP). The insect conveyor motor (6G9) has a controller (6G10) that is configured to input and output a signal (6G11) to the computer (COMP). The insect mass sensor (6G7), insect conveyor (6G5), and insect conveyor motor (6G9) are coupled so as to permit the conveyance, distribution, or output of a precise flow of insects (6G1) via an insect transfer line (6G12). In embodiments, the insects may be Orthoptera order of insects including grasshoppers, crickets, cave crickets, Jerusalem crickets, katydids, weta, lubber, acrida, and locusts. However, other orders of insects, such as cicadas, ants, mealworms, agave worms, worms, bees, centipedes, cockroaches, dragonflies, beetles, scorpions, tarantulas, and termites may be used as well.

FIG. 17 displays a multifunctional composition mixing module (6F) including a multifunctional composition tank (6F1) that is configured to accept a mixture including cannabis, fiber-starch (6B1), binding agent (6C1), density improving textural supplement (6D1), moisture improving textural supplement (6E1), and insects (6G1) via a multifunctional composition transfer line (6F0).

The multifunctional composition tank (6F1) has an interior (6F2), a multifunctional composition tank input (6F3), screw conveyor (6F9), multifunctional composition output (6F10). The multifunctional composition tank (6F1) accepts cannabis, fiber-starch (6B1), binding agent (6C1), density improving textural supplement (6D1), moisture improving textural supplement (6E1), and insects (6G1) to the interior (6F2) and mixes, regulates, and outputs a weighed multifunctional composition stream (6F22).

The multifunctional composition tank (6F1) has a top section (6F4), bottom section (6F5), at least one side wall (6F6), with a level sensor (6F7) positioned thereon that is configured to input and output a signal (6F8) to the computer (COMP). The screw conveyor (6F9) has a multifunctional composition conveyor motor (6F11) with a controller (6F12) that is configured to input and output a signal (6F13) to the computer (COMP). From the multifunctional composition output (6F10) of the multifunctional composition tank (6F1) is positioned a multifunctional composition weigh screw (6F14) that is equipped with a multifunctional composition weigh screw input (6F15), a multifunctional composition weigh screw output (6F16), and a mass sensor (6F17) that is configured to input and output a signal (6F18) to the computer (COMP). The multifunctional composition weigh screw (6F14) also has a weigh screw motor (6F19) with a controller (6F20) that is configured to input and output a signal (6F21) to the computer (COMP).

The multifunctional composition mixing module (6000) involves mixing the cannabis with fiber-starch materials, binding agents, density improving textural supplements, moisture improving textural supplements, and optionally insects, to form a multifunctional composition.

The multifunctional composition may be further processed to create foodstuffs not only including ada, bagels, baked goods, biscuits, bitterballen, bonda, breads, cakes, candies, cereals, chips, chocolate bars, chocolate, coffee, cokodok, confectionery, cookies, cooking batter, corn starch mixtures, crackers, crêpes, croissants, croquettes, croutons, dolma, dough, doughnuts, energy bars, flapjacks, french fries, frozen custard, frozen desserts, frying cakes, fudge, gelatin mixes, granola bars, gulha, hardtack, ice cream, khandvi, khanom buang, krumpets, meze, mixed flours, muffins, multi-grain snacks, nachos, nian gao, noodles, nougat, onion rings, pakora, pancakes, panforte, pastas, pastries, pie crust, pita chips, pizza, poffertjes, pretzels, protein powders, pudding, rice krispie treats, sesame sticks, smoothies, snacks, specialty milk, tele-bhaja, tempura, toffee, tortillas, totopo, turkish delights, or waffles.

In embodiments, the fiber-starch materials may be comprised of singular or mixtures of cereal-grain-based materials, grass-based materials, nut-based materials, powdered fruit materials, root-based materials, tuber-based materials, or vegetable-based materials. In embodiments, the fiber-starch mass ratio ranges from between about 100 pounds of fiber-starch per ton of multifunctional composition to about 1800 pounds of fiber-starch per ton of multifunctional composition.

In embodiments, the binding agents may be comprised of singular or mixtures of agar, agave, alginin, arrowroot, carrageenan, collagen, cornstarch, egg whites, finely ground seeds, furcellaran, gelatin, guar gum, honey, katakuri starch, locust bean gum, pectin, potato starch, proteins, psyllium husks, sago, sugars, syrups, tapioca, vegetable gums, or xanthan gum. In embodiments, the binding agent mass ratio ranges from between about 10 pounds of binding agent per ton of multifunctional composition to about 750 pounds of binding agent per ton of multifunctional composition.

In embodiments, the density improving textural supplements may be comprised of singular or mixtures of extracted arrowroot starch, extracted corn starch, extracted lentil starch, extracted potato starch, or extracted tapioca starch. In embodiments, the density improving textural supplement mass ratio ranges from between about 10 pounds of density improving textural supplement per ton of multifunctional composition to about 1000 pounds of density improving textural supplement per ton of multifunctional composition.

In embodiments, the moisture improving textural supplements may be comprised of singular or mixtures of almonds, brazil nuts, cacao, cashews, chestnuts, coconut, filberts, hazelnuts, Indian nuts, macadamia nuts, nut butters, nut oils, nut powders, peanuts, pecans, pili nuts, pine nuts, pinon nuts, pistachios, soy nuts, sunflower seeds, tiger nuts, and walnuts. In embodiments, the moisture improving textural supplement mass ratio ranges from between about 10 pounds of moisture improving textural supplement per ton of multifunctional composition to about 1000 pounds of moisture improving textural supplement per ton of multifunctional composition.

In embodiments, insects may be added to the multifunctional composition. In embodiments, the insect mass ratio ranges from between about 25 pounds of insects per ton of multifunctional composition to about 1500 pounds of insects per ton of multifunctional composition.

In embodiments, the cannabis ratio ranges from between about 25 pounds of cannabis per ton of multifunctional composition to about 1800 pounds of cannabis per ton of multifunctional composition.

FIG. 19

FIG. 19 illustrates a single fully-grown Grass Weedly Junior plant.

FIG. 20

FIG. 20 illustrates zoomed-in view of a budding or flowering plant.

FIG. 21

FIG. 21 illustrates a single leaf of Grass Weedly Junior.

FIG. 22

FIG. 22 illustrates a trimmed and dried bud (reproductive structure) of Grass Weedly Junior.

FIGS. 19-22 illustrate the overall appearance of the Grass Weedly Junior. These photographs show the colors as true as it is reasonably possible to obtain in reproductions of this type. Colors in the photographs may differ slightly from the color values cited in the detailed botanical description which accurately describe the colors of Grass Weedly Junior.

This disclosure relates to a new and distinct hybrid plant named Grass Weedly Junior characterized by a mixture of Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Sativa X Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.);

Within the leaves, seeds, stems, roots, or any reproductive structures, Grass Weedly Junior has a:

-   -   (a) a cannabidiol content ranging from 0.00001 weight percent to         25 weight percent;     -   (b) a tetrahydrocannabinol content ranging from 4 weigh percent         to 66 weigh percent;     -   (c) an energy content ranging from between 2,500 British Thermal         Units per pound to 65,000 British Thermal Units per pound;     -   (d) a carbon content ranging from between 15 weight percent to         66 weight percent;     -   (e) an oxygen content ranging from between 10 weight percent to         60 weight percent;     -   (f) a hydrogen content ranging from between 2 weight percent to         25 weight percent;     -   (g) an ash content ranging from between 2 weight percent to 35         weight percent; and     -   (h) volatiles content ranging from between 20 weight percent to         92 weight percent;     -   (i) a nitrogen content ranging from between 0.5 weight percent         to 20 weight percent;     -   (j) a sulfur content ranging from between 0.01 weight percent to         10 weight percent;     -   (k) a chlorine content ranging from 0.01 weight percent to 15         weight percent;     -   (l) a sodium content ranging from 0.01 weight percent to 20         weight percent;     -   (m) a potassium content ranging from 0.01 weight percent to 15         weight percent;     -   (n) an iron content ranging from 0.005 weight percent to 15         weight percent;     -   (o) a magnesium content ranging from 0.01 weight percent to 11         weight percent;     -   (p) a phosphorous content ranging from 0.02 weight percent to 14         weight percent;     -   (q) a calcium content ranging from 0.02 weight percent to 12         weight percent;     -   (r) a zinc content ranging from 0.01 weight percent to 7 weight         percent;     -   (s) a cellulose content ranging from 15 weight percent to 77         weight percent;     -   (t) a lignin content ranging from 2 weight percent to 40 weight         percent;     -   (u) a hemicellulose content ranging from 2 weight percent to 36         weight percent;     -   (v) a fat content ranging from 4 weight percent to 45 weight         percent;     -   (w) a fiber content ranging from 5 weight percent to 75 weight         percent; and     -   (x) a protein content ranging from 5 weight percent to 35 weight         percent, as illustrated and described herein;     -   wherein:         the Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Sativa content ranges from 15 weight         percent to 85 weight percent;         the Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.) content ranges from 15         weight percent to 85 weight percent.

The present plant was developed in the United States. In embodiments, the plant may be propagated from seed. In embodiments, the plant is asexually propagated using stem cuttings especially for large-scale production. The plant may be grown indoors, such as for example in a greenhouse, building, or other suitable indoor growing environment under controlled conditions. In embodiments, the plant is grown outdoors.

Plant

Exposed Plant Structure:

This is an aggressive annual, dioecious plant. The natural height at 6 months old for indoor growth is 40 inches to 120 inches, and, and for outdoor growth is 50 inches to 160 inches. A detailed list of characteristics follows:

Botanical Classification:

Mixture of Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Sativa X Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.).

Percentages:

Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Sativa content ranges from 15 weight percent to 85 weight percent;

Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.) content ranges from 15 weight percent to 85 weight percent.

Within the leaves, seeds, stems, roots, or any reproductive structures, Grass Weedly Junior has a:

-   -   (a) a cannabidiol content ranging from 0.00001 weight percent to         25 weight percent;     -   (b) a tetrahydrocannabinol content ranging from 4 weigh percent         to 66 weigh percent;     -   (c) an energy content ranging from between 2,500 British Thermal         Units per pound to 65,000 British Thermal Units per pound;     -   (d) a carbon content ranging from between 15 weight percent to         66 weight percent;     -   (e) an oxygen content ranging from between 10 weight percent to         60 weight percent;     -   (f) a hydrogen content ranging from between 2 weight percent to         25 weight percent;     -   (g) an ash content ranging from between 2 weight percent to 35         weight percent; and     -   (h) volatiles content ranging from between 20 weight percent to         92 weight percent;     -   (i) a nitrogen content ranging from between 0.5 weight percent         to 20 weight percent;     -   (j) a sulfur content ranging from between 0.01 weight percent to         10 weight percent;     -   (k) a chlorine content ranging from 0.01 weight percent to 15         weight percent;     -   (l) a sodium content ranging from 0.01 weight percent to 20         weight percent;     -   (m) a potassium content ranging from 0.01 weight percent to 15         weight percent;     -   (n) an iron content ranging from 0.005 weight percent to 15         weight percent;     -   (o) a magnesium content ranging from 0.01 weight percent to 11         weight percent;     -   (p) a phosphorous content ranging from 0.02 weight percent to 14         weight percent;     -   (q) a calcium content ranging from 0.02 weight percent to 12         weight percent;     -   (r) a zinc content ranging from 0.01 weight percent to 7 weight         percent;     -   (s) a cellulose content ranging from 15 weight percent to 77         weight percent;     -   (t) a lignin content ranging from 2 weight percent to 40 weight         percent;     -   (u) a hemicellulose content ranging from 2 weight percent to 36         weight percent;     -   (v) a fat content ranging from 4 weight percent to 45 weight         percent;     -   (w) a fiber content ranging from 5 weight percent to 75 weight         percent; and     -   (x) a protein content ranging from 5 weight percent to 35 weight         percent, as illustrated and described herein.         Propagation:

This plant may be perpetuated by stem cuttings. Seed propagation is possible but not preferred due to lack of efficiency when compared to asexual reproduction.

Time to Initiate Roots in Summer:

about 4 to 20 days.

Plant Description:

Annual, dioecious flowering shrub; multi-stemmed; vigorous; freely branching; removal of the terminal bud enhances lateral branch development.

Mature Habit:

Tap-rooted annual, with extensive fibrous root system, upright and much branched aerial portion of plant. The growth form of all cloned plants was highly manipulated by systematic removal of terminal buds, inducing a greater branching habit. Many petiole scars on stems from systematic removal of large shade leaves. In this habit, these are obviously very vigorous annual herbs.

First Year Stems:

-   -   Shape: Round. Moderate to fine pubescence.     -   First year stem strength: Medium to Strong.     -   First year stem color:

In embodiments, the young stem has a color that is comprised of one or more from the group consisting of: light green (144C), yellow (001A) or yellow green (001A), dark green (144A) with shades of yellow (001A), yellow orange (011A), orange (024A), orange red (033B), orange pink (027A), red (033A), dark purple red (046A), light red pink (039C), red pink (043C), dark pink red (045D), purple red (054A), light blue pink (055C), purple (058A), purple red (059D), blue pink (062A), light blue violet (069C), violet blue (089A), violet (075A), dark violet (079A), blue violet (083D), blue (100A), dark blue (103A), light blue (104D), light green blue (110C), green blue (111A), grey blue (115C), green blue (125C), white (155A), orange brown (169A), brown (172A), brown purple (178A), orange pink (179D) (The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, 1995 Ed.).

In embodiments, the older stem has a color that is comprised of one or more from the group consisting of: light green (144C), yellow (001A) or yellow green (001A), dark green (144A) with shades of yellow (001A), yellow orange (011A), orange (024A), orange red (033B), orange pink (027A), red (033A), dark purple red (046A), light red pink (039C), red pink (043C), dark pink red (045D), purple red (054A), light blue pink (055C), purple (058A), purple red (059D), blue pink (062A), light blue violet (069C), violet blue (089A), violet (075A), dark violet (079A), blue violet (083D), blue (100A), dark blue (103A), light blue (104D), light green blue (110C), green blue (111A), grey blue (115C), green blue (125C), white (155A), orange brown (169A), brown (172A), brown purple (178A), orange pink (179D) (The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, 1995 Ed.).

Stem Diameter:

In embodiments, the stem diameter at the soil line is 1.05 inches to 7.15 inches. In embodiments, the middle of plant average stem diameter is 0.2 inches to 1.5 inches.

In embodiments, the stem diameter at the soil line is 0.75 inches to 4 inches. In embodiments, the middle of plant average stem diameter is 0.2 inches to 1.5 inches.

In embodiments, the stem diameter at the soil line is 0.25 inches to 2 inches. In embodiments, the middle of plant average stem diameter is 0.1 inches to 0.75 inches.

Stem Height:

In embodiments, the stem height is 3 feet to 9 feet. In embodiments, the stem height is 3 feet to 9 feet. In embodiments, the stem height is 1.5 feet to 4.5 feet. In embodiments, the stem height is 5.5 feet to 11.25 feet. In embodiments, the stem height is 10 feet to 20 feet. In embodiments, the stem height is 11 feet to 24.5 feet. In embodiments, the stem height is 18 feet to 32 feet.

Stem Strength:

In embodiments, lateral stems are strong but benefit from being staked during flowering. In embodiments, the stem has a hollow cross-section. In embodiments, the stem is ribbed having ribs that run parallel to the stem. In embodiments, the stem is hollow.

Internode Spacing:

In embodiments, from between 1.15 inches to 2 inches at the top half of the plant. In embodiments, from between 1.15 inches to 3.15 inches at the bottom half of the plant. In embodiments, from between 0.75 inches to 5 inches at the bottom half of the plant. In embodiments, from between 0.35 inches to 3.15 inches at the bottom half of the plant. In embodiments, from between 0.35 inches to 4.15 inches at the bottom half of the plant. In embodiments, from between 1.15 inches to 7.15 inches at the bottom half of the plant. In embodiments, from between 2 inches to 9 inches at the bottom half of the plant. In embodiments, from between 2 inches to 9 inches at the bottom half of the plant.

Foliage Description:

Texture (Upper and Lower Surfaces):

Upper surface scabrid with non-visible stiff hairs; lower surface more or less densely pubescent, covered with sessile glands.

Branch Strength:

Strong to medium to weak.

Branch Description:

In embodiments, branches may be short, dense with short, broad leaflets. In embodiments, branches may be medium length, dense with long, broad or compact leaflets. In embodiments, lateral branches off the main stem may be fine and of medium strength, they contain few leaves with many bud sites extending up the branch. In embodiments, branches may be long and sparse.

Leaf Arrangement:

In embodiments, palmately compound (digitate) leaves with 5 to 9 serrates leaflets per leaf. In embodiments, palmately compound (digitate) leaves with 3 to 7 serrates leaflets per leaf. In embodiments, palmately compound (digitate) leaves with 7 to 11 serrates leaflets per leaf. In embodiments, palmately compound (digitate) leaves with 3 to 11 serrates leaflets per leaf. In embodiments, palmately compound (digitate) leaves with 5 to 11 serrates leaflets per leaf. In embodiments, the bottom two leaflets may be angled upwards at about a 45-degree angle towards the middle leaflet. In embodiments, the bottom two leaflets extend out from the petiole at approximately 180 degrees.

Leaf Width:

In embodiments, the average leaf width ranges from between 1.5 inches to 12 inches. In embodiments, the average leaf width ranges from between 1.5 inches to 3 inches. In embodiments, the average leaf width ranges from between 1.5 inches to 4 inches. In embodiments, the average leaf width ranges from between 1.5 inches to 5 inches. In embodiments, the average leaf width ranges from between 1.5 inches to 6 inches. In embodiments, the average leaf width ranges from between 1.5 inches to 7 inches. In embodiments, the average leaf width ranges from between 1.5 inches to 8 inches. In embodiments, the average leaf width ranges from between 1.5 inches to 10 inches.

Leaf Length:

In embodiments, the average leaf length ranges from between 1.5 inches to 12 inches. In embodiments, the average leaf length ranges from between 1.5 inches to 3 inches. In embodiments, the average leaf length ranges from between 1.5 inches to 4 inches. In embodiments, the average leaf length ranges from between 1.5 inches to 5 inches. In embodiments, the average leaf length ranges from between 1.5 inches to 6 inches. In embodiments, the average leaf length ranges from between 1.5 inches to 7 inches. In embodiments, the average leaf length ranges from between 1.5 inches to 8 inches. In embodiments, the average leaf length ranges from between 1.5 inches to 10 inches.

Leaf Venation Pattern:

Venation of each leaf is palmately compound (digitate), with serrated leaflets. In embodiments, the lateral venation extends off the main vein to each serrated tip. In embodiments, the sublateral veins extend to the notch of each serration rather than the tip. In embodiments, each serration has a lateral vein extending to its tip from the central (primary) vein of the leaflet. In embodiments, the from each lateral vein there is usually a single spur vein (sublateral vein) extending to the notch of each serration.

Leaf Venation Color:

Leaf venation is very colorful with one or more from the group consisting of: light green (144C), dark green (144A), yellow (001A), yellow orange (011A), orange (024A), orange red (033B), orange pink (027A), red (033A), dark purple red (046A), light red pink (039C), red pink (043C), dark pink red (045D), purple red (054A), light blue pink (055C), purple (058A), purple red (059D), blue pink (062A), light blue violet (069C), violet blue (089A), violet (075A), dark violet (079A), blue violet (083D), blue (100A), dark blue (103A), light blue (104D), light green blue (110C), green blue (111A), grey blue (115C), green blue (125C), green (130A), dark green (132A), light green (149B), white (155A), orange brown (169A), brown (172A), brown purple (178A), orange pink (179D) (The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, 1995 Ed.).

Petiole Length:

Average length of petiole of fan leaves 1.5 inches to 8 inches. In embodiments, Petioles are very study and appear a light brown (166C) or light green (144C) (The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, 1995 Ed.). Petioles are very study.

Petiole Color:

Petioles are very colorful with one or more from the group consisting of: light green (144C), dark green (144A), yellow (001A), yellow orange (011A), orange (024A), orange red (033B), orange pink (027A), red (033A), dark purple red (046A), light red pink (039C), red pink (043C), dark pink red (045D), purple red (054A), light blue pink (055C), purple (058A), purple red (059D), blue pink (062A), light blue violet (069C), violet blue (089A), violet (075A), dark violet (079A), blue violet (083D), blue (100A), dark blue (103A), light blue (104D), light green blue (110C), green blue (111A), grey blue (115C), green blue (125C), green (130A), dark green (132A), light green (149B), white (155A), orange brown (169A), brown (172A), brown purple (178A), orange pink (179D) (The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, 1995 Ed.).

Color of Emerging Foliage (Upper Surface):

In embodiments, the color of emerging foliage is have a color comprised of one or more from the group consisting of: light green (144C), dark green (144A), yellow (001A), yellow orange (011A), orange (024A), orange red (033B), orange pink (027A), red (033A), dark purple red (046A), light red pink (039C), red pink (043C), dark pink red (045D), purple red (054A), light blue pink (055C), purple (058A), purple red (059D), blue pink (062A), light blue violet (069C), violet blue (089A), violet (075A), dark violet (079A), blue violet (083D), blue (100A), dark blue (103A), light blue (104D), light green blue (110C), green blue (111A), grey blue (115C), green blue (125C), green (130A), dark green (132A), light green (149B), white (155A), orange brown (169A), brown (172A), brown purple (178A), orange pink (179D) (The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, 1995 Ed.).

Vegetative Bud (Reproductive Structure) Description:

In embodiments, the dried flower buds (reproductive structures) are a light green (144C), green (124A), or dark green (144A), small to large in nature, diffuse and airy, and coated with glandular trichomes. In embodiments, the fragrance may be quite spicy with an earthy aroma with noticeable hints of pine, clove, citrus, pepper, candy, and tropical fruit. In embodiments, the fragrance is slightly sweet, having a fruity, fresh, musky, cotton-candy, or grape-soda type smell.

Flower Description:

In embodiments, inflorescence (buds, or reproductive structures) may be conical, spherical, cylindrical, tubular, oblong, or rectangular. In embodiments, the flower, bud, or reproductive structures may be devoid of any petals. In embodiments, the flower, bud, or reproductive structures are comprised of a cluster of false spikes with single flowers. These flowers are often paired and enclosed by a bracteole. In embodiments, the wet flower buds have a color comprised of one or more from the group consisting of: light green (144C), dark green (144A), yellow (001A), yellow orange (011A), orange (024A), orange red (033B), orange pink (027A), red (033A), dark purple red (046A), light red pink (039C), red pink (043C), dark pink red (045D), purple red (054A), light blue pink (055C), purple (058A), purple red (059D), blue pink (062A), light blue violet (069C), violet blue (089A), violet (075A), dark violet (079A), blue violet (083D), blue (100A), dark blue (103A), light blue (104D), light green blue (110C), green blue (111A), grey blue (115C), green blue (125C), green (130A), dark green (132A), light green (149B), white (155A), orange brown (169A), brown (172A), brown purple (178A), orange pink (179D) (The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, 1995 Ed.). In embodiments, the wet flower buds have many long white (155A) pistils (hairs), which may become brown (172A) a week before harvest (The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, 1995 Ed.).

Seed Description:

In embodiments, the seeds typically brown (172A). In embodiments, the seeds are brown (172A) and have stripes that include one or more colors from the group consisting of light green (144C), dark green (144A), yellow (001A), yellow orange (011A), orange (024A), orange red (033B), orange pink (027A), red (033A), dark purple red (046A), light red pink (039C), red pink (043C), dark pink red (045D), purple red (054A), light blue pink (055C), purple (058A), purple red (059D), blue pink (062A), light blue violet (069C), violet blue (089A), violet (075A), dark violet (079A), blue violet (083D), blue (100A), dark blue (103A), light blue (104D), light green blue (110C), green blue (111A), grey blue (115C), green blue (125C), green (130A), dark green (132A), light green (149B), white (155A), orange brown (169A), brown (172A), brown purple (178A), orange pink (179D) (The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, 1995 Ed.). In embodiments, the wet flower buds have many long white (155A) pistils (hairs), which may become brown (172A) a week before harvest (The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, 1995 Ed.). In embodiments, the seeds are on average about 0.1 inches to 0.2 inches in diameter. In embodiments, the seeds are on average about 0.075 inches to 0.4 inches in diameter. The seeds have a high fat content ranging from 4 weight percent to 45 weight percent, with an energy content ranging up to or less than 65,000 British Thermal Units per pound.

Vegetative Bud (Reproductive Structure) Color:

In embodiments, the dried flower buds are very colorful and are comprised of a vast array of different colors including one or more from the group consisting of light green (144C), green (124A), dark green (144A), yellow (001A), yellow orange (011A), orange (024A), orange red (033B), orange pink (027A), red (033A), dark purple red (046A), light red pink (039C), red pink (043C), dark pink red (045D), purple red (054A), light blue pink (055C), purple (058A), purple red (059D), blue pink (062A), light blue violet (069C), violet blue (089A), violet (075A), dark violet (079A), blue violet (083D), blue (100A), dark blue (103A), light blue (104D), light green blue (110C), green blue (111A), grey blue (115C), green blue (125C), white (155A), orange brown (169A), brown (172A), brown purple (178A), orange pink (179D), (The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, 1995 Ed.).

Vegetative Bud (Reproductive Structure) & Pistils Color:

In embodiments, the dried flower buds (including reproductive structures) are comprised of one or more from the group consisting of: green (144C or 144A) with yellow (001A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with yellow orange (011A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with orange (024A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with orange red (033B) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with orange pink (027A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with red (033A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with dark purple red (046A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with light red pink (039C) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with red pink (043C) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with dark pink red (045D) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with purple red (054A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with light blue pink (055C) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with purple (058A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with purple red (059D) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with blue pink (062A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with light blue violet (069C) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with violet blue (089A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with violet (075A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with dark violet (079A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with blue violet (083D) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with blue (100A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with dark blue (103A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with light blue (104D) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with light green blue (110C) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with green blue (111A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with grey blue (115C) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with green (124A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with green blue (125C) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with green (130A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with dark green (132A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with light green (149B) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with white (155A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with orange brown (169A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with brown (172A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with brown purple (178A) pistils, green (144C or 144A) with orange pink (179D) (The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, 1995 Ed.).

Bud (Reproductive Structures) Length:

In embodiments, the bud spike length ranges from 0.75 inches to 10 inches. In embodiments, the bud spike length ranges from 0.75 inches to 20 inches. In embodiments, the bud spike length ranges from 0.75 inches to 30 inches. In embodiments, the bud spike length ranges from 0.75 inches to 40 inches.

Bud (Reproductive Structures) Diameter:

Flower size is approximately: 0.25 inches to 3 inches in diameter; and approximately 0.35 to 10 inches in height.

Flowering Time:

In embodiments, flowering time ranges from 5 weeks to 18 weeks. In embodiments, flowering time ranges from 5 weeks to 28 weeks. In embodiments, flowering time ranges from 25 weeks to 37 weeks. In embodiments, flowering time ranges from 35 weeks to 60 weeks. In embodiments, flowering time ranges from 45 weeks to 101 weeks.

Peduncles:

Peduncle strength is weak to medium to strong. In embodiments, they can bend horizontally from weight of flower buds. In embodiments, the average diameter of the peduncles ranges from between 0.2 to 0.5 inches in diameter. In embodiments, the average diameter of the peduncles ranges from between 0.1 to 0.3 inches in diameter. In embodiments, the average diameter of the peduncles ranges from between 0.3 to 1 inches in diameter. In embodiments, the average diameter of the peduncles ranges from between 1 to 2 inches in diameter. In embodiments, texture is smooth with few hairs. In embodiments, texture is moderately smooth, glabrous. In embodiments, texture is coarse with many hairs. In embodiments, pedicels are short to medium length, with visible hairs. They may be scabrid with sessile glands. In embodiments, pedicels are short to medium length, scabrid with sessile glands and visible hairs.

Peduncles Color:

In embodiments, peduncles are very colorful with many varied colors including having one or more from the group selected from: light green (144C), dark green (144A), yellow (001A), yellow orange (011A), orange (024A), orange red (033B), orange pink (027A), red (033A), dark purple red (046A), light red pink (039C), red pink (043C), dark pink red (045D), purple red (054A), light blue pink (055C), purple (058A), purple red (059D), blue pink (062A), light blue violet (069C), violet blue (089A), violet (075A), dark violet (079A), blue violet (083D), blue (100A), dark blue (103A), light blue (104D), light green blue (110C), green blue (111A), grey blue (115C), green blue (125C), green (130A), dark green (132A), light green (149B), white (155A), orange brown (169A), brown (172A), brown purple (178A), orange pink (179D) (The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, 1995 Ed.).

Pedicel Color:

Pedicels are very colorful with many varied colors including having one or more from the group selected from: light green (144C), dark green (144A), yellow (001A), yellow orange (011A), orange (024A), orange red (033B), orange pink (027A), red (033A), dark purple red (046A), light red pink (039C), red pink (043C), dark pink red (045D), purple red (054A), light blue pink (055C), purple (058A), purple red (059D), blue pink (062A), light blue violet (069C), violet blue (089A), violet (075A), dark violet (079A), blue violet (083D), blue (100A), dark blue (103A), light blue (104D), light green blue (110C), green blue (111A), grey blue (115C), green blue (125C), green (130A), dark green (132A), light green (149B), white (155A), orange brown (169A), brown (172A), brown purple (178A), orange pink (179D) (The Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, 1995 Ed.).

Seed production on this plant is difficult. Seed production can be induced using colloidal silver solution but even with this step male inflorescence production is marginal. Pollen generated from this procedure may then be collected and used to self-cross with a non-treated female. The relative proportion of male plants is medium/high.

The inflorescences (e.g.—flowers, buds, reproductive structures) of the female plant are used for medical purposes. This plant is very versatile. It can be used to treat a wide range of health disorders. It has many beneficial medicinal qualities. Some uses include: stimulant, anti-inflammatory, pain management, sleep disorders, Tourette syndrome, Parkinson's disease, spasms, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, digestive disorders,

Grass Weedly Junior prefers water having an electrical conductivity ranging from 0.10 microsiemens to 100 microsiemens. Other water sources with other electrical conductivity may be suitable but just not as efficient. Grass Weedly Junior prefers water having an electrical conductivity ranging from 0.10 microsiemens to 100 microsiemens is provided by:

-   -   (a1) a first water treatment unit (A1) including a cation,     -   (a2) a second water treatment unit (A2) including an anion, and     -   (a3) a third water treatment unit (A3) including a membrane.

In embodiments, Grass Weedly Junior is grown using a method by providing water having an electrical conductivity ranging from 0.10 microsiemens to 100 microsiemens, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing:     -   (a1) a first water treatment unit (A1) including a cation         configured to remove positively charged ions from water to form         a positively charged ion depleted water (06A), the positively         charged ions are comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and iron;     -   (a2) a second water treatment unit (A2) including an anion         configured to remove negatively charged ions from the positively         charged ion depleted water (06A) to form a negatively charged         ion depleted water (09A), the negatively charged ions are         comprised of one or more from the group consisting of iodine,         chloride, and sulfate;     -   (a3) a third water treatment unit (A3) including a membrane         configured to remove undesirable compounds from the negatively         charged ion depleted water (09A) to form an undesirable         compounds depleted water (12A), the undesirable compounds are         comprised of one or more from the group consisting of dissolved         organic chemicals, viruses, bacteria, and particulates;     -   (b) providing a source of water;     -   (c) removing positively charged ions from the water of step (b)         to form a positively charged ion depleted water;     -   (d) removing negatively charged ions from the water after         step (c) to form a negatively charged ion depleted water;     -   (e) removing undesirable compounds from the water after step (d)         to form an undesirable compound depleted water;     -   (f) mixing the undesirable compounds depleted water after         step (e) with one or more from the group consisting of         macro-nutrients, micro-nutrients, and a pH adjustment to form a         liquid mixture;     -   (g) pressurizing the liquid mixture of step (f) to form a         pressurized liquid mixture;     -   (h) splitting the pressurized liquid mixture into a plurality of         pressurized liquid mixtures;     -   (i) transferring the plurality of pressurized liquid mixtures to         each growing assembly;     -   wherein:         -   the macro-nutrients are comprised of one or more from the             group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium,             calcium, magnesium, and sulfur;         -   the micro-nutrients are comprised of one or more from the             group consisting of iron, manganese, boron, molybdenum,             copper, zinc, sodium, chlorine, and silicon;         -   the pH adjustment solution is comprised of one or more from             the group consisting acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid,             potassium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, organic acids, citric             acid, and acetic acid.

This new and remarkable variety of plant prefers that lights illuminate the plant at an illumination on-off ratio ranging from between 0.5 and 5, the illumination on-off ratio is defined as the duration of time when the lights are on and illuminate the plant in hours divided by the subsequent duration of time when the lights are off and are not illuminating the plant in hours before the lights are turned on again. In embodiments, this variety of plant thrives at a carbon dioxide concentration that is greater than 400 parts per million and less than 30,000 parts per million.

In embodiments, the Grass Weedly Junior is grown in a farming superstructure system (FSS) as described here and is grown while the FSS system is operated in a manner that switches from one mode of operation to another mode of operation.

In embodiments, the farming superstructure system (FSS) is operated in a manner that switches on a cyclical basis from: a first mode of operation to the second mode of operation; a second mode of operation to the first mode of operation. In embodiments, the farming superstructure system (FSS) is operated in a manner that switches on a cyclical basis from: a third mode of operation to the fourth mode of operation; a fourth mode of operation to the third mode of operation. It is preferred to turn on and off at least one valves (V1, V3, V4) in a cyclical manner to prevent the roots of the cannabis from receiving too much mist or spray or liquid water or water or nutrients.

In embodiments, the first mode of operation lasts for 5 seconds open followed by the second mode of operation lasting for 600 seconds closed. In embodiments, the third mode of operation lasts for 5 seconds open followed by the fourth mode of operation lasting for 600 seconds closed. In embodiments, water is transferred to the first growing assembly (100) for 5 seconds followed by not transferring water to the first growing assembly (100) for 600 seconds. In embodiments, water is transferred to the second growing assembly (200) for 5 seconds followed by not transferring water to the second growing assembly (200) for 600 seconds. In embodiments, water is transferred to both the first and second growing assemblies (100, 200) for 5 seconds followed by not transferring water to both the first and second growing assemblies (100, 200) for 600 seconds. 5 divided by 600 is 0.008.

In embodiments, the first mode of operation lasts for 60 seconds open followed by the second mode of operation lasting for 180 seconds closed. In embodiments, the third mode of operation lasts for 60 seconds open followed by the fourth mode of operation lasting for 180 seconds closed. In embodiments, water is transferred to the first growing assembly (100) for 60 seconds followed by not transferring water to the first growing assembly (100) for 180 seconds. In embodiments, water is transferred to the second growing assembly (200) for 60 seconds followed by not transferring water to the second growing assembly (200) for 180 seconds. 60 divided by 180 is 0.333.

The duration of time when liquid is transferred to at least one growing assembly (100, 200) divided by the duration of time when liquid is not transferred to at least one growing assembly (100, 200) may be considered an open-close ratio. The open-close ratio may be the duration of time when at least one valve (V1, V3, V4) is open in seconds divided by the subsequent duration of time when the same valve is closed in seconds before the same valve opens again. In embodiments, the open-close ratio ranges from between 0.008 to 0.33. In embodiments, the computer (COMP) opens and closes the valve (V1, V3, V4) to periodically introduce the pressurized liquid mixture into to each growing assembly with an open-close ratio ranging from between 0.008 to 0.33, the open-close ratio is defined as the duration of time when the valve (V1, V3, V4) is open in seconds divided by the subsequent duration of time when the same valve is closed in seconds before the same valve opens again. The computer (COMP) opens and closes the valves (V1, V3, V4) to periodically introduce the pressurized liquid mixture into to each growing assembly with an open-close ratio ranging from between 0.008 to 0.33.

In embodiments, the open-close ratio varies. The open-close ratio may vary throughout the life of the cannabis contained within the growing assemblies (100, 200). The open-close ratio may vary throughout the stage of development of the cannabis contained within the growing assemblies (100, 200). Stages of development of the cannabis include flowering, pollination, fertilization. In embodiments, the open-close ratio is greater during flowering and less during pollination. In embodiments, the open-close ratio is greater during pollination and less during fertilization. In embodiments, the open-close ratio is greater during flowering and less during fertilization. In embodiments, the open-close ratio is less during flowering and greater during pollination. In embodiments, the open-close ratio is less during pollination and greater during fertilization. In embodiments, the open-close ratio is less during flowering and greater during fertilization.

The open-close ratio may vary throughout a 24-hour duration of time. In embodiments, the open-close ratio is increased during the day-time and decreased during the night-time relative to one another. In embodiments, the open-close ratio varies increased during the night-time and decreased during the day-time relative to one another. Night-time is defined as the time between evening and morning. Day-time is defined as the time between morning and evening.

In embodiments, carbohydrates may be made available to Grass Weedly Junior. The carbohydrates are comprised of one or more from the group consisting of sugar, sucrose, molasses, and plant syrups.

In embodiments, enzymes may be made available to Grass Weedly Junior. The enzymes are comprised of one or more from the group consisting of amino acids, orotidine 5′-phosphate decarboxylase, OMP decarboxylase, glucanase, beta-glucanase, cellulase, xylanase, HYGROZYME®, CANNAZYME®, MICROZYME®, and SENSIZYME®.

In embodiments, vitamins may be made available to Grass Weedly Junior. The vitamins are comprised of one or more from the group consisting of vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E.

In embodiments, hormones may be made available to Grass Weedly Junior. The hormones are comprised of one or more from the group consisting of auxins, cytokinins gibberellins, abscic acid, brassinosteroids, salicylic acid, jasmonates, plant peptide hormones, polyamines, nitric oxide, strigolactones, and triacontanol.

In embodiments, microorganisms may be made available to Grass Weedly Junior. The microorganisms are comprised of one or more from the group consisting of bacteria, diazotroph bacteria, diazotrop archaea, azotobacter vinelandii, clostridium pasteurianu, fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, glomus aggrefatum, glomus etunicatum, glomus intraradices, rhizophagus irregularis, and glomus mosseae.

Permits and Patent Licenses are Required for Growth of Grass Weedly Junior in the United States of America and Internationally.

The claims and specification are in conformity with 37 CFR 1.163, this specification and especially claimed ranges of elements (a) through (x) and other elements of the claims contain as full and complete a disclosure as possible of the plant and the characteristics thereof that distinguish the same over related known varieties, and its antecedents, and particularly point out where and in what manner the variety of plant has been asexually reproduced. Further, in the case of this newly found plant, this specification particularly points out the location and character of the area where the plant was discovered. Applicant is based out of Baltimore, Md., 21202.

The claims and specification are in conformity with 35 U.S.C. 112(a), since this specification and especially claimed ranges of elements (a) through (x) and other elements of the claims contain a written description of the invention, and of the manner and process of making and using it, in such full, clear, concise, and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to which it pertains, or with which it is most nearly connected, to make and use the same, and shall set forth the best mode contemplated by the inventor or joint inventor of carrying out the invention.

Complete botanical description and the characteristics which distinguish over related known varieties are herein provided. The new variety differs from parents and related (similar) cultivars of Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Sativa and Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.). The new variety differs from parents and related (similar) cultivars because Grass Weedly Junior has a precise and unique engineered concentrations of: cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol, energy, carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, ash, volatiles, nitrogen, sulfur, chlorine, sodium, potassium, iron, magnesium, phosphorous, calcium, zinc, cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, fat, fiber, protein, as well as specific Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Sativa and Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.) contents and ratios. The new plant differs from its parents and related cultivars because it is engineered to more effectively alleviate inflammation, manage pain, treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and digestive disorders, while also helping to prevent sleep disorders. It provides adequate stimulant to cure attention deficit disorder but does not so act as such a stimulating drug to prevent normal sleep, dietary, and exercise patterns. Because of this remarkable new plant, and combination of ingredients, individuals seeking to medicate with tetrahydrocannabinol can now use this plant as medicine while having little-to-no side effects at all whatsoever and at a very low dosage compared to its parents and related cultivars.

Applicant has specifically identified the characteristic of improved medicinal benefits through extensive trial and error and has a claim which is the result of quantifiable, experimental, and empirical data characterizing the difference between Grass Weedly Junior and Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Sativa or Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.) alone. Most importantly, Grass Weedly Junior possesses a volatiles content ranging from between 20 weight percent to 92 weight percent, and a Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Sativa content ranges from 15 weight percent to 85 weight percent, and a Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.) content ranges from 15 weight percent to 85 weight percent. Whereas the patents and cultivars possess 100 weight percent of each of Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Sativa content and a Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.), applicant's research and development has resulted in a new and distinct plant that has an engineered amount of volatiles while mixing Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Sativa content and a Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.) at varying ratios to achieve a preferred cannabidiol content ranging from 0.00001 weight percent to 25 weight percent. Applicant has realized that the tetrahydrocannabinol content ranging from 4 weigh percent to 66 weigh percent is specifically tailored to maximize dosage while having a volatiles content ranging from between 20 weight percent to 92 weight percent. The combination of Grass Weedly Junior having a volatiles content ranging from between 20 weight percent to 92 weight percent together with the tetrahydrocannabinol content ranging from 4 weigh percent to 66 weigh percent provides a remarkable new plant. Because of this, a user can use less of the plant to achieve the required dosage.

The application conforms to 37 CFR 1.163(a) since the specification particularly points out that Applicant is based out of Baltimore, Md., USA in zip code 21202 which was the location that Applicant realized that he can take stem cuttings and asexually reproduce plants in a manner disclosed in this specification. This disclosure conforms to 37 CFR 1.163(a) since the specification particularly points out that Baltimore, Md., USA in zip code 21202, indoor propagation, growing, and cultivation were the location and character of the area where the plant was discovered.

Applicant has generated the ranges of claimed ranges of elements (a) through (x) were discovered through comprehensive compositional analysis, particle-induced X-ray emission analysis, elemental analysis, proximate analysis, and ultimate analysis immediately available from a variety of different laboratories in the USA. Obtaining the appropriate ranges of varying concentrations of Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Sativa and Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.) were performed on a trial and error basis. The tetrahydrocannabinol concentration is provided as a measurement of Grass Weedly Junior's leaves, seeds, stems, roots, or any reproductive structures on a dry basis.

The age and growing conditions of this plant shown in FIGS. 1-4 may be: adult plant of 14 weeks, average temperature 70 degrees F. to 80 degrees F., humidity 45 to 55 percent humidity, water pH from 5.15 to 6.75, water having an electrical conductivity ranging from 0.10 microsiemens to 100 microsiemens, an illumination on-off ratio ranging from between 0.5 and 5 (the illumination on-off ratio is defined as the duration of time when the lights are on and illuminate the cannabis in hours divided by the subsequent duration of time when the lights are off and are not illuminating the cannabis in hours before the lights are turned on again), a carbon dioxide concentration that is greater than 400 parts per million and less than 3,000 parts per million. LED lighting wavelength ranging from 400 nm to 700 nm, air velocity ranging from 5 feet per second to 50 feet per second.

The parents of the instant plant are known and are comprised of Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Sativa X Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.). Seeds from either are commercially available from many vendors throughout the USA. Applicant devised various plant hybrids of Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Sativa X Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.) to create a plant best suited to accommodate industrial, commercial, recreation and medicinal popular demand.

The idea of a superior and precisely engineered composition that embodies Grass Weedly Junior as described and disclosed herein was discovered by the applicant's in his garden where the inventor was asexually reproducing and cultivating many plants, in many different containers, of many different species. Applicant's work with plants has resulted in the discovery of a cross between Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Sativa X Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.) described herein. Applicant has discovered that Grass Weedly Junior can be reproduced asexually, by taking cuttings of the plants of origin resulting in a remarkable new plant. The discovered female plant can be asexually reproduced by cuttings.

The invention employs a novel plant variety. Since the plant is essential to the claimed invention it must be obtainable by the following method. A method to asexually clone a plurality of Grass Weedly Junior plants, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing:         -   (a0) a plurality of Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) plants;         -   (a1) a cutting tool (CT1);         -   (a2) a liquid, powder, or gel rooting solution (RS), the             rooting solution includes one or more from the group             consisting of water, carbohydrates, enzymes, vitamins,             hormones, and microorganisms;         -   (a3) a growing medium (GM), the growing medium includes one             or more from the group consisting of rockwool, perlite,             amorphous volcanic glass, vermiculite, clay, clay pellets,             LECA (lightweight expanded clay aggregate), coco-coir,             fibrous coconut husks, soil, dirt, peat, peat moss, sand,             soil, compost, manure, fir bark, foam, gel, oasis cubes,             lime, gypsum, quartz, plastic, polyethylene, high-density             polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE),             polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyacrylonitrile, and             polypropylene; and         -   (a4) a plurality of containers (TY1, TY2, TY3, TY^(N),             TY^(N+1)) configured to accept the rooting solution (RS) and             the growing medium (GM), the plurality of containers are             configured to be positioned within a cloning enclosure             (CHD);         -   (a5) the cloning enclosure (CHD) has an interior (CHD-1),             the cloning enclosure (CHD) is configured to contain water             vapor within the interior (CHD-1) to provide a humid             environment for plants within the interior (CHD-1);     -   (b) introducing the rooting solution and the growing medium to         the plurality of containers;     -   (c) using the cutting tool to sever the tips from a plurality of         Grass Weedly Junior plants to form a plurality of severed plants         (107X, 207X);     -   (d) inserting the plurality of severed plants (107X, 207X) of         step (c) into the plurality of containers;     -   (e) placing the plurality of containers within the interior of         the cloning enclosure;     -   (f) illuminating the plants after step (e);     -   (g) growing the plants for 4 to 20 days or until roots are         formed; and     -   (h) optionally venting the interior of the cloning enclosure;     -   wherein:     -   the carbohydrates are comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of sugar, sucrose, molasses, and plant syrups;     -   the enzymes are comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of amino acids, orotidine 5′-phosphate decarboxylase,         OMP decarboxylase, glucanase, beta-glucanase, cellulase,         xylanase, HYGROZYME®, CANNAZYME®, MICROZYME®, and SENSIZYME®;     -   the vitamins are comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E;     -   the hormones are comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of auxins, cytokinins gibberellins, abscic acid,         brassinosteroids, salicylic acid, jasmonates, plant peptide         hormones, polyamines, nitric oxide, strigolactones, and         triacontanol;     -   the microorganisms are comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of bacteria, diazotroph bacteria, diazotrop archaea,         azotobacter vinelandii, clostridium pasteurianu, fungi,         arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, mycorrhiza, glomus aggrefatum,         glomus etunicatum, glomus intraradices, rhizophagus irregularis,         and glomus mosseae.

TABLE 1 USDA Plants Growth Habit Code: FB; Vigor: 5; Productivity: Good; Flowering timing: 5 weeks to 18 weeks; Flowering score: 7.5; Branches: strong to medium to weak; cannabidiol content ranging from 0.00001 weight percent to 25 weight percent; tetrahydrocannabinol content ranging from 4 weigh percent to 66 weigh percent; energy content ranging from between 2,500 BTU per pound to 65,000 BTU per pound; carbon content: 15 weight percent to 66 weight percent; oxygen content: 10 weight percent to 60 weight percent; hydrogen content: 2 weight percent to 25 weight percent; ash content: 2 weight percent to 35 weight percent; and volatiles content: 20 weight percent to 92 weight percent; nitrogen content: 0.5 weight percent to 20 weight percent; sulfur content: 0.01 weight percent to 10 weight percent; chlorine content: 0.01 weight percent to 15 weight percent; sodium content: 0.01 weight percent to 20 weight percent; potassium content: 0.01 weight percent to 15 weight percent; iron content: 0.005 weight percent to 15 weight percent; magnesium content: 0.01 weight percent to 11 weight percent; phosphorous content: 0.02 weight percent to 14 weight percent; calcium content: 0.02 weight percent to 12 weight percent; zinc content: 0.01 weight percent to 7 weight percent; cellulose content: 15 weight percent to 77 weight percent; lignin content: 2 weight percent to 40 weight percent; hemicellulose content: 2 weight percent to 36 weight percent; fat content: 4 weight percent to 45 weight percent; fiber content: 5 weight percent to 75 weight percent; protein content: 5 weight percent to 35 weight percent; Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Sativa content ranges from 15 weight percent to 85 weight percent; Cannabis sativa L. ssp. Indica (Lam.) content ranges from 15 weight percent to 85 weight percent, FIG. 23

FIG. 17 shows one non-limiting embodiment of a cannabis cloning assembly (CA). In embodiments, the cannabis cloning assembly (CA) includes a plurality of containers (TY1, TY2, TY3, TY^(N), TY^(N+1)) connected to at least one cloning enclosure (CHD). The cloning enclosure (CHD) when placed upon the plurality of containers (TY1, TY2, TY3, TY^(N), TY^(N+1)) forms an interior (CHD-1). In embodiments, the cloning enclosure (CHD) does not let humidity, water vapor, carbon dioxide, or air to escape from within the interior (CHD-1). The cloning enclosure (CHD) is configured to contain humidity in the interior (CHD-1) above the plurality of containers (TY1, TY2, TY3, TY^(N), TY^(N+1)).

The cannabis cloning assembly (CA) is configured to asexually reproduce Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) that grow within in each growing assembly (100, 200). The present disclosure provides for a method to asexually clone a plurality of Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) plants, the method includes:

-   -   (a) providing:         -   (a0) a plurality of Grass Weedly Junior (107, 207) plants;         -   (a1) a cutting tool (CT1);         -   (a2) a liquid, powder, or gel rooting solution (RS), the             rooting solution includes one or more from the group             consisting of water, carbohydrates, enzymes, vitamins,             hormones, and microorganisms;         -   (a3) a growing medium (GM), the growing medium includes one             or more from the group consisting of rockwool, perlite,             amorphous volcanic glass, vermiculite, clay, clay pellets,             LECA (lightweight expanded clay aggregate), coco-coir,             fibrous coconut husks, soil, dirt, peat, peat moss, sand,             soil, compost, manure, fir bark, foam, gel, oasis cubes,             lime, gypsum, quartz, plastic, polyethylene, high-density             polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE),             polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyacrylonitrile, and             polypropylene; and         -   (a4) a plurality of containers (TY1, TY2, TY3, TY^(N),             TY^(N+1)) configured to accept the rooting solution (RS) and             the growing medium (GM), the plurality of containers are             configured to be positioned within a cloning enclosure             (CHD);         -   (a5) the cloning enclosure (CHD) has an interior (CHD-1),             the cloning enclosure (CHD) is configured to contain water             vapor within the interior (CHD-1) to provide a humid             environment for plants within the interior (CHD-1);     -   (b) introducing the rooting solution and the growing medium to         the plurality of containers;     -   (c) using the cutting tool to sever the tips from a plurality of         Grass Weedly Junior plants to form a plurality of severed plants         (107X, 207X);     -   (d) inserting the plurality of severed plants (107X, 207X) of         step (c) into the plurality of containers;     -   (e) placing the plurality of containers within the interior of         the cloning enclosure;     -   (f) illuminating the plants after step (e);     -   (g) growing the plants for 4 to 20 days or until roots are         formed; and     -   (h) optionally venting the interior of the cloning enclosure;     -   wherein:     -   the carbohydrates are comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of sugar, sucrose, molasses, and plant syrups;     -   the enzymes are comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of amino acids, orotidine 5′-phosphate decarboxylase,         OMP decarboxylase, glucanase, beta-glucanase, cellulase,         xylanase, HYGROZYME®, CANNAZYME®, MICROZYME®, and SENSIZYME®;     -   the vitamins are comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin D, and vitamin E;     -   the hormones are comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of auxins, cytokinins gibberellins, abscic acid,         brassinosteroids, salicylic acid, jasmonates, plant peptide         hormones, polyamines, nitric oxide, strigolactones, and         triacontanol;     -   the microorganisms are comprised of one or more from the group         consisting of bacteria, diazotroph bacteria, diazotrop archaea,         azotobacter vinelandii, clostridium pasteurianu, fungi,         arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, mycorrhiza, glomus aggrefatum,         glomus etunicatum, glomus intraradices, rhizophagus irregularis,         and glomus mosseae.

It will be appreciated that the foregoing examples, given for purposes of illustration, are not to be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure. Although only a few exemplary embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many variation of the theme are possible in the exemplary embodiments without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of this disclosure. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure that is defined in the following claims and all equivalents thereto. Further, it is recognized that many embodiments may be conceived in the design of a given system that do not achieve all of the advantages of some embodiments, yet the absence of a particular advantage shall not be construed to necessarily mean that such an embodiment is outside the scope of the present disclosure.

Thus, specific systems and methods of an automated fluidized bed level and density measurement system have been disclosed. It should be apparent, however, to those skilled in the art that many more modifications besides those already described are possible without departing from the inventive concepts herein. The inventive subject matter, therefore, is not to be restricted except in the spirit of the disclosure. Moreover, in interpreting the disclosure, all terms should be interpreted in the broadest possible manner consistent with the context. In particular, the terms “comprises” and “comprising” should be interpreted as referring to elements, components, or steps in a non-exclusive manner, indicating that the referenced elements, components, or steps may be present, or utilized, or combined with other elements, components, or steps that are not expressly referenced.

Although the foregoing text sets forth a detailed description of numerous different embodiments of the disclosure, it should be understood that the scope of the disclosure is defined by the words of the claims set forth at the end of this patent. The detailed description is to be construed as exemplary only and does not describe every possible embodiment of the disclosure because describing every possible embodiment would be impractical, if not impossible. Numerous alternative embodiments could be implemented, using either current technology or technology developed after the filing date of this patent, which would still fall within the scope of the claims defining the disclosure.

Thus, many modifications and variations may be made in the techniques and structures described and illustrated herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it should be understood that the methods and apparatus described herein are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the scope of the disclosure.

Unless the context dictates the contrary, all ranges set forth herein should be interpreted as being inclusive of their endpoints, and open-ended ranges should be interpreted to include commercially practical values. Similarly, all lists of values should be considered as inclusive of intermediate values unless the context indicates the contrary.

The recitation of ranges of values herein is merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range. Unless otherwise indicated herein, each individual value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided with respect to certain embodiments herein is intended merely to better illuminate the disclosure and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the disclosure otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the disclosure.

Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the disclosure disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member can be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. One or more members of a group can be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability. When any such inclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is herein deemed to contain the group as modified thus fulfilling the written description of all Markush groups used in the appended claims.

It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that many more modifications besides those already described are possible without departing from the inventive concepts herein. The inventive subject matter, therefore, is not to be restricted except in the spirit of the appended claims. Moreover, in interpreting both the specification and the claims, all terms should be interpreted in the broadest possible manner consistent with the context. In particular, the terms “comprises” and “comprising” should be interpreted as referring to elements, components, or steps in a non-exclusive manner, indicating that the referenced elements, components, or steps may be present, or utilized, or combined with other elements, components, or steps that are not expressly referenced. Where the specification claims refers to at least one of something selected from the group consisting of A, B, C . . . and N, the text should be interpreted as requiring only one element from the group, not A plus N, or B plus N, etc.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, a limited number of the exemplary methods and materials are described herein.

It must be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method to produce active tetrahydrocannabinol powder, the method includes: (a) providing a source of gas; (b) after step (a), heating the gas to produce a heated gas stream; (c) after step (b), introducing the heated gas stream and a liquid mixture to an interior of a spray dryer, the liquid mixture includes active tetrahydrocannabinol and a liquid, the liquid includes water; (d) after step (c), spray drying the liquid mixture within the interior of the spray dryer to produce a gas, vapor, and spray-dried active tetrahydrocannabinol powder mixture; (e) after step (d), evacuating the gas, vapor, and spray-dried active tetrahydrocannabinol powder mixture from the interior of the spray dryer, the gas, vapor, and spray-dried active tetrahydrocannabinol powder mixture includes active tetrahydrocannabinol powder, vapor, and gas; (f) after step (e), separating at least a portion of the active tetrahydrocannabinol powder from the gas, vapor, and spray-dried active tetrahydrocannabinol powder mixture to produce an active tetrahydrocannabinol powder depleted gas and vapor mixture, the active tetrahydrocannabinol powder depleted gas and vapor mixture has a reduced amount of active tetrahydrocannabinol powder relative to the gas, vapor, and spray-dried active tetrahydrocannabinol powder mixture; and (g) after step (f), separating additional active tetrahydrocannabinol powder from the active tetrahydrocannabinol powder depleted gas and vapor mixture to produce additional active tetrahydrocannabinol powder; wherein: the active tetrahydrocannabinol powder separated in step (f) and/or the additional active tetrahydrocannabinol powder separated in step (g) include a particle size ranging from between 15 nanometers to 30 microns.
 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: in step (a), the gas includes air.
 3. The method according to claim 1, comprising: after step (a) and before step (b), passing the gas past an adsorbent.
 4. The method according to claim 1, comprising: after step (a) and before step (b), passing the gas through a dehumidifier.
 5. The method according to claim 1, comprising: after step (a) and before step (b), introducing the gas to a fan.
 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein: in step (c), the liquid includes ethanol.
 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein: in step (c), introducing the liquid mixture to the interior of the spray dryer by passing the liquid mixture through a spray nozzle.
 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein: in step (c), introducing the liquid mixture to the interior of the spray dryer by passing the liquid mixture through a plurality of spray nozzles.
 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein: the active tetrahydrocannabinol powder separated in step (f) and/or the additional active tetrahydrocannabinol powder separated in step (g) include a particle size ranging from between 100 nanometers to 10 microns.
 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein: in step (f), the active tetrahydrocannabinol powder further includes cannabidiol.
 11. The method according to claim 1, comprising: in step (f), separating the active tetrahydrocannabinol powder from the gas, vapor, and spray-dried active tetrahydrocannabinol powder mixture with a first cyclone; and in step (g), separating the additional active tetrahydrocannabinol powder from the active tetrahydrocannabinol powder depleted gas and vapor mixture with a second cyclone.
 12. The method according to claim 1, comprising: in step (f), separating the active tetrahydrocannabinol powder from the gas, vapor, and spray-dried active tetrahydrocannabinol powder mixture with a cyclone; and in step (g), separating the additional active tetrahydrocannabinol powder from the active tetrahydrocannabinol powder depleted gas and vapor mixture with a filter or an electrostatic precipitator.
 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein: in step (c), the water includes treated water, wherein the treated water includes ultraviolet unit treated water or adsorbent treated water.
 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein: the active tetrahydrocannabinol powder separated in step (f) and the additional active tetrahydrocannabinol powder separated in step (g) are combined and then sifted with a sifter.
 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein: in step (c), the spray dryer includes a counter-current spray dryer or a co-current spray dryer.
 16. The composition according to claim 14, wherein: the sifter includes a vibratory screener or a centrifugal sifter.
 17. The composition according to claim 14, wherein: the sifter includes a circular vibratory fluid bed processor.
 18. The method according to claim 1, comprising: in step (g), separating the additional active tetrahydrocannabinol powder from the active tetrahydrocannabinol powder depleted gas and vapor mixture to produce the additional active tetrahydrocannabinol powder and an additional active tetrahydrocannabinol powder depleted gas and vapor mixture, the additional active tetrahydrocannabinol powder depleted gas and vapor mixture has a reduced amount of additional active tetrahydrocannabinol powder relative to the active tetrahydrocannabinol powder depleted gas and vapor mixture; and after step (g), introducing the additional active tetrahydrocannabinol powder depleted gas and vapor mixture to a condenser.
 19. The method according to claim 1, comprising: in step (g), separating the additional active tetrahydrocannabinol powder from the active tetrahydrocannabinol powder depleted gas and vapor mixture to produce the additional active tetrahydrocannabinol powder and an additional active tetrahydrocannabinol powder depleted gas and vapor mixture, the additional active tetrahydrocannabinol powder depleted gas and vapor mixture has a reduced amount of additional active tetrahydrocannabinol powder relative to the active tetrahydrocannabinol powder depleted gas and vapor mixture; and after step (g), introducing the additional active tetrahydrocannabinol powder depleted gas and vapor mixture to a vacuum system.
 20. A method to produce cannabidiol powder, the method includes: (a) providing a source of gas; (b) after step (a), heating the gas to produce a heated gas stream; (c) after step (b), introducing the heated gas stream and a liquid mixture to an interior of a spray dryer, the liquid mixture includes cannabidiol and water; (d) after step (c), spray drying the liquid mixture within the interior of the spray dryer to produce a gas, vapor, and spray-dried cannabidiol powder mixture; (e) after step (d), evacuating the gas, vapor, and spray-dried cannabidiol powder mixture from the interior of the spray dryer, the gas, vapor, and spray-dried cannabidiol powder mixture includes cannabidiol powder, vapor, and gas; (f) after step (e), separating at least a portion of the cannabidiol powder from the gas, vapor, and spray-dried cannabidiol powder mixture to produce a cannabidiol powder depleted gas and vapor mixture, the cannabidiol powder depleted gas and vapor mixture has a reduced amount of cannabidiol powder relative to the gas, vapor, and spray-dried cannabidiol powder mixture; and (g) after step (f), separating additional cannabidiol powder from the cannabidiol powder depleted gas and vapor mixture to produce additional cannabidiol powder; wherein: in step (f), separating the cannabidiol powder from the gas, vapor, and spray-dried cannabidiol powder mixture with a cyclone; and in step (g), separating the additional cannabidiol powder from the cannabidiol powder depleted gas and vapor mixture with a filter or an electrostatic precipitator. 